Changes in the immune system, which governs a person's body's defense mechanisms, may make cancer patients more susceptible to infection.
What kind of immune system alteration is frequently associated with aging?What two immune system modifications are frequently observed with aging? In addition to the lymphatic and blood vessels in the arms and legs stiffening, the thymus gland decreases.
How does aging affect the immune system quizlet?Age affects the immune system's capacity to distinguish between foreign invaders and healthy tissues. 2. As people age, their immune systems lose their ability to protect them from external invaders, which causes harmful alterations.
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a) what percent of patients in the treatment group were pain free 24 hours after receiving acupuncture?
Answer:
-10/50=.2=20%
Explanation:
your department has an advanced triage protocol that allows the emergency nurse to administer an anesthetic eye drop before morgan lens application. what color is the top of the container?
Eye drop bottles have colored caps that correspond to the effects of the drug. Anesthetics are indicated by white or transparent caps, mydriatics are indicated by red caps, miotics are indicated by green caps, and drugs that decrease aqueous humor production are indicated by yellow caps.
What is triage?When immediate care cannot be given due to a lack of resources, the triage procedure is used in medicine. The system directs care towards the people who will gain the most from it and who are most in need of it. When it is needed in its acute form, it is most frequently needed on the battlefield, during a pandemic, or in the times of peace when an accident causes a large number of casualties that overwhelm the capacity of the local healthcare institutions.
What is triage protocol?A set of algorithms known as protocols enable nurses to ask patients standardized questions and provide consistent care guidance. When doing patient assessments over the phone, triage nurses follow procedures. By doing this, they can guarantee that the data they provide is uniform and that patients are getting the best possible care.
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a healthcare provider prescribes an antibiotic intravenous piggyback twice a day for a client with an infection. the healthcare provider prescribes peak and trough levels 48 and 72 hours after initiation of the therapy. the client asks the nurse why there is a need for so many blood tests. what reason does the nurse provide?
There is a need for so many blood tests after initiation of the therapy for antibiotic intravenous piggyback twice a day for a client with an infection is to determine adequate dosage levels of the drug.
An intravenous piggyback could be a tiny bag of answer connected to a primary infusion line or intermittent blood vessel access device to deliver medication over a given amount of your time. This "piggyback" technique suggests that the patient doesn't need multiple IV sites.
A test done on a sample of blood to live the number of sure substances within the blood or to count differing kinds of blood cells. Blood test is also done to appear for signs of illness or agents that cause illness, to see for antibodies or tumour markers, or to visualize however well treatments are operating.
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cyclophosphamide is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of breast cancer. the nurse has reinforced instructions to the client regarding the medication to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis. which statement by the client indicates an understanding of this chemotherapeutic regimen?
The metabolism of cyclophosphamide results in a number of metabolites having alkylating action. Phosphoramide mustard and acrolein were the main metabolites found. Dephosphoramidation of phosphoramidated mustard can produce nornitrogen mustard, which also possesses alkylating properties.
What safety precautions should be considered when working with chemotherapy medications?Personnel should be protected from exposure when handling HDs by using personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE consists of respiratory barrier protection, gloves, gowns, goggles for eye protection, and a complete face shield for head protection.
Frequently, cyclophosphamide produces nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss. Even if you start to feel sick, it's crucial that you keep taking the medication. Without first consulting your doctor, do not discontinue using this medication. For advice on how to decrease these symptoms, ask your doctor.
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a client had a previous myocardial infarction and has been experiencing angina from occluded coronary arteries. what teaching should the nurse provide in the stable phase of the trajectory model of chronic illness?
The nurse should try to make the client understand the important notions of myocardial infarction and she should also tell him/her to quit smoking or any other addictive health injurious habits.
What is angina ?Angina is typically brought on by a narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscles due to an accumulation of fatty substances. Atherosclerosis is the term for this. An improper diet is one of the factors that can raise your chance of developing atherosclerosis.
The most typical angina symptoms are as follows: a discomfort that is crushing, pressing, or both, typically felt in the chest beneath the breastbone. Your neck, both arms, upper back, and ear lobes could all experience pain.
Thrombosis frequently coexists with angina pectoris . As a result, drinking enough water may aid in reducing blood coagulation and lower the OR for angina pectoris.
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the nurse is assessing a client who is having a non-stress test (nst) at 41-weeks gestation. the nurse determines that the client is not having contractions, the fetal heart rate (fhr) baseline is 144 bpm, and no fhr accelerations are occurring. what action should the nurse take?
The nurse should Ask the client if she has felt any fetal movement.
What is gestation and fetal heart rate ?In utero, a typical foetal heart rate (FHR) falls within the range of 120 to 160 beats per minute (bpm). It can be detected sonographically starting at about 6 weeks, and the normal range changes throughout pregnancy, increasing to about 170 bpm at 10 weeks and then decreasing to about 130 bpm at term.
Gestation is the period of growth that occurs inside viviparous animals during the carrying of an embryo and later a fetus. It frequently occurs in mammals but also in some non-mammals. During pregnancy, mammals may experience one or more gestations concurrently, as in the case of multiple births.
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when discussing health assessment, the nursing instructor would tell the students that potential or actual problems are identified in order to focus on areas requiring what?
Health assessment is a process that involves the systematic gathering and examination of patient and healthcare teams in order to recognize and promote healthy behavior.
Who conducts a health evaluation?Your health will be examined by two physicians. For their reports, they will need to evaluate your current state of health. We urge you to be as forthcoming and truthful as you can.
What kinds of health evaluations are there?Initial Assessment, Focused Assessment, Time-lapsed Assessment, and Emergency Assessment are the four primary categories of health evaluations.
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manny, age 52, is a postal worker who drives a truck every day. he presents with low back pain and has decreased sensation to a pinprick in the lateral leg and web of the great toe. this indicates discogenic disease in the dermatomal pattern of which area?
participation of the L4/L5 root In the dermatomal pattern, this denotes discogenic disease.
What is the root of discogenic illness?excessive lifting, playing sports, or occupations that require a lot of physical effort can all cause low back pain. due to excessive sitting and/or bad posture, the lumbar spinal discs are put under stress. weak core muscles result in inadequate disc support. Obesity.
what is it A discogenic disorder: ?When disc tears or splits occur to allow the nucleus and annulus to connect, the result is an instance of discogenic disorder known as internal disc disruption (IDD). Proteoglycans, a substance as a result of this that can lead to pain and inflammation, may be released.
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a client with diabetes punctured the foot with a sharp object. within a week, the client developed osteomyelitis of the foot. the client was admitted for iv antibiotic therapy. how long does the nurse anticipate the client will receive iv antibiotics?
The duration of IV antibiotics for osteomyelitis of the foot would depend on the severity of the infection and the type of bacteria causing the infection.
What do you mean by Osteomyelitis?
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection that is caused by bacteria. It is a serious condition that can cause pain, swelling, and inflammation in the affected bone and the surrounding tissue. The infection usually starts in the soft tissue around the bone, and can spread to the bone itself. If left untreated, the infection can cause permanent damage to the bone and the surrounding tissue. Symptoms of osteomyelitis may include fever, redness and pain in the affected area, swelling, and loss of joint movement.
It depends on the severity of the infection, the type of bacteria causing the infection, the client's overall health, and the client's response to the antibiotics. Generally, the client would likely receive IV antibiotics for a minimum of one to two weeks but could need up to six weeks of IV antibiotics.
What do you mean by IV Antibiotics?
IV antibiotics are antibiotics that are administered through an intravenous (IV) line directly into the bloodstream. This method of administration allows the antibiotic to reach the bloodstream quickly and in a more concentrated form than an antibiotic taken orally. IV antibiotics are typically used to treat more serious bacterial infections, such as those that affect the respiratory system, urinary tract, or bloodstream.
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the nurse on the medical–surgical unit is reviewing discharge instructions with a client who has a history of glaucoma. the nurse should anticipate the use of what medications?
Medications which is to be given in Glaucoma are prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and rho kinase inhibitors.
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. The optic nerve sends visual information from your eye to your brain and is vital for good vision. Damage to the optic nerve is often related to high pressure in your eye. But glaucoma can happen even with normal eye pressure.
The symptoms of glaucoma depend on the type and stage of your condition.
a. Open-angle glaucoma
No symptoms in early stages
Gradually, patchy blind spots in your side vision. Side vision also is known as peripheral vision
In later stages, difficulty seeing things in your central vision
b. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Severe headache
Severe eye pain
Nausea or vomiting
Blurred vision
Halos or colored rings around lights
Eye redness
c. Normal-tension glaucoma
No symptoms in early stages
Gradually, blurred vision
In later stages, loss of side vision
d. Glaucoma in children
A dull or cloudy eye (infants)
Increased blinking (infants)
Tears without crying (infants)
Blurred vision
Nearsightedness that gets worse
Headache
Pigmentary glaucoma
Halos around lights
Blurred vision with exercise
Gradual loss of side vision.
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a child weighing 14.5 kg has von willebrand disease and has been prescribed desmopressin 0.3 mcg/kg iv. how much desmopressin should the nurse administer?
The nurse should administer 4.4 mcg of desmopressin.
What happens during overdosage of desmopressin ?Headache, fuzziness, tiredness, rapid weight gain, and urine issues are just a few examples of overdose symptoms. Diabetes insipidus of the central nervous system is managed with desmopressin. The body loses too much fluid as a result of this disorder, leading to dehydration. Additionally, nocturnal enuresis, frequent urination, and excessive thirst brought on by specific kinds of brain damage or brain surgery are all controlled with it.
Desmopressin acetate pills, or DDAVP, have no known particular antidote. The patient needs to be monitored and given the proper symptomatic therapy.
In the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) - PMC, desmopressin significantly reduces tachycardia and ameliorates symptoms.
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a client with a peptic ulcer is about to begin a therapeutic regimen that includes a bland diet, antacids, and famotidine. before the client is discharged, the nurse should provide which instruction?
a client with a peptic ulcer is about to begin a therapeutic regimen that includes a bland diet, antacids, and famotidine. before the client is discharged, the nurse should provide "Avoid aspirin and products that contain aspirin."
Since some of the calcium in calcium carbonate antacids is absorbed by the body, they are used in calcium deficiency conditions like postmenopausal osteoporosis. Magnesium deficiency caused by diet or medication-related magnesium depletion is treated with magnesium oxide antacids. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin, also referred to as acetylsalicylic acid, is used to treat inflammation, fever, and pain as well as being an antithrombotic. Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever are a few specific inflammatory conditions that aspirin is used to treat.
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a client seeks medical attention for the development of a rash on the hands. which assessment findings indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing irritant contact dermatitis? select all that apply.
Patch testing is the most effective method for determining irritant contact dermatitis. The materials are taped to your back using a non-allergic tape of some sort. They might occasionally be fastened to the upper arms.
What is contact dermatitis?The skin becomes dry, cracked, itchy, blistered, and irritated as a result of contact dermatitis.
Darker skin can turn dark brown, purple, or grey, while lighter skin can turn red. After being exposed to an irritant or allergy for a few hours or days, this reaction typically happens.
Symptoms of contact dermatitis often disappear in two to three weeks. Your symptoms will almost certainly recur if you continue to come into contact with the allergy or irritant.
Two frequent and frequently misunderstood kinds of eczema are atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis.
Both of these inflammatory skin disorders have similar symptoms, but they have different underlying causes. While contact dermatitis is brought on by external stimuli, atopic dermatitis is an interior skin disorder.
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an adult resident of an assisted living facility has a history of migraines and has a prescription for sumatriptan, administered prn. before the client takes a dose, the nurse should ask what question to ensure the client's safety?
At the first symptom of a migraine, take this medication by mouth with or without food, as prescribed by your doctor. Your medical condition and treatment response will determine the dosage. Do not take further doses of this medication if your symptoms do not improve before consulting your doctor. You may take a second dose at least two hours after the first one if your symptoms only partially improve or if your headache returns. Taking more than 200 mg in a day is not advised.
Additionally, this drug may be utilised as a fallback for sumatriptan injection. At least two hours following the injection, you may take a dose of sumatriptan by mouth up to 100 milligrams in a 24-hour period if your symptoms are only partially eased or your headache returns.
Your doctor might conduct a heart check before you begin taking sumatriptan if you are more likely to experience heart issues (see Precautions). Additionally, in order to check for major side effects, he or she might advise you to take this drug for the first time at the office or clinic (such as chest pain). To learn more, consult your physician.
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treating clients with anorexia nervosa with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant such as fluoxetine (prozac) may present which problem?
Fluoxetine can suppress the appetite and lead to weight loss.
What is fluoxetine's preferred use?An selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, such as fluoxetine, is a class of antidepressant (SSRI).Obsessive compulsive disorder, bulimia, and depression are occasionally also treated with it.Serotonin levels in the brain are raised, which causes it to work.
What is fluoxetine's most frequent adverse effect?The most frequent side effects of Prozac (fluoxetine) are nausea, sleeplessness, and anxiety.These frequently get better with time for a lot of folks.Medications like Prozac might have sexual side effects.
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a 54-year-old man presents with chest pain. he has a past medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. the pain is located in the middle of his chest and radiates to his jaw. the pain began about 20 minutes ago, and he rates the pain as a 10 on a 0-10 point scale, with 10 being the worst pain he has ever felt. he has had 3 similar episodes, but they have always resolved after 5 minutes or so of rest. he has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes a day for the past 36 years. he drinks 2 or 3 beers on friday nights. review of systems (ros) is positive for diaphoresis, acute dyspnea, and impending doom. ros is negative for fever, chills, and malaise. physical exam shows an obese, middle-aged man in moderate distress. bp is 148/80; pulse is 100; and respirations are 26. heart and lung exams are normal, except for tachycardia and tachypnea. he has no pedal edema. electrocardiogram (ecg) shows st elevation in leads ii, iii, and avf; this is a new finding when compared to ecg from 3 months ago. question: what is the diagnosis?
The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the chance of developing atherosclerosis. A patient with diabetes who has previously experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) has the same risk of having another MI as a person without diabetes.
What does "diagnose" actually mean?Pay attention to the pronunciation. the method of identifying a condition, sickness, or harm from its symptoms and indications. In addition to a physical examination, medical history, and procedures like blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsies, a diagnosis may also be made.
Having been diagnosed?If someone or something has been diagnosed with the condition, it is known what the problem is that they are dealing with. A problem or condition is identified after a diagnostic. The soldiers were found to have influenza.
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Trace minerals are found in both plant and animal foods, but their actual bioavailability is influenced by many factors.
...
Trace minerals are found in both plant and animal foods, but their actual bioavailability is influenced by many factors.
The factors that affect the bioavailability of minerals in the body are as follows:
1. The form of minerals present in the body.
2. The supplements that are taken apart from the meals.
3. Excretory loss of a mineral.
4. Nutrient intake and dietary factors.
5. Health of the individual.
What are trace minerals?
Trace minerals, also called micro minerals, are essential minerals that the human body must get from food, but, unlike macro minerals, we only need a very small amount. Even though trace minerals are needed in tiny doses, they are still crucial to our health and development. The recommended daily allowance for most trace minerals is between .2 and 15 milligrams. Find below a list of trace minerals, their functions, and common foods that contain them.
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carla is taking a home pregnancy test to find out if she is pregnant. if this test comes back positive, which hormone has it detected in carla's urine?
The human chorionic gonadotropin hormone was found in Laura's urine (HGC).
How soon will a pregnancy test read positive?In many cases, the home test can provide a positive result as early as 10 days after fertilization. To obtain a more accurate result, postpone taking the test until after you've missed your period. Keep in mind that what a testing you took too soon can come up negative even if you really are pregnant.
Which area of your tummy pains during the first pregnancy?Typically, abdomen or stomach pain occurs when a woman is pregnant. During the first trimester, minor stomach problems are rather normal. These are triggered by uterine expansion and hormonal changes.
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a client is admitted with a cervical spine injury sustained during a diving accident. when planning this client's care, the nurse should assign highest priority to which nursing diagnosis?
The nurse should assign highest priority to Ineffective breathing pattern.
What is a cervical spine injury?
Cervical spine injury is caused due to deformation of the cervical spinal column that can damage the spinal cord. Cervical spinal cord injuries are the most severe kinds of spinal cord injuries.
These kinds of injuries causes permanent change in strength, sensation and other functions of the body below the site of the injury.
Spinal cord injuries may lead to quadriplegia or tetraplegia and paraplegia. These are associated with loss of muscle strength in all four extremities. quadriplegia or tetraplegia and paraplegia are paralysis caused by spinal cord injuries.
Quadriplegia or tetraplegia affects the arms, hands, trunk, legs and pelvic organs.
Paraplegia affects all or a part of the trunk, legs and pelvic organs.
So, the nurse should assign highest priority to Ineffective breathing pattern.
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a client with a history of alcohol abuse presents to the emergency department vomiting large amounts of bright red blood that the health care provider suspects is due to esophageal varices. which drug that reduces splanchnic and hepatic blood flow should the nurse anticipate being prescribed?
Octreotide is a long-acting synthetic analog of somatostatin.
What is somatostatin?
Somatostatin mostly has neuroendocrine inhibitory effects on a variety of systems. It is known to alter neurotransmission and memory formation in the CNS, as well as to inhibit GI, endocrine, exocrine, pancreatic, and pituitary secretions. Somatostatin is also known by the acronyms SS, SST, or SOM. the hormone that inhibits growth hormone (GHIH). the factor that prevents the release of somatotropin (SRIF). somatotropin-releasing hormone inhibitor (SRIH). The pancreas also secretes somatostatin in response to various dietary-related conditions, including elevated blood levels of amino acids and glucose—the powerful inhibition of insulin and glucagon release from pancreatic islets by somatostatin (SST). There are five different SST membrane receptors (SSTR1–5), and at least two of them have been suggested to control pancreatic endocrine function.
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question 1 according to research by the national survey on drug use and health (nsduh), in 2013 an estimated 28.7 million people reported driving under the influence of alcohol at least once during the previous year. a) true b) false
According to findings from the national study on drug use and health, this is the case.True.
What is beneficial to health?You may keep your weight stable by eating a balanced diet that contains plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and a little quantity of unsaturated fats, meat, and dairy. Everyday consumption of a good range of these meals reduces the need for foods heavy in fat and sugar, which are the main contributors to weight gain.
Why is good health so crucial?Being healthy has a direct impact on living a successful life. Different organs in the body communicate with one another to operate properly. For optimal operation, the organs must be kept in good health. Being healthy is significant because it refers to a condition of being in excellent bodily, mental, and social health.
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a 45-year-old client who recently completed alcohol detoxification reports plans to begin using disulfirams as part of the alcoholism treatment regimen. which client teaching would the nurse share regarding this medication?
Avoiding foods, drugs, and any topical treatment that contains alcohol is advised. When used with alcohol, disulfiram has adverse physical effects.
What effects does disulfiram have on the body?Disulfiram functions by preventing the body's ability to break down alcohol. This results in the accumulation of a hazardous alcohol-related molecule, which can make patients who consume alcohol while taking this drug very ill. This response encourages patients to abstain from drinking while taking the medicine.
Disulfiram is a kind of benzodiazepine.The medications Antabuse and Librium (chlordiazepoxide) are used to treat alcohol withdrawal (disulfiram). Librium is also used to treat anxiety-related conditions. Librium and Antabuse are members of different drug classes. Librium is a benzodiazepine, whereas Antabuse is only an alcohol antagonist.
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a parent calls the pediatric clinic to express concern over the child's eating habits. the parent says the child eats very little and consumes only a single type of food for weeks on end. the nurse knows that this behavior is characteristic of:
The nurse knows that this behavior is characteristic of normal toddler behavior as she eats only a single type of food for weeks on end.
Toddlers frequently engage in less than adorable actions such as biting, hitting, yelling, and hitting.
Toddlers frequently demonstrate their increasing independence by eating or not eating. It may be argued that as a result, almost all toddlers exhibit fussy eating tendencies. Children won't eat things they don't like, to put it simply.
Is all your little child will eat mac and cheese? A parent could feel under pressure to serve their child the same meal every day in an effort to get them to eat if their child becomes fixated on a certain food. However, that food might later make the child ill.
The food on your toddler's plate is up to you; macaroni and cheese is not a mandatory item. If you do, you will no longer be able to expand your child's diet by introducing new foods to them. The majority of children's "food jags" won't continue very long if parents resist caving in to them.
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Distinguish between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder.
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behavior whereas borderline personality disorder is characterized by patterns of unstable relationships.
What are the differences between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder?Those with borderline personality disorder are very sensitive and they also struggle with managing their emotions and someone with antisocial personality disorder will be manipulative, deceitful and reckless.
Antisocial personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating and exploiting.
Borderline symptoms are: identity disturbance, disproportionate anger, and fear of abandonment whereas antisocial symptoms are: lack of empathy and remorse, irresponsibility, reckless disregard for the safety of self and others.
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recovery time is: question 12 options: 1) amount time for the body increase heart rate to moderate intensity. 2) amount of time for the body to return to resting levels before exercise. 3) amount of time for the body to recover to moderate intensity. 4) amount of time for the body to return to resting levels after exercise.
Recovery time is the amount of time for the body to return to resting levels after exercise.
Recovery from exercise refers to the period between the tip of a bout of exercise and therefore the resultant come to a resting or recovered state. It additionally refers to specific physiological processes or states occurring when exercise that area unit distinct from the physiology of either the elbow grease or the resting states.
Plan to eat a healthy snack or meal among forty five minutes of finishing your physical exertion. this can facilitate fill again muscle energy stores and begin the recovery process. Eat foods that contain carbohydrates and protines. Carbs facilitate to revive glucose levels therefore you'll recharge your energy levels.
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a nurse caring for clients of different cultures in a hospital setting attempts to make eye contact with clients when performing the initial assessment. what assumption might the nurse make based on common cultural practices?
The correct option (c) A Muslim-Arab woman refuses to make eye contact with her male nurse. Assumption: She is being modest.
Cultural competence in nursing refers to health care workers' ability to provide the best medical care to patients while also demonstrating cultural awareness of their beliefs, race, and values. It entails being aware of patients' cultural diversity and treating them accordingly.
What are examples of cultural considerations?
Cultural Considerations for Health Professionals
Language barriers.Unfamiliarity with the concept of palliative care/hospice settings.Distrust of health care services/clinicians.Personal experiences/past trauma.Religious differences.Belief in alternative medicines.Fear of the unknownLearn more about common cultural practices to visit this link
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Full Question: A nurse caring for clients of different cultures in a hospital setting attempts to make eye contact with clients when performing the initial assessment. What assumption might the nurse make based on common cultural practices?
a. A Black man rolls his eyes when asked how he copes with stress in the workplace. Assumption: He may feel he has already answered this question and has become impatient.
b. A Native American/First Nations man stares at the floor while talking with the nurse. Assumption: The client is embarrassed by the conversation.
c. A Muslim-Arab woman refuses to make eye contact with her male nurse. Assumption: She is being modest.
d. A Hasidic Jewish man listens intently to a male physician, making direct eye contact with him, but refuses to make eye contact with a female nursing student. Assumption: Jewish men consider women inferior to men.
cpco which one of the following federal regulations is not pertinent to billing companies? a. safe harbor rules b. patient protection and affordable care act c. health insurance portability and accountability act d. false claims act
Safe Harbor Principles (option a), The "safe harbor" laws outline several payment and business methods that may, but not always, violate the federal anti-kickback law.
How would they characterize themselves?"Patient" is an English translation of the Latin word "patiens," which meaning to endure or suffer. Through the use of this statement, the patient is portrayed as being immensely submissive, experiencing the necessary discomfort, and accepting the interventions of the outside expert.
Patients can be nouns or verbs.We have the chance to acquire patience since it requires us to learn to wait calmly despite irritation or discomfort, which is almost always present. However, patience may be the key to a happy existence.
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a client has a diagnosis of bladder cancer with metastasis. the client asks the nurse about the characteristics of hospice care. the nurse should explain that:
The most typical locations of metastasis from bladder cancer include lymph nodes, bones, the lung, liver, and peritoneum. Advanced T category tumours and those with unusual histologic characteristics spread more quickly.
How is metastatic urethral cancer detected?The main method for detecting bladder cancer is a cystoscopy. It enables the medical professional to view into the body using a cystoscope, a thin, illuminated, flexible tube. Flexible cystoscopy can be done without anaesthesia, which is a drug that dulls the perception of pain, at a doctor's office.
Which course of action is ideal for metastatic bladder cancer?To determine how far the tumour has penetrated the bladder wall, transurethral resection (TURBT) is frequently performed initially.
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while providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (emt) several days later. which route of transmission does this scenario describe?
The route of transmission the scenario describes is Indirect contact.
What is Indirect Contact?
When there is no direct human-to-human contact, indirect contact transmission occurs. Contact occurs when a reservoir comes into contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, or with vectors like mosquitoes, flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rodents, or dogs.
Food, water, biologic products (blood), and fomites are examples of vehicles that may indirectly transmit an infectious agent (inanimate objects such as handkerchiefs, bedding, or surgical scalpels). A vehicle can passively transport a pathogen, just as food or water can.
Indirect person-to-person transmission occurs when the original host sheds pathogens into the environment, which then infects someone else.
Infections spread through indirect contact when an infected person sneezes or coughs.
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immediately after birth a newborn infant is suctioned, dried, and placed under a radiant warmer. the infant has spontaneous respirations and the nurse assesses an apical heart rate of 80 beats/minute and respirations of 20 breaths/minute. what action should the nurse perform next?
Initiate positive pressure ventilation.
What is positive pressure ventilation?
To keep the child's airways open while breathing, positive-pressure ventilation, often known as CPAP, is a safe and effective breathing treatment. It is given by a machine that blows air or oxygen into the air passages (nose, throat) at a controlled pressure through a mask or artificial airway.
The infant's vital signs are not within the usual range, and oxygen deprivation causes cardiac depression in babies. The nurse should start positive pressure ventilation very away. Normal neonatal respirations and pulse rates are 40 to 60 breaths per minute and 100 to 160 beats per minute, respectively. Waiting to act until the baby is one minute old could make the baby's condition worse. CPR shouldn't start until the heart rate is 60 or lower, or between 60 and 80, and not rising after 20 to 30 seconds of PPV, according to neonatal resuscitation guidelines. After addressing the infant's breathing rate, the blood sugar level can be assessed.
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