Based on the description provided, the baby's diagnosis is likely to be spina bifida. Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the neural tube, which develops into the spinal cord and meninges, does not close properly during fetal development. This can result in a protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through an opening in the spine, typically in the lower back. Spina bifida can range in severity from mild to severe and may require medical intervention and management depending on the specific case.
Describe anaphylaxis.
What is an autoimmune disease?
List three possible causes of acquired immunodeficiency.
Name two ways HIV can be transmitted.
Assume that you touch poison sumac and still have not developed a rash 12 hours later. Can you safely assume you are not allergic to the plant? Why or why not?
Rheumatic fever is caused by a virus that has antigens similar to molecules in human heart tissues. When the immune system attacks the virus, it also attacks the heart. What type of immune system disease is rheumatic fever? Explain your answer.
Draw a timeline to show the progression of an untreated HIV infection. Show how the numbers of HIV copies and helper T cells change through time.
Why are opportunistic infections a sign of immunodeficiency?
Answer:
Anaphylaxis is a severe and sometimes fatal allergic response that develops quickly after being exposed to an allergen. It is a systemic reaction that affects many organs and systems throughout the body. Anaphylaxis symptoms include trouble breathing, swelling of the cheeks, lips, and tongue, a quick or weak pulse, hives or rash, nausea or vomiting, dizziness or fainting, and worry or disorientation.
An autoimmune disease is a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy cells, tissues, and organs as if they were foreign invaders.
Three possible causes of acquired immunodeficiency are:
Infection with HIV
Chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer
Prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant
Two ways HIV can be transmitted are:
Through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
Sharing needles or syringes contaminated with the virus
No, even if a person does not get a rash 12 hours later, they cannot safely believe they are not allergic to poison sumac. Allergic responses can happen at any moment, even days after being exposed.
An example of an autoimmune illness is rheumatic fever. Because the virus contains antigens that are identical to those found in human cardiac tissues, the immune system assaults both the virus and the heart.
Timeline for untreated HIV infection:
Initial infection with HIV
Acute HIV infection (flu-like symptoms, high levels of virus in blood)
Clinical latency (no symptoms, but virus replicating in lymph nodes)
Advanced HIV infection (AIDS-related symptoms, significant decrease in helper T cells, high levels of virus in blood)
A 68-year-old man comes to the hospital because his wife has noticed he's having trouble holding things. He also walks slowly and has a difficult time walking in the store with his wife. When the doctor examines this man, she notices that his posture is more stooped than the last time he was examined, about six months earlier. What is the patient's diagnosis?
Answer:
Parkinson's disease might be the patient's diagnosis based on the symptoms given. Parkinson's disease is a neurological illness that impairs mobility. Tremors, stiffness, delayed movement, and difficulties with balance and coordination are all typical symptoms. Parkinson's disease is also characterised by stooped posture. A official diagnosis, on the other hand, may only be established by a skilled medical practitioner following a complete evaluation and examination.