Amenorrhea is an absence of menstruation, which can be the result of pregnancy, dieting, and menopause.
Amenorrhea is the lack of menstruation, which is frequently described as missing one or more menstrual cycles. Primary amenorrhea is the lack of menstruation in a person who has not experienced a period by the age of 15. Birth control tablets and other hormone treatments have the potential to restart menstrual periods in some women.
Treatment options for amenorrhea brought on by thyroid or pituitary issues include medicines. Surgery can be required if the issue is being caused by a tumor or structural obstruction. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the hormone that initiates the menstrual cycle, is slowed or stopped by the hypothalamus, a brain organ that controls bodily functions.
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Amenorrhea is an absence of menstruation, which can be the result of several different causes.
According the most common causes of primary amenorrhea, which is defined as the absence of menstruation in someone who has not had a period by age 15, relate to hormone levels. However, anatomical problems such as Turner Syndrome or Müllerian agenesis can also cause amenorrhea. It also suggests that amenorrhea can be caused by a change in function or problem with some part of the female reproductive system. Additionally, it states that there are certain times when a woman is not supposed to get her period, such as before puberty, during pregnancy and after menopause, which can also be causes of amenorrhea.
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the villi of the small intestine a. provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption. b. store fat-soluble vitamins. c. continuously push food through the small intestine to the colon. d. inactivate enzymes consumed with food.
The villi of the small intestine A: provides an enormous surface area to facilitate absorption".
The small intestine is lined with millions of small, finger-like projections called villi and microvilli, which greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine. This increased surface area allows for much more efficient absorption of nutrients from digested food.
The villi are lined with cells that absorb nutrients and transport them into the bloodstream. The microvilli, which are even smaller than the villi, also increase the surface area and are covered in enzymes that help break down food further. Together, the villi and microvilli create a vast surface area for absorption, that's around 300 square meters.
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Which plant hormone is known as STRESS HORMONE in plants ?
Abscisic Acid plant hormone is known as STRESS HORMONE in plants.
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone that plays a key role in crucial physiological processes in higher plants, including seed germination and dormancy regulation and response to abiotic stress.
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone found in plants that controls a variety of processes related to development, growth, and stress responses. Decreased cell dormancy or wilt phenotypes are seen in ABA-deficient mutants from a variety of plant species, demonstrating the conservation of these essential ABA functions in the plant kingdom.
As previously mentioned, target tissues receive ABA after it has been largely produced in circulatory tissues. This transport takes place in both the xylem and the phloem, enabling movement from roots and shoots in both directions.
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Abscisic Acid is the stress hormone in plants.As a result of adverse environmental situations like as dehydration, cold temperatures, or shorter day lengths, ABA accumulates. Plants, unlike mammals, cannot avoid potentially damaging situations such as drought, frost, exposure to salt water, or salinated soil, therefore ABA has a role in regulating plant adjustments to stress.
The majority of the water absorbed by a plant is dissipated as water vapour through the stomata. Low soil moisture increases ABA levels, which induces stomata to close, minimizing water loss. Abscisic acid activates the production of genes producing proteins that protects the cell from harm when they get dehydrated, both in seeds and in vegetative tissues. Another function of ABA is that it promotes the formation of winter buds by mediating the transformation of the apical meristem into a quiescent bud.
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describe the path of an oxygen molecule from the atmosphere to the mitochondria of cells where it is used.
Answer:
lungs
Explanation:
in dogs, coat variation is controlled by three genes as follows: the l allele for short hair is dominant over the l allele for long hair. the k allele for straight hair is dominant over the k allele for curly hair. the b allele for eyebrow patterns is dominant over the b allele for no eyebrows. to determine the genotype of a male dog with short straight hair and eyebrows, you testcross it to a female with long curly hair and no eyebrows. the eight puppies all have short hair and eyebrows, but four of the puppies have straight hair and four have curly hair. what is the genotype of the male?
Things like straight and curly hair and thick and thin brows are examples of alleles. Blonde and curly hair have different traits (color and type), and they are both influenced by various genes. Things like straight and curly hair and thick and thin brows are examples of alleles. A big nose and an oval face, on the other hand, are two unique features that are controlled by two different genes in males.
Disorders or inherited qualities are handed down through an animal's genetic code. The animal's lengthy DNA molecule, which is found in all of its cells, has this genetic information (see handout "Genetic Basics: Understanding DNA"). There are many genes in the DNA. An inherited trait is expressed via a gene, which is a specific DNA sequence.The gene, for instance, can affect a person's eye color, coat color, and other physical traits.The DNA is organized into a structure inside each cell called a chromosome. There are hundreds or thousands of distinct genes on each chromosome. Within a cell, chromosomes are present in pairs. Each gene is present in two copies in each cell (alleles).
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The diagram summarizes the events of the light reactions.
Energy is transferred from pigment to pigment inside of photosystem II when light is absorbed by one of the numerous pigments inside.
What is Photosystem?This process continues until the reaction center is reached. An electron's energy is raised there, where it is transmitted to P680. An acceptor molecule receives the high-energy electron, which is then exchanged for an electron from water.
We breathe in by saying O 2 start text, O, stop text, start subscript, 2, and end subscript synthesis of ATP. As it moves through an electron transport chain, the high-energy electron expends energy.
H, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript ions are pumped into the nucleus from the stroma by some of the energy generated.
Therefore, Energy is transferred from pigment to pigment inside of photosystem II when light is absorbed by one of the numerous pigments inside.
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contained in orderly arrays in the bones and teeth
The bones and teeth contain several orderly arrays. These include the collagen fibers, the hydroxyapatite crystals, and the organic matrix. Collagen fibers are the structural proteins that form the basic structure of bones and teeth.
They are responsible for providing strength and elasticity to the bones and teeth. Hydroxyapatite crystals are small mineral particles embedded in the organic matrix of bones and teeth. They provide the structure with resistance to deformation and help to maintain the hardness of the structure.
The organic matrix consists of cells, ground substance, and other molecules that fill in the spaces between the collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals. The cells in the organic matrix are responsible for the growth and repair of the bones and teeth.
The ground substance is a gel-like material that binds the cells and other molecules together while also providing a supportive environment for the cells. All of these components work together to form orderly arrays that give bones and teeth their strength and rigidity.
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The Teeth and bones both have several structured arrays. These consist of the organic matrix, hydroxyapatite crystals, and collagen fibres. The structural proteins known as collagen fibres are what give bones and teeth their fundamental structure.
They are in charge of giving the bones and teeth strength and flexibility. In the biological matrix of bones and teeth are tiny mineral particles called hydroxyapatite crystals. They aid to keep the structure's hardness in tact by giving it resistance to deformation.
The organic matrix, which fills the spaces between the collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals, is made up of cells, ground material, and other substances. The organic matrix's cells are in charge of maintaining and repairing the bones and teeth.
The ground substance is a gel-like substance that connects the cells and other molecules while also giving the cells a favourable environment.
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identify one specific hormone in the body, other than glucocorticoid. explain how disruption of the activity of the hormone you identified might upset a feedback mechanism in the body.
Identify one specific hormone in the body, other than glucocorticoid. explain how disruption of the activity of the hormone you identified might upset a feedback mechanism in the body. Estrogen or testosterone interfere with the messages for development of sex characteristics nad insulin prevents regulation of glucose levels in blood.
Estrogen itself has many beneficial effects on the body, including helping optimize the action of insulin that is the hormone that prevents high blood sugar levels. While High insulin levels can tell the ovaries to make more testosterone and can contribute symptoms of estrogen excess like sore breasts, fibroids.
We should balance insulin and estrogen by focus on eating because our whole foods to lower blood this can help reduce estrogen production. To moderate or decrease in serum estrogen levels that enhances the prevalence of insulin resistant states both in men and women.
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With three foods available, natural selection has favored flock , which has increased the most in the first three generations. meanwhile, flock has declined the most because its beak was the least successful phenotype for the food available.
Natural selection is a process in which organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than their less fit counterparts.
What is organism?Organism is a living thing that has a cellular structure and can grow, reproduce, and respond to its environment. It can be a single-celled organism such as bacteria, or a complex multicellular organism such as a human.
In this case, the three available foods have favored the flock, as the beak of this species is better suited to feed on the available food sources. As such, this species has been able to successfully reproduce and increase its numbers in the first three generations, while the other species have not been as successful and have thus seen a decrease in their numbers.
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Which of these endocrine glands produce hormones that work with the sympathetic nervous system and cause the "fight or flight" response?
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Pineal body
The correct option is B ; Adrenal glands produce hormones that work with the sympathetic nervous system and produce hormones "fight and flight" response.
It is a small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. Also called suprarenal gland. The adrenal glands are two triangular-shaped organs that measure about 1.5 inches in height and 3 inches in length. They are located on top of each kidney. Their name directly relates to their location.
Each adrenal gland is made up of two distinct parts:
The adrenal cortex is the outer part of the gland that produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which helps control blood pressure).
The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the gland that produces non essential (that is, we don’t need them to live) hormones, such as adrenaline (which helps our body react to stress).
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Activity 4
Directions: Perform the activity.
Materials:
Five flowers such as Gumamela, Santan, Yellow Bell Rose and ku-
mentang (or any available flowers, as much as possible there is
gumamela)
Procedure:
A. Carefully remove the sepals of the gumamela.
B. Open the flower and try to identify the parts.
C. Draw the respective parts of the gumamela flower on your
notebook in science.
D. Do the same with the other flowers.
E. Compare the gumamela with the other flowers.
Name of
Anther Fila-
Stigma Style Ovary Petal
Gumamela
Santan
Yellow bell
Rose
Kumentang
This comes in two varieties: A female flower, also known as a pistillate flower, is one that has no stamens. A flower without a pistil is referred to as a male flower, staminate flower, or a male flower.
Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels make up the majority of flowers' constituent parts. The flower's male and female parts are the stamens and carpels, respectively. The majority of flowers have both male and female parts, making them hermaphrodites. The primary reproductive organ of the plant is the flower. It has four whorls, and the pistil and corolla are located in two of the outer whorls. In order to draw pollinators, which aid in the transport of pollen, flowers are beautiful and come in a variety of colours and shapes.
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the reason why pestel is so popular is because needed data are always available and precisely measured. group of answer choices true false
The given statement, "The reason PESTEL is so popular is because needed data is always available and precisely measured," is false (F), because its popularity stems from its comprehensive approach.
PESTEL is a popular framework for analyzing the macro-environmental factors that can impact a business or organization. However, the availability and precision of data for each of the factors (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal) can vary greatly. For example, data on political stability or legal regulations may be readily available and precisely measured, while data on social trends or consumer behavior may be more difficult to obtain and less precise. The popularity of PESTEL likely stems from its comprehensive approach and ability to provide a broad overview of potential external factors that can impact a business, rather than solely relying on the availability and precision of data.
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A framework of thought in which human behavior is thought to be the result of natural selection and biology is known as _________
Sociobiology. The process through which populations of living things adapt and change is known as natural selection.
A population's members are naturally varied, which means that they are all distinctive in some ways. This variety indicates that some people have characteristics that are more environment-appropriate than others. The idea was straightforward but effective: those who are most adapted to their settings had a higher chance of surviving and procreating. There will inevitably be a selection of people with the most favourable variations as long as there is some variation between them and that variation is heritable. Natural selection was able to explain the evolution of life with such force that it was accepted as a scientific hypothesis. Since then, biologists have seen several instances of how natural selection affects evolution.
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A framework of thought in which human behaviour is thought to be the result of natural selection and biology is known as sociobiology.
social Darwinism, the principle that human companies and races are concern to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin perceived in vegetation and animals in nature.
natural selection is the technique thru which populations of residing organisms adapt and change. people in a populace are certainly variable, meaning that they may be all exclusive in a few ways. this variation way that a few people have trends higher applicable to the environment than others.
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as a result of stress, the anterior pituitary releases ________, which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar, and begin breaking down fats.
Long-term stress causes the endocrine function to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn triggers the pituitary gland to release corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.
This phase of the stress response is initiated by the hypothalamus, which also releases a hormone known CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone). The release of ACTH, a different hormone, is triggered by this hormone (adrenocorticotropic hormone). While the anterior pituitary gland gland ACTH, the hypothalamus secretes CRH. The anterior pituitary's corticotrophs are stimulated by the hypothalamus's production of CRH to release corticotrophin as well as ACTH into the bloodstream. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is produced by the brain, causes the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The adrenal glands are then stimulated by ACTH to produce & release cortisol chemicals into the bloodstream.
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which of the following is an example of an ecosystem? question 19 options: the system of plants, animals, fungi, and other organisms in a lake interacting with each other and with the water, soil, and other nonliving components of their environment. all of the plants found in a particular type of forest that is found in a particular region. all the system of interactions between all of the animals found in a particular tropical forest. all of the plants and animals that live in a particular region, regardless of whether they interact with each other within that environment. all of the living organisms on earth and the wide range of environments that support these diverse species.
the system of plants, animals, fungi, and other organisms in a lake interacting with each other and with the water, soil, and other nonliving components of their environment is an example of an ecosystem.
The quick response is, tremendously diversified! Ecosystems can differ in almost every conceivable biotic or abiotic trait, in addition to size.
There are ecosystems that are marine, freshwater, and terrestrial (found on land). Since the oceans and the living things they support cover 75% of the planet's surface, ocean ecosystems are the most prevalent on the planet. Only 1.8% of the surface of the Earth is covered by freshwater environments, making them the rarest. The remaining portion of the planet is covered by terrestrial ecosystems.
Based mostly on climate, terrestrial ecosystems can be further divided into broad divisions known as biomes. Tropical rain forests, savannas, deserts, coniferous forests, deciduous forests, and tundra are a few examples of terrestrial biomes. The map below demonstrates how many different biomes there are on Earth.
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PLS HELPP
What part of the cell membrane helps a cell communicate with other.
A) Phosphate heads
B) Fatty acids tails
C) Cholesterol
D) Glycoproteins
Answer: D. Glycoproteins
Explanation: In cell-cell recognition, receptors on the cell surface of one cell bind to glycoproteins on the cell surface of another cell, allowing the two cells to communicate.
All steroid hormones are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine.a. Trueb. False
False. The bulk of steroid hormones (lipid-soluble), such as testosterone and estrogen, will be generated from cholesterol molecules, although other water-soluble hormones, such as thyroid hormone and some catecholamines, are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine.
The gonads and adrenal glands typically generate the natural steroid hormones from cholesterol. Lipids are the hormones in these forms. Since they are fat-soluble, they can cross cell membranes and then bind to nuclear or cytosolic steroid hormone receptors, depending on the steroid hormone, to cause cellular changes. The majority of steroid hormones are carried in the blood, attached to particular carrier proteins like corticosteroid-binding globulin or sex hormone-binding globulin. In the liver, various "peripheral" tissues, and the target tissues, further conversions and catabolism take place.
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It is false that All steroid hormones are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine.
The organic compound with both an amino (-NH2) and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group is an amino acid. One of the cell's 20 amino acids is tyrosine. Tyrosine is a hormone precursor and is non-essential, meaning that the body can synthesize it on its own.
It is not true. Although the amino acid tyrosine is used to make some hormones that dissolve in water, like thyroid hormone and some catecholamines, the majority of steroid hormones that dissolve in lipids, like testosterone and estrogen, are made from cholesterol molecules.
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which plant structure is most involved in photosynthesis?
a. a stem or trunk
b. branches
c. leaves
d. reproductive structures
c. leaves. The leaf is the component of the plant that contributes most to photosynthesis. Their architecture and cells are tailored to absorb light and permit gas exchange with the surrounding atmosphere.
A minor percentage of photosynthesis occurs in the stems and is both a light independent and light dependent process that mostly occurs in the leaves. In the presence of sunshine, plants manufacture food through a process called photosynthesis. Usually, leaves are where this process takes place. Some plants use modified plant components including roots, stems, petioles, etc. to perform photosynthesis. In opuntia, the photosynthetic organ is the stem.
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What cell parts are common to all of these cells? Cheek Cells Elodea Spirogyra Chlamydomonas
Answer:
Elodea
Explanation:
They are correct.
A strange experiment can help to show the differences between scar tissue and normal skin tissue. If you were to throw flour on the man in the photo, the flour would stick to the man's chest everywhere but on his scar. Give a possible explanation for this.
A strange experiment can help to show the differences between scar tissue and normal skin tissue. If you were to throw flour on the man in the photo, the flour would stick to the man's chest everywhere but on his scar and a possible explanation for this is the collagen present on the surface.
What is Collagen?This is referred to as the main structural protein in the body's various connective tissues and it helps to make tissues strong and resilient, able to withstand stretching.
In injuries, it is present and coils itself tightly so as to prevent foreign substances from sticking to prevent blood loss and infection which is why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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Farmer Joe ha black chicken and purchae a white rooter. Black and white gene in chicken are codominant. Draw Punnett quare to predict the offpring of the black chicken and white rooter.
Ue capital "B" for black and capital "W" for white.
1.) What i the genotype of the black chicken?
________________
2.) What i the genotype of the rooter?
_________________
3-4-5.) Genotypic ratio: BB:__ BW:__ WW__
6-7-8.) Phenotypic ratio: Black :___ Black and White:__ White__
9.) If Farmer Joe wanted HALF of the chicken offpring to be black and HALF of the chicken offpring to be Black AND White, what genotype would the rooter have to be that he purchaed? ___________
The dominant phenotype would manifest in a chicken with such a heterozygous dominant genotype(gene) (Aa) (black feathers).
The recessive phenotype would manifest in a chicken with the homozygous recessive genotype (aa). The feather colour gene in certain hens is regulated by codominance. White feathers have the gene W, whereas black feathers have the allele B. Erminette is the name given to the polygenic genotype. 39 pairs make up a chicken. Genotype: An organism's genetic make-up. The visible physical or chemical traits of an upper portion from its genotype are called its phenotype. The body form, feather colour, eye colour, kind of comb, and other characteristics are examples of phenotypes in chickens. The genotypes AA, Aa, and aa are all conceivable in a population that has two alleles (A and a) at locus A.
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colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. suppose a colorblind male and a female with no recessive alleles for colorblindness have children. what is the probability they will have a colorblind son? a colorblind daughter? explain each case.
There is a 50% probability that each daughter will be colorblind and a 50% chance that she will carry the gene.
Based on these findings, we would predict that 50% of their sons would have red-green color blindness, whereas none of their daughters would (although 50% of these daughters would be carriers for the allele).
A newborn typically has two X chromosomes (XX), while a male has one X and one Y chromosome (XY). However, a kid with Klinefelter syndrome is born with an additional copy of the X chromosome (XXY). The X chromosome, which is found in everyone, is not a "feminine" chromosome. A Y chromosome indicates that the person is a guy.
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The probability of having a colorblind son and colorblind daughter will be 0% and 0% respectively for both.
Colorblindness is a recessive X linked disease. Since males have only one X chromosomes, they are hemizygous for the disease and they show symptoms if the recessive allele is present on the single chromosome.
In the given question, male is colorblind([tex]X^{c} Y^[/tex]), which means he carries the recessive gene for the disease and the female has no recessive alleles (XX). Since male offspring receives X chromosome from the mother therefore, no male child will carry the gene and hence probability is 0%. And since every female child receives one X chromosome from the father, therefore all the females will be carrier but will not suffer from the disease.
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which type of cell division reduces the quantity or total mass of dna in a cell compared to the parent cell in g2? select all that apply.
The type of cell division reduces the quantity or total mass of dna in a cell compared to the parent cell in G2 is meiosis.
Cell division is a process when a cell divides into two or more. Cell division is carried out for reproduction or self-multiplication in unicellular living things as well as for cell growth and repair for other living things such as humans, animals and plants. The process of cell division is divided into three types namely amitosis, mitosis, and meiosis.
Meiosis is the division to produce gametes, namely ova and sperm. Meiosis will produce 4 daughter cells that have half the chromosomes of the parent cell. The number of chromosomes owned by daughter cells is n or is called haploid. Therefore, meiotic division is called reduction division because it reduces the total DNA of the cell compared to its parent in the G2 phase, namely before cell division where the cell prepares the enzymes and proteins needed for cell division.
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In which structure is all the genetic information of an organism found?
A. DNA
B. gene
C. codon
D. protein
Answer: DNA
Explanation: DNA is pivotal to our growth, reproduction, and health.
Isidro visits the same park every week. The park has lots of different rock formations. How does the rock at the park change from week to week?
O The rock might change if it is the right season
The rock is not likely to change very much. Most rock transformation processes happen very slowly.
O The rock will not change at all. Rock just stays as it is.
O The rock will probably change a lot. Rock is always changing and transforming.
Isidro will observe that (c) The rock does not change at all.
Sedimentary rocks cannot be created from the components of igneous rock. Isidro makes a weekly trip to the same park. Numerous unique rock formations may be seen throughout the park. Nothing will alter the rock in any way.
Sedimentary and igneous rock is transformed into metamorphic rock inside the Earth by heat, pressure, and melting. Strong heating causes hot liquid rock (magma) to break through the Earth's surface and solidify as igneous rock.
This rock is worn and eroded throughout time, restarting the cycle. Rocks of various sorts are produced by energy from various sources. Energy from the sun weathers rocks into smaller bits while energy from the Earth melts rock into liquid form.
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It's unlikely that the rock will change very much. In most cases, the alteration of rocks proceeds quite slowly. Therefore, the correct option is “The rock is not likely to change very much”. The rock cycle describes how rocks change from one form to another.
Rocks of all sizes and forms can be found all around us. Rocks are always changing with time and never stay the same. A fundamental idea in geology known as the "rock cycle" describes the lengthy changes that occur over the course of geologic time. Rocks continually undergo a variety of chemical and physical reactions as well as recycling. There are three basic sorts of rocks. As an igneous rock forms as molten lava cools, for instance.
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The process of converting the instructions from Nucleic Acid "language" to protein "language"
The process of converting the instructions from Nucleic Acid "language" to protein "language" is called Translation.
The translation is the process of switching from the language of proteins to the languages of nucleic acids (nucleotides) (amino acids). The process by which the protein strand is created from the mRNA molecule is known as translation.
The process by which information contained in mrna Molecule (mRNA) guides the addition of peptide acids during polypeptide synthesis is known as translation in the context of genomics.
A cell must first translocate material from DNA to mRNA through transcription in order to produce protein molecules. This mRNA is then used as a blueprint for protein assembly during a process known as translation.
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The process of converting the instructions from Nucleic Acid "language" to protein "language" is called Translation. The translation is the process of switching from the language of proteins.
to the languages of nucleic acids (nucleotides) (amino acids). The process by which the protein strand is created from the mRNA molecule is known as translation.The process by which information contained in mrna Molecule (mRNA) guides the addition of peptide acids during polypeptide synthesis is known as translation in the context of genomics. A cell must first translocate material from DNA to mRNA through transcription in order to produce protein molecules. This mRNA is then used as a blueprint for protein assembly during a process known as translation.The translation is the process of switching from the language of proteins.
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Q. 1 Look at the forearms of the following animals. They all have the same bones, but they have evolved over time to possibly fulfill a different function or purpose. Use one of the organisms below to give an example of how its limb differs in function from the human forearm.
Q. 2 Look at the comparative embryology diagram in the PowerPoint. Do all of these organisms share a common ancestor? Choose two organisms that you would infer share a more recent common ancestor. Choose two organisms that you think share an ancestor from much further back in time…a very ancient ancestor. Explain your selections.
1) The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, which is most commonly used to denote the entire upper limb appendage but technically only refers to the upper arm area, whereas the lower "arm" is termed the forearm. Note that the Bat's forearm is used to flap it's wings. This is significantly different from how the human forearm is used.
2) i) Yes, they all share a common ancestor.
ii ) All of the creatures you mentioned, including humans, turtles, bats, and whales, had a common ancestor in the animal kingdom. They are all vertebrates, which means they have a backbone and an internal skeleton, and they are all members of the superphylum Deuterostomia. The evolutionary path that led to each of these species branching from a shared ancestor, however, would be distinct.
For example, bats and whales have a common ancestor that is distinct from humans and turtles.
The three-domain concept established by Carl Woese in 1990 is the tree of life that most taxonomists now accept.
The initial, most ancient, and most fundamental division of the tree of life, according to this, is into three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Archaea are ancient single-celled creatures that were formerly thought to live solely in harsh environments such as salt lakes, but are now known to be exceedingly ubiquitous.
However, it turns out that global shared ancestry has never been thoroughly investigated. Instead, the scientific community has universally accepted it to be accurate.
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to change the activity of a cell, polar regulatory molecules use special proteins that travel between receptors and effector cells, like enzymes or ion channels. these proteins, which activate the enzymes or open/close the ion channels are called:
The sort of membrane protein that is engaged with passing particles and polar particles across the film is a vehicle protein. There are two sorts of transport proteins that do this, protein siphons and channel proteins.
In work with transport, likewise called worked with dissemination, the material gets across the plasma layer with the help of transmembrane proteins down a fixation slope (from high to low focus) without the consumption of cell energy.
Worked with dissemination, in this manner, permits polar and charged particles, like starches, amino acids, nucleosides, and particles, to cross the plasma layer. Two classes of proteins that intercede work with dissemination are for the most part recognized: transporter proteins and channel proteins.
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A vehicle protein is a type of membrane protein that interacts with passing particles and polar particles as they travel across the film. Protein syphons and channel proteins are the two types of transport proteins that carry out this function.
Worked-with transport, also known as worked-with dispersal, involves the movement of material down a fixation slope (from high to low focus) through the plasma layer without the use of cell energy, assisted by transmembrane proteins.
The plasma layer can be crossed by polar and charged particles such as starches, amino acids, nucleosides, and particles when dispersion is used in this way. Most commonly, transporter proteins and channel proteins are the two groups of proteins that interfere with dispersion.
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the rate of firing of the postsynaptic neuron depends on the amount of what type of input? group of answer choices both excitation and inhibition excitation only inhibition only equalization
the rate of firing of the postsynaptic neuron depends on the amount of both excitation and inhibition
A postsynaptic neuron is a neuron that receives signals from other neurons at specialized structures called synapses. Synapses are the site of communication between neurons, where one neuron (the presynaptic neuron) releases chemical neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron can either excite or inhibit the neuron, altering the likelihood that it will fire an action potential. The postsynaptic neuron then integrates the incoming signals from multiple.
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Through a combination of fertility rate and decreased poverty levels, a population's energy use is growing exponentially 1% per year. How many years until the energy use doubles?
Through a combination of fertility rate and decreased poverty levels, a population's energy use is growing exponentially 1% per year. In 69.3 years the energy use will double.
The energy use includes electricity, but it also includes other areas of consumption like transport, heating and cooking. There are so many uses of energy, like- Heating and cooling the homes, lighting office buildings and home, driving the cars and moving the freight, and manufacturing the products that we usually rely on in our daily lives.
The energy consumption in the production and the disposal of packaging material is a more efficient and indirect impact on the environment. During the production of energy, many resources are ultimately consumed from nature.
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Through a combination of fertility rate and decreased poverty levels, a population's energy use is growing exponentially by 1% per year. There are 69.3 years until the energy use doubles.
The total number of children a woman bears during her lifetime's reproductive period (between 15 and 49) is known as her fertility rate. Wealth, education, income, male and female aging, region, and social class all have an impact on the fertility rate.
The country's income has been found to be one of the most significant influences on population growth and fertility rates in recent studies. The fertility rate was found to be lowest in developed and upper-income nations, while it was higher in developing and lower-income nations.
t= 0.693/rate = 0.693/0.01 = 69.3 years
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what is the primary substance contained in the organic portion of bone tissue?
Collagen and ground substance are organic components of the bone matrix. Collagen and ground substance make up about 25% of bone mass. However, collagen is the most important organic component. Type I collagen, which is synthesized by osteoblasts and osteocytes, accounts for approximately 90% of the organic component of the bone matrix.
The ground substance is the bone matrix's nonfibrillar organic component that occupies the space between the collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals. Glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans are found in the ground substance of bone matrix. The organic component of the bone matrix aids in tension opposition, while the inorganic component aids in compression opposition.
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Type 1 collagen is the primary substance contained in the organic portion of bone tissue.
The bone matrix's inorganic component is dreamed up of salt crystals, the majority of which are calcium phosphate. In order to create crystals of hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate ions and calcium hydroxide interact. During the calcification process, more salts and ions are incorporated into the crystals.
Bone is a living, developing tissue primarily composed of collagen. Calcium phosphate is a material that gives the structure strength and hardens it, and collagen is a polymer that offers a flexible framework. Collagen and calcium work together to produce bone flexible and strong enough to endure stress.
Because the inorganic phase is more powerful in compression than tension, cortical and trabecular bones are both stronger in compression than tension. the ductility and flexibility of the organic phase.
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