among irregular galaxies, what makes the large and small magellanic cloud especially useful for astronomers?

the average power input to the wheel during this time interval, power  P = I ω f  2 /2 T

What is average power?

It is the average amount of work done or energy converted per unit of time. The average power is often simply called "power" when the context makes it clear. The instantaneous power is then the limiting value of the average power as the time interval Δt approaches zero.

Power  P = torque * average angular speed

             = I α ( 0 + ω f ) / 2

where  I = moment of inertia

         α= angular accleration = ω f / T

So, power P = I ω f  2 /2 T

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Precisely, water has to absorb 4,184 Joules of heat for the temperature of one kilogram of water to increase 1°C. Conduction equations can be used to model heat transfer between a fluid and a solid wall.

The linear temperature profile of a stationary layer of liquid clinging to the wall is considered to be the sole cause of the temperature differential between the fluid and the wall. Heat is transmitted between hot and cold fluids through a solid wall in a heat exchanger. Process streams or separate sources of heat, like fluids or sources of refrigeration, may be the fluids. Corrosion, deposits of reaction products, or organic growths can all eventually decrease heat transfer. Fouling resistances provide a quantitative explanation for these phenomena. combining various film coefficients to create an overall heat transfer coefficient.

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Beginning with the examination of the sound's pitch, location, and volume, the temporal lobes become aware of the sound.

The process of closely scrutinizing something to learn more about it or form an opinion about it as a result of doing so: The performance of the investment plan was examined independently by our financial specialists. Clare's evaluation of the circumstance piqued my curiosity.

The process of organizing and analyzing experimental data in physics is done to support a theory or hypothesis. It is a crucial step in the scientific process and calls for students to show high levels of proficiency in critical scientific abilities.

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The heat absorbed by the ice during changing its phase from a solid-state to the liquid state is called the latent heat. Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of matter by one degree Celsius.

How will the latent heat be obtained when ice undergoes transition?

The ice would have to undergo 2 phase transitions and absorb heat in the 3 phases. The equation would be:

Q=mC(ice) ∆T(ice) +mHf+ mC(water) ∆T(water) +mHv +mC(steam)∆T(steam)

The latent heat of fusion Hf of water is 333.55 J/g

The latent heat of vaporization Hv of water is 2257 J/g

The heat capacity C(water)  of water is 4.184 J/g-C

ΔT(ice)  is from -20 to 0 degrees Celsius

ΔT(water) from 0 to 100 degrees Celsius, and

ΔT(steam)from 100 to 125 degree celcius

Q=10.0×2.09×(0−−20)+10.0×333.55+10.0×4.184×(100−0)+10.0×2257+10.0×1.84×(125−100)Q=10.0×2.09×(0−−20)+10.0×333.55+10.0×4.184×(100−0)+10.0×2257+10.0×1.84×(125−100)

Therefore, main answer is that Heat Capacity is Q=30967.5 J=30.9675 kJ

It requires 31.0 kJ of heat to warm the ice initially at -20.0 ∘C, to steam at 125∘C.

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The statement leads us to the conclusion that 7.07kJ of heat are needed to warm the ice.

An object's heat is made up all of the potential of all intrinsic molecular motion. Temperature is a unit of measurement for the heat produced of typical energy of an object, such as the parts of a material.

Given data:

Ice has a mass of 15.0 grams (m).

The starting temperature is 10 degrees Celsius below zero.

T' = 110.0 degrees Celsius, which is the final temperature.

Ice has a heat capacity of c = 2.09 J/g C.

Steam has a heat capacity of c' = 2.01 J/g C.

At 110 degrees Celsius, the transformation from freezing to water (a liquid) and then to steam occurs as ice absorbs heat. So,

This is how much heat was absorbed:

Q = m[c(T' - T) + c'T']

Q = 15[2.09(110-(-10)+(2.01*110)]

Q = 7078.5 J

Convert in kJ as,

Q = 7078.5/1000

Q = 7.07 kJ

Therefore, we may say that 7.07kJ of heat are needed to warm the ice.

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The complete question is-

How much heat (in kJ) is required to warm 15.0 g of ice, initially at −10.0 °C, to steam at 110.0 °C? The heat capacity of ice is 2.09 J/g · °C, and that of steam is 2.01 J/g °C.

17.1 W is the power dissipated in the wire.

Power is the amount of work completed in a given amount of time, or time spent working. The joules per second (J/s)-based SI unit of power is the Watt (W).

In light of the fact that the potential difference is V = 1.5 V.

The wire is l = 1.5 meters long.

The area of the cross-section is A = 0.6m.

The wire has a 5.25 resistance.

R=ρ l/A

=5.25×10^(-8)×1.5/(0.6×10^(-6) )

=0.13125Ω

The formula to calculate power is

P=V^2/R

Substituting the values, the power will be

P = ((1.5)^2)/0.13125

P = 17.1  W

Thus, the power dissipated in the wire is 17.1 W

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The distance from the wall is 17 m when a bat flying in a cave emits a sound and receives its echo 0.1 s later.

Given sound wave velocity (s) = 340m/s

Time taken for the sound wave (echo) to travel towards the wall and reflect off the bat = 0.1 s

So the time taken by the sound wave to travel to the wall only (t) = 0.1s/2 = 0.05s

Distance from wall to bat (d) = speed of sound wave(s) * time(t)

The distance between the wall and the bat is = 340 m/s * 0.05 s = 17 m

Thus, the distance from the wall when a bat emits a sound and receives its echo 0.1 s later in a cave is 17 m.

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The pressure reading of the pitot tube is 12.0 mm hg at a speed of at 830 km/h will be 187.45 mm of Hg.

It is given that,

The pressure reading of the pitot tube =12 mm of Hg

[tex]$\mathbf{p}_1=12 \mathrm{~mm}$[/tex] of Hg

Velocity at this height [tex]$\mathrm{v}_1=210 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$[/tex]

Pressure reading at height [tex]$\mathrm{h}_2=$[/tex]

Velocity at this height [tex]$\mathrm{v}_2=830 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{hr}$[/tex]

Now applying the concept of the Bernoulli principle

[tex]$$\mathrm{p}_1+\frac{1}{2} \rho \mathrm{v}_1^2+\rho \mathrm{gh}_1=\mathrm{p}_2+\frac{1}{2} \rho \mathrm{v}_2^2+\rho \mathrm{gh}_2$$[/tex]

From the above equation it is clear that

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}\Delta \mathrm{p}_1^2 & =\frac{1}{2} \rho \mathrm{v}_1^2 \\\Delta \mathrm{p}_2 & =\frac{1}{2} \rho \mathrm{v}_2^2 \\\frac{\Delta \mathrm{p}_2}{\Delta \mathrm{p}_1} & =\frac{\frac{1}{2} \rho \mathrm{v}_2^2}{\frac{1}{2} \mu \mathrm{v}_1^2} \\\frac{\mathrm{p}_2}{\mathrm{p}_1} & =\frac{\mathrm{v}_2^2}{\mathrm{v}_1^2}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

Hence, the value of the Pressure is given in terms of mm of Hg will be:

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& \frac{\mathrm{h}_2}{\mathrm{~h}_1}=\frac{\mathrm{v}_2^2}{\mathrm{v}_1^2} \\& \mathrm{~h}_2=\mathrm{h}_1\left(\frac{\mathrm{v}_2^2}{\mathrm{v}_1^2}\right) \\& \mathrm{h}_2=\frac{12(830)^2}{210^2}=187.45 \mathrm{~mm} \text { of } \mathrm{hg}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

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A chemical reaction took place absorbing thermal energy from the pack

Ligaments, which are tenacious bands of fibrous tissue that hold two bones together in your joints, can be stretched or torn during a sprain. An ankle sprain is the most typical type of injury. The first course of treatment entails rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

A direct or indirect injury (trauma) that misaligns the joint, overextends it, and occasionally tears the supporting ligaments results in a sprain. A sprain can result from various injuries, for instance: rolling your ankle while running, switching directions, or coming down from a jump

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Purple colored pattern results when Ninhydrin binds with amino acid within fingerprint residue which allows for fingerprint development. 5th option.

Ninhydrin reacts with the amino acid in the fingerprint deposit to produce a dark-purple product (eccrine secretion). Amino acid helps for the development of fingerprints on paper. It turns dark purple when deposited on paper.

Ninhydrin is a chemical reagent and is most widely used for fingermarks detection on porous surfaces like cardboard and paper. The purple product is often referred to as Ruhemann's purple. It was used in early times for criminology.

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Buildings can affect the surface albedo.

The surface is the outermost or uppermost layer of a physical item or area. it is the element or place of the object which could first be perceived by an observer through the usage of the senses of sight and contact and is the component with which other materials first engage.

A surface is the outermost layer of any physical object. it is the part of the object that may be perceived by an observer using their experience of sight and touch and is the portion with which surrounding substances first engage.

The chemical and mechanical residences include chemical composition, grain, hardness, energy, and inhomogeneities.

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When [tex]x=0.33A[/tex] the system's potential energy is 1/9 of the total mechanical energy.

Explanation:

In a simple harmonic motion the mechanical energy is conserved and is expressed by the relation

      Em = ½ k A²

At all points of movement the mechanical energy and

      Em = K + U

remember that potential energy is

      U = ½ k x²

they ask us for the point where

       U = 1/9 Em

 we substitute

      ½ k x² = 1/9 (½ k A²)

      x = √1/9     A

      x = 0.33 A

Energy may take on a variety of shapes. Examples of these include: electrical energy, sound energy, chemical energy, nuclear or atomic energy, light energy, heat energy, mechanical energy, gravitational energy, and so on. Each form has the ability to shift or transform into the others.

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750 nm is the predicted wavelength. The distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave is known as its wavelength. It is measured in the wave's direction.

A waveform signal that is carried in space or down a wire has a wavelength, which is the separation between two identical places (adjacent crests) in the consecutive cycles. This length is typically defined in wireless systems in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) (mm).

= slit separation = 1.8 mm = 0.0018 m

is the monochromatic light's wavelength.

= 4.8 meters from the screen

= first bright fringe's position =

= order = 1

The first bright fringe's position is indicated by

λ = 7.5 x 10⁻⁷ m

λ = 750 nm

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The yellow red stain that occurs on some rock surfaces is the result of Oxidation Form of weathering

A molecule, atom, or ion undergoes oxidation when it loses electrons as a result of a process.

When a molecule, atom, or ion's oxidation state is raised, oxidation takes place. When there is an increase in electrons or a drop in an atom, molecule, or ion's oxidation state, the process is known as reduction.

According to the given information

When you see crimson stains on rock, you are looking at the results of oxidation, which is when oxygen causes chemical changes. Steel and other iron-containing materials oxidise, which sets off a chemical reaction that causes the material to rust. Similar chemical weathering occurs in rocks.

The yellow red stain that occurs on some rock surfaces is the result of Oxidation Form of weathering

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The maximum magnetic field strength is 6.22 × 10⁻⁴ T. The result is obtained by dividing the maximum electric field strength by the speed of the wave.

The ratio of electric field strength to magnetic field strength in any electromagnetic wave is equal to the speed of light.

E/B = c

Where

If the speed of the medium wave is 0.75c and the maximum electric field strength is 140 kV/m. The maximum electric field strength would be

B = E/0.75c

B = 140.000/0.75c

B = 140.000/(0.75 × 3 × 10⁸)

B = 14×10⁻⁴/2.25

B = 6.22 × 10⁻⁴ T

Hence, the maximum electric field strength in the electromagnetic wave is 6.22 × 10⁻⁴ T.

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Adding additional bulbs to a series circuit increases the resistance of the entire circuit.

The correct option is A.

An easy circuit that enables electrons to move between a or more resistors is called a series circuit. A resistor is anything that consumes energy from a cell (battery). The resistor in a circuit is typically a light bulb. A series circuit offers exactly one route for electric current to go between any two places. These networks have the benefit of making each constituent very reliant on other components.

In a series circuit, the amount of voltage is the total of the single value drops across each component, and also the current flowing through each component is the same.

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The nuclear equation for Uranium-235 decays into thorium-231 is as follows:

²³⁵U₉₂ → ²³¹Th₉₀ + ⁴He₂

Helium also known as alpha particle is been emitted during the decay.

Radioactive decay is the release of energy in the form of ionizing radiation. Because ionizing radiation can affect the atoms of living organisms, it poses health risks by damaging genetic tissue and DNA. Emitted ionizing radiation may contain alpha particles. Atoms decay radioactively if there is a low-energy nuclear configuration available for transition. The actual decay events of single atoms occur randomly and are not the result of the atom's age or aging. Some known radioactive decay is:

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The lateral string has a tension of 1.89*10⁻³N, the vertical string has a tension of 7.84 * 10⁻⁴ N, and indeed the ratio of both strings is 2.41.

The force produced that whenever a load is placed at a few of the ends of a fabric in a direction away from the material's cross-section is known as the tension force. It's common to describe a strain as a "grabbing" force.

(a). The net force acting on the strand is T =mg

Here,

T = Tension in the strand

m = mass of the spider

g = acceleration due to gravity

Substitute 8.00×10⁻⁵ kg for m and 9.8m/s² for g in equation.

T = mg

T = 8.00×10⁻⁵ * 9.8m/s²

T = 7.84 * 10⁻⁴ N

Hence, the tension in the vertical strand is 7.84 * 10⁻⁴ N

(b). The net force in the vertical direction is-

2Tsin∅ = mg

Here, g seems to be the acceleration caused by gravity, r is really the stiffness with in strand, m is the spider's mass, and ∅ is the angle the strand is making.

Substitute 8.00×10⁻⁵ kg for m, 9.8m/s² for g and 12º for ∅ in equation.

2Tsin∅ = mg

2T (sin12º) = 8.00×10⁻⁵ kg * 9.8m/s²

T = 8.00×10⁻⁵ * 9.8/ 2sin12º

T = 1.89*10⁻³N

Hence, the tension in the horizontal string is 1.89*10⁻³N.

The ratio of vertical and horizontal string is,

= 1.89*10⁻³N/7.84 * 10⁻⁴ N

= 2.41

Hence, the ratio of vertical and horizontal string is 2.41

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The complete question is-

(a) Calculate the tension in a vertical strand of spider web if a spider of mass 8.00×10⁻⁵ kg hangs motionless on it. (b) Calculate the tension in a horizontal strand of spider web if the same spider sits motionless in the middle of it much like the tightrope walker in Figure 4.17. The strand sags at an angle of 12º below the horizontal. Compare this with the tension in the vertical strand (find their ratio).

The primary auditory cortex, which is tonotopically organized, is finally reached by auditory afferents in the insular cortex's Heschel's gyrus.

In addition to being critical for language comprehension, this region is also essential for speech generation, phonological retrieval, and semantic processing. The anatomical foundation of the primary auditory area is provided by Heschl's gyrus, which is a significant part of the posterior STG.

The transverse temporal gyrus, often known as "Heschl's gyrus," which is a part of the primary auditory cortex, is credited to Heschl as being first described by a medical professional. Incoming auditory data is processed by this anatomical structure.

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The projectile hit the ground 3,992.97 m in front of the release point.  The projectile speed when it hits the ground is 438.5 m/s

When a level-flying aircraft fires a projectile horizontally in the direction of travel, it means:

v₁ = speed of the plane = 500 km/h

v₁ =500 x 1000 km = 138.89 m/s

                3600s

v₂ = velocity of bullet with respect to plane = 290 m/s

v = projectile velocity relative to the ground

v = v₁ + v₂ = 428.89 m/s

The projectile moves horizontally, but has projectile motion that moves horizontally and vertically along a parabola curve.

In the vertical direction, the projectile moves with un uniform motion.

uy = initial vertical velocity = 0 m/s

h = height = 850m

g = gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m/s²

2h = 1/2 gt²

2 × 850 = 9.8 × t²

t = √1,7009.8

t = 9.31 seconds

The projectile moves horizontally with constant velocity.

distance

d = vt

d = 428.89 × 9.31

d = 3,992.97m

when the projectile almost touches the ground

vertically

maximum speed

vy = gt = 9.8 × 9.31 = 91.24 m/s

horizontally

vx = v = 428.89 m/s

projectile final velocity

v² = vx² + vy²

v² = 428.89² + 91.24²

v² = 183,946.63 + 8,324.37

v² = 192,271.004

v = 438.5 m/s

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The rate constant for the nuclide is 0.38.

We know that the rate of first order reaction is given by : [tex]kt = 2.303*log(R'/R)[/tex]

where k = rate of reaction

           t = time = 3.4 days

           R' = initial amount = 45 g

           R = final amount = 12.1 g

Putting these values in above reaction we get k = 0.38

i.e. the rate constant for the nuclide is 0.38.

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In each trial the material and hence the index of refraction in the region between the barrier and the screen is 487.8 nm

Given D=2.05,d=5

m=1,Y1=20cm

we have d sinθ = mλ

λ=dYn/mD=

5*10⁻⁶*20*10⁻²/1*2.05

λ=487.8 nm

In physics, refraction is the direction change brought on by a wave's speed change as it passes through one medium and enters another. In deep water, for instance, waves move more quickly than in shallow water. When two materials with different densities, such as air and glass, are in contact, light waves change their speed. Refraction is the term for the resultant change in direction that results.

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A garden hose with a small puncture is stretched horizontally along the ground. The hose is attached to an open water faucet at one end and a closed nozzle at the other end.

Height up to which water squirts vertically out of the puncture is, h2 = 0.73 m

Let A be the area of the cross-section of the hose.

From Bernoulli's equation, we can write,

[tex]P1 + (1/2) \rho v12 + \rhogh1 = P2 + (1/2) \rho v22 + \rhogh2[/tex]

we assume that the area of the cross-section of the hose is equal to the area of the puncture so that the velocity of the water both inside the hose and at the puncture is the same. Since the hose is on the ground, h1 = 0 m. Also, P2 = 0 as water in the open experiences no pressure.

Thus, we can write

[tex]P1 = PGH_{2}[/tex]

where [tex]Pgh_{2}[/tex]is the potential energy per unit volume?

[tex]\rho = 1000 kg/m3and g = 9.8 m/s2[/tex]

So,

P1 = 1000 kg/m3 * 9.8 m/s2 * 0.73 m

[tex]P1 = 7154 kg/m.s2\approx 7kPa[/tex]  is the pressure inside the hose.

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The average speed of 121 cars traveling on to an interstate in a random sample was 65 mph. The same values (60.688, 69.312) are used to calculate the 95 percent confidence range for the value of.

The pace at which a distance changes over time is referred to as speed. It has a dimension of time-distance. As a result, the fundamental unit of time as well as the basic unit for length are combined to form the High silica content of speed.

You can determine an object's speed if you know how far it moves in a given amount of time. For instance, an automobile is moving at 70 miles per hour if it covers 70 miles in an hour.

Briefing:

The sample size is n= 121

The sample's average speed is 65 mph.

σ = 22mph

100 should be the new sample size other factors remain unchanged so,

given The sample size is n= 100

σ = 22mph

The 95 % of confidence interval for is calculated as follows:

(65 - 4.312 ,65 +4.312)

(60.688 , 69.312) ≅(61 ,69)

similar to (61.08, 68.92) ≅(61 ,69)

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The initial velocity of the car when the brake was initially applied is 6.3 m/s.

option D is the correct answer.

The velocity of the car when the brake was initially applied is calculated as follows;

Mathematically, kinetic energy formula is given

K.E = ¹/₂mv²

where;

mv² = 2 K.E

v² = ( 2 K.E ) / ( m)

v = √ [  ( 2 K.E ) / ( m) ]

Substitute the given parameters and solve of the initial velocity of the car when the brake was applied.

v = √ [  ( 2 x 23,180 ) / ( 1168) ]

v = 6.3 m/s

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The complete question is below:

A 1,168-kg car comes to a stop without skidding. The car's brakes do -23,180 J of work

to stop the car.

Which of the following was the car's velocity when the brakes were initially applied?

A. 3.2 m/s

B. 1.7 m/s

C. 5.1 m/s

D. 6.3 m/s

3.325m/s^2 acceleration will you give to a 24.9 kg box if you push it horizontally with a net force of 82.8 N.

What is Newton's second law?

Following Galileo, Isaac Newton investigated the motion of various substances and came up with his three famous laws, the first of which defines force and the second of which analyzes it. When an object's mass is constant under certain circumstances, the force is theoretically equal to the sum of the body's mass and the acceleration it experiences.

Data Given

- Mass of the box[tex]$m=24.9 \mathrm{~kg}$[/tex]

- Net horizontal force on the box[tex]$F=82.8 \mathrm{~N}$[/tex]

As per Newton's second law

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& F=m a \\& a=\frac{F}{m} \\& a=\frac{82.8 \mathrm{~N}}{24.9 \mathrm{~kg}} \\& a=3.325 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^2\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

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The statement that does not describe fission is: Stable, lightweight nuclei start the process.

What is Fission?

A bigger atom undergoes fission when a neutron collides with it, causing it to excite and split into two smaller atoms, also referred to as fission products. This process is also known as Nuclear Fission. Additionally, additional neutrons are emitted, and these can start a chain reaction. Each atom splits, releasing a huge quantity of energy.

Hence, The statement that does not describe fission is: Stable, lightweight nuclei start the process.

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The statement that does not describe fission is: Stable, lightweight nuclei start the process.

What is Fission?

A bigger atom undergoes fission when a neutron collides with it, causing it to excite and split into two smaller atoms, also referred to as fission products. This process is also known as Nuclear Fission. Additionally, additional neutrons are emitted, and these can start a chain reaction. Each atom splits, releasing a huge quantity of energy.

Hence, The statement that does not describe fission is: Stable, lightweight nuclei start the process.

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The gases in the cell is under 8333.3 Pa of pressure.

Pressure is the term used to describe the physical force exerted on an object. Per unit area, a perpendicular force is delivered to that same surface of the objects. F/A is the primary formula for tension . Pascals are a unit of pressure (Pa). Relative, atmospheric, disparity, and gauge pressures are various types of pressure.

Briefing:

By using the first law of thermodynamics, we can find the work done by the gas:

ΔU = Q -W

where in this problem:

ΔU = 530kJ  is the change in internal energy of the gas

 Q = 830KJ is the heat absorbed by the gas

W is the work done by the gas (positive if done by the gas, negative otherwise)

Therefore, solving for W,

W = Q - ΔU

   =  830 - 530

   =  300KJ

   =  [tex]3.00 .10^{5}[/tex] J

So, the gas has done positive work: it means it is expanding.

Then we can rewrite the work done by the gas as

[tex]W = p(V_{f} -V_{i} )[/tex]

where:

[tex]V_{i} = 52 m^{3}[/tex] is the initial volume of the gas

[tex]V_{f} = 88 m^{3}[/tex] is the final volume

P is the pressure

And solving for P, we find

[tex]V_{f} = V_{i} + \frac{W}{P}[/tex]

[tex]88 = 52 + \frac{3.00.10^{5} }{P}[/tex]

[tex]88-52 = \frac{3.00.10^{5} }{P}[/tex]

[tex]36 = \frac{3.00.10^{5} }{P}[/tex]

[tex]P = \frac{3.00.10^{5} }{36}[/tex]

[tex]P = 8333.3 Pa[/tex]

Therefore , the pressure of the gas is 8333.3 Pa

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Speed of private jet:200 mph. Speed of commercial jet:400 mph

The private plane traveled at 200 mph, whereas the commercial flight did it at 400 mph.

The commercial jet covers the same distance in six hours that the private jet does in ten.

Commercial jets go roughly 200 mph less than private jets, which travel at three times the speed.

Now, if we suppose that the private jet's speed is X mph, the commercial jet's speed will be (3 X - 200) mph.

For the private jet, if the distance covered is D,

D = 10X

For commercial aircraft,

D = (3X-200)

6

Now, we can write,

10X = 18X - 1200

6X = 1200

X = 200 mph.

Thus, the commercial jet's speed was 400 mph while the private jet's speed was 200 mph.

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If the moon were five times more distant from earth than it is now, the gravitational force would decrease.

How are distance and gravitational forces related?

Inversely related to the square of the distance between the two objects is the gravitational force, which is directly proportional to the masses of the two objects.

In other words, as objects get heavier, their gravitational pull is stronger; however, as objects get farther apart, their pull is weaker.

Gravity's pulling power weakens as a pair of objects are separated by more space.

As one gets farther away from a planet, the gravitational field weakens.

Distances measured from the Earth's centre have a clear inverse square relationship with the dilution of gravity that occurs as you move away from the planet's surface.

For, masses, M₁ and M₂,  the gravitational constant G, and the increasing distance R ,the gravitational force F is given by, F = G[(M₁*M₂)/R²]

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The temperature of the junction H2 is and the heat currents flowing in these three rods is H1 = 2KA/3L (Ti - To).

The thermal conductivity of a fabric is a degree of its capability to behavior warmth. it's miles usually denoted by k, lambda, or kappa. warmth switch occurs at a decrease rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials of excessive thermal conductivity.

Calculation:-

H2 = H1/2

K A ( T initial - T final)/L

= 2KA ( T i T f)/L

T = (T1 + 2To)/3

H1 = 2KA/3L (Ti - To)

By symetry and law of comservation of energy.

H1 + H2 + H3 = O

H1 = H2 + H3

H2 = H3. (same properties)

H1/2 = H2 + H3

Rod 1

H1 = K(T i - T j)/L

Rod2

H2 = KA(T j - T o )/L

Thermal conductivity is a belongings that describes how properly warmness flows thru a substance. The better the thermal conductivity, the higher a substance conducts warmness.

The lower the thermal conductivity the higher, because the material conducts much less heat strength. Thermal conductivity is a assets of the cloth and does not consider thickness. Different thicknesses of the identical fabric nevertheless have the identical λ-fee.

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