all of the following orders must be retained as a record by broker-dealers except: a executed orders b unexecuted orders c canceled orders d subscription orders

PESTEL analysis is a strategic management tool that provides a comprehensive framework to analyze different external factors that could have an impact on a company.

The two PESTEL components that have or could impact Apple's strategy are as follows:

1. Economic factors:Apple is known to be one of the most valuable companies in the world. The global economic downturn due to the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Apple's sales.

The impact of the pandemic could further lead to a recession, which would negatively affect Apple's sales and growth prospects. If people's income decreases, they may not be able to afford Apple products.

2. Technological factors:Apple is known for its innovative products and services. Technological advancements can impact the way Apple operates. The emergence of new technology can be an opportunity or a threat to Apple. Apple has to adapt to new technologies and continue to innovate to remain competitive.

For instance, the development of artificial intelligence can provide new opportunities for Apple to offer new products or services.

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The present value of the stream of cash flows, which includes a $1000 initial deposit followed by $100 deposits at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, can be calculated using the concept of present-value.

The present value (PV) of each cash flow is determined by discounting it back to its present-day value using the interest rate. In this case, the interest rate is 6% or 0.06. By discounting each cash flow, we can calculate their present values and then sum them up. The present value of the $1000 initial deposit is $1000, as it is not affected by the passage of time. For the subsequent deposits of $100 at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, we need to calculate their present values by dividing each cash flow by (1 + 0.06) raised to the power of the respective number of years. By summing up the present values of all the cash flows, we can determine the total present value of the stream of cash flows, representing its value in today's dollars.

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The Surf's Up issues 1,000 shares of 6%,$100 par value preferred stock at the beginning of 2020. All remaining shares are common stock. The company was not able to pay dividends in 2020, but plans to pay dividends of $18.000 in 2021.

Assuming the preferred stock is cumulative. how much of the $18.000 dividend will be paid to preferred stockholders and how much will be paid to common stockholders in 2021?

Given, The Surf's Up issues 1,000 shares of 6%,$100 par value preferred stock at the beginning of 2020. All remaining shares are common stock. The company was not able to pay dividends in 2020, but plans to pay dividends of $18.000 in 2021. Assuming the preferred stock is cumulative.

To calculate the amount of dividend paid to preferred stockholders and common stockholders in 2021, we first need to find the dividend for preferred stockholders before the dividend for common stockholders is calculated.

As preferred stocks are cumulative, preferred stockholders receive unpaid dividends from previous years in addition to current year dividends.

Before the dividend for common stockholders is calculated, the preferred stockholders must receive the unpaid dividend from the previous year, which was not paid.

Dividend for preferred stockholders= (Number of preferred shares × Par value per share × Dividend rate) + (Amount of unpaid dividends)1000 × $100 × 6% + 0 = $6,000.

The dividend to be paid to preferred stockholders is $6,000.

Therefore, the amount of dividend to be paid to common stockholders is: $18,000 − $6,000 = $12,000.

Hence, preferred stockholders will be paid $6,000 and common stockholders will be paid $12,000.

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Governments worry about monopolies like Amazon due to their negative impact on competition, innovation, and consumer choice. Monopolistic control over pricing and market access raises concerns about fair competition and consumer welfare.

Monopoly refers to a situation where a single company dominates a particular market or industry, often resulting in limited or no competition. Governments are concerned about monopolies because they can lead to various negative consequences.

By having exclusive control over the market, a monopolistic company can potentially abuse its power, such as by setting high prices, restricting consumer choice, suppressing innovation, and impeding the entry of new competitors.

These actions can harm market dynamics, hinder fair competition, and negatively impact both consumers and other businesses operating in the industry.

Therefore, governments intervene to address monopolistic practices and promote a more competitive marketplace.

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The journal entry to record the sale would include: D. Debit to Cash for $100.

The company received a total of $113, but $13 of that amount is specifically for HST (harmonized sales tax), which the company collects on behalf of the government. The company will record the actual cash received, which is $100 ($113 - $13), as a debit to the Cash account. This reflects the increase in the company's cash balance. The HST portion will be recorded separately in the appropriate accounts.

A company is an organization that engages in business activities with the aim of generating profit. It is a legal entity separate from its owners, known as shareholders or stockholders, and is formed through a process of incorporation. Companies can be of various types, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies (LLCs), and corporations.

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ANSWER: r rises by 19 percentage points if I rises by 1000.

"I falls by 1000 and r rises by 19 percentage points."

Given Y = 5,000

C = 500 + 0.5(Y - T)

I = 2,000 - 100r

I' = 3,000 - 100r'

G = 1,000

T = 1,000

Let's first calculate the value of C Substitute the values in the given equation

C = 500 + 0.5(Y - T)

C = 500 + 0.5(5,000 - 1,000)

C = 500 + 0.5(4,000)

C = 500 + 2,000C = 2,500

Now let's calculate the value of I using the initial investment functionI = 2,000 - 100r

I = 2,000 - 100(r = 0) [r = 0 because the initial value of r is not given]

I = 2,000 And the value of r cannot be determined without its initial value.

Now, we will use the new investment function I' = 3,000 - 100r'

To find the change in I if r rises by 10 percentage points,

substitute r = r' + 10I' = 3,000 - 100r

'I' = 3,000 - 100(r + 10)I' = 3,000 - 100r - 1,000

I' = 2,000 - 100r

Therefore, I falls by 1000.Now to find the change in r if I rises by 1000,

substitute I = 3,000 - 100rI + 1,000

I = 3,000 - 100r(I + 1,000)/100

I = 30 - r/100r/100

I = 30 - (I + 1,000)/100

r = 2,900 - I/100

r = 2,900 - 1,000/100

r = 1,900/100

r = 19

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a) Determination of equilibrium price and quantity

The equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity can be determined by equating demand and supply. [tex]Qd=Qs200-P=-60+2P200+60=2P+P260=3P P=86.67[/tex]

Therefore, the equilibrium price is $86.67.Then, [tex]Qd=200-P=200-86.67=113.33units[/tex]

Thus, the equilibrium quantity is 113.33 units.

b) The demand and supply curves can be constructed as follows : Graphical Representation of the equilibrium price and quantity can be obtained as shown below:

c) Calculation of consumer surplus and producer surplus

The producer surplus is given by the difference between the price at which the product is sold and the minimum price at which the producer would be willing to sell the product.

The consumer surplus is given by the difference between the price at which the product is sold and the maximum price at which the consumers would be willing to purchase the product.

Producer surplus=[tex]($86.67−$20)×113.33=$7289.32[/tex]

Consumer surplus[tex]($100−$86.67)×113.33=$1519.99[/tex]

d) Quantity demanded and quantity supplied, supposing General Swag fixed the price of i Mango at $40

Quantity demanded :[tex]Qd=200-P=200-40=160 units[/tex]

Quantity supplied : [tex]Qs=60+2P=60+2(40)=140 units[/tex]

The quantity demanded is 160 units and the quantity supplied is 140 units.

e) The effect of General Swag's policy can be shown as: The area B and C represents the deadweight loss.

f) Calculation of deadweight loss

The deadweight loss is given by the difference between the producer surplus and consumer surplus.

Deadweight loss[tex]=$7289.32-$1519.99=$5769.33.[/tex]

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The probability that the length of the golden trout is 31 centimeters or less is 0.9332.

The given data:

Mean = μ = 30 centimeters

Standard deviation = σ = 1.4 centimeters

The given distribution is normal distribution which is generally represented as,

N(μ,σ)

Where, μ is the mean of the distribution and σ is the standard deviation of the distribution.

Now we have to find the probability that the length of the golden trout is 31 centimeters or less.

To find the probability, we will standardize the value x = 31 by using the formula of z-score.

z-score formula is given as,

z = (x - μ) / σ

Where,

z is the z-score

x is the value of the random variable

μ is the mean of the population

σ is the standard deviation of the population

By substituting the given values, we get

z = (31 - 30) / 1.4z = 0.71

Now, we have to find the probability of the random variable x is less than or equal to 31, which means we have to find P(x ≤ 31)

We can also write this in terms of z-score, which is P(z ≤ 0.71)

Now, we will find this probability from the standard normal distribution table.

Standard Normal Distribution Table:

The standard normal distribution table is given below:

Calculation:

P(z ≤ 0.71) = 0.7580

We can also write this in percentage form, which is 75.80%.

Therefore, the probability that the length of the golden trout is 31 centimeters or less is 0.9332.

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The market structure is described by the ease with which firms can enter and exit the market, the ability of firms to differentiate their product and the number of firms in the market. Hence, the correct option is D. All of the above. Market structure is defined as the organisational and other related characteristics of a market.

It is also defined as the degree to which companies in an industry can compete with one another. A market structure is essential in determining the degree and forms of competition that exist in a market. The market structure in the industry determines how companies behave and compete with each other.

In the study of market structure, some of the important factors that are considered include the nature of the product, number of sellers, ease of entry or exit, availability of substitutes, and the market's level of concentration. All of these factors play an important role in determining the nature and extent of competition that exists in the market.

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The present worth of the after-tax cash flow for the equipment is approximately $1,329,362.44.

Depreciation Expense = (Cost of the crane - Salvage value) / Useful life

= ($1,125,000 - $147,000) / 25 years

= $42,720 per year

Taxable Income = Rental Income - Depreciation Expense

 = $195,000 - $42,720

 = $152,280

Since the total taxable income each year is between $10 million and $15 million, we'll assume a flat tax rate of 21%.

Income Tax Expense = Taxable Income * Tax Rate

= $152,280 * 0.21

= $31,979.80

After-Tax Cash Flow = Rental Income - Income Tax Expense

= $195,000 - $31,979.80

= $163,020.20

Determine the present worth of the after-tax cash flow-

MIRR = (Future Value of Cash Inflows / Present Value of Cash Outflows)^(1/n) - 1

Present Value of Cash Outflows = Cost of the crane = $1,125,000

Future Value of Cash Inflows = Sum of the after-tax cash flow for 25 years

= $163,020.20 * ((1 + 0.15)^25 - 1) / 0.15

= $7,174,577.23

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The multinational companies Walmart, Kit Kat, P&G, McDonald's, and Dell have adopted international strategies. Global strategy is an approach to product development and marketing that considers the whole world as a single market and sells the same product in the same manner across all geographical regions.

When compared to a localized approach that concentrates on local markets, this is more expensive, but it is also more profitable. A global strategy would include standardizing a company's product offering, distribution channels, and advertising methods across the globe. Of all the firms mentioned in the report, Walmart appears to be following a global strategy.

Walmart is the world's biggest retail company, with over 11,000 locations in 27 countries. Walmart is a well-known brand worldwide, and its retail approach and operating style are similar across the globe.

Walmart's standardized global approach has enabled it to reduce operating expenses, decrease time to market, and achieve efficiency and consistency in its operations across various markets. Walmart was a latecomer to China, having only established a foothold there in the 1990s.

Walmart began by establishing relationships with local vendors in China and providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills to improve their production capabilities. Walmart now operates 432 stores in China and is one of the country's biggest supermarket chains.  

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Purchasing power parity (PPP) does not hold due to various reasons. One of the reasons is that not all goods are traded, which is answer choice (a). This means that the prices of non-traded goods can differ across countries, affecting the overall PPP.

Another reason why PPP does not hold is the influence of shipping costs, as mentioned in answer choice (b). Shipping costs can vary depending on the distance between countries and the transportation methods used. These costs can affect the final price of goods, leading to differences in exchange rates.
Import taxes or restrictions, as stated in answer choice (c), also play a role in why PPP may not hold. Governments often impose tariffs or quotas on imported goods, which can alter their prices and distort the exchange rates between countries.
In summary, all of the above factors (not all goods being traded, shipping costs, and import taxes/restrictions) contribute to why purchasing power parity does not always hold. These factors introduce variations in prices across countries, affecting the relationship between exchange rates and the purchasing power of different currencies.

Hence Option a is correct.

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Yes, I agree with Daniel's explanation to the Managing director, Paul, regarding the treatment of the above payment of $62,500.

The company should recognize the payment of $62,500 on 1 June 2022 and 30 June 2022 as per the guidelines of the conceptual framework. According to the conceptual framework, a liability is a present obligation of the entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of economic resources.

In the given case, Rhino Limited has an obligation to pay rent of $12,500 per month for two years and two months' rent in advance as per the agreed terms. As a result, the company must record a liability of

$3,12,500 (25*12,500), of which $1,87,500.

However, the payment of $62,500 should not be expensed to the statement of profit and loss account at the time of payment, as it does not fulfill the definition of an expense, which is a decrease in economic benefits that results in a decrease in equity (other than those arising from distributions to owners).

It should instead be recorded as a prepaid rent expense in the balance sheet until it is amortized over the period of the lease, the company should record a prepaid rent expense of $62,500 on 1 June 2022 and then recognize the monthly rent expense of $12,500 and $10,000.

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Yes, the federal government should raise the minimum wage in order to provide a living wage for workers. The current minimum wage of $7.25 per hour has been in place since 2009, and it is no longer enough to cover basic living expenses
However, increasing the minimum wage would also have an impact on businesses and consumers. Businesses that employ minimum wage workers would see an increase in their labor costs, which could lead to higher prices for goods and services. Consumers would likely have to pay more for these goods and services, which could lead to a decrease in demand.

Additionally, there are other factors to consider if wages are raised. For example, some argue that raising the minimum wage could lead to job loss, as businesses may be forced to cut back on staff in order to offset the increased labor costs. Others argue that raising the minimum wage could lead to increased automation, as businesses look for ways to reduce their labor costs.
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X2 issued callable bonds on January 1, 2021. The bonds pay interest annually. X2 issued the bonds at a premium.What are callable bonds?

Callable bonds are fixed-income securities that include an embedded call option that allows the issuer to repurchase or call back the bond before the bond's maturity date. In this case, the issuer, X2, has the right to repurchase the bond before the maturity date.Callable bonds come with a yield advantage.

This is because of the uncertainty of the bond's future cash flows when the call option is exercised before the maturity date.The price of callable bonds may differ from that of the bond's face value. The price difference depends on the prevailing market conditions during the bond's issuance.

Callable bonds may be issued at a discount or a premium. The opposite is also true: when interest rates are high, bond issuers must offer lower coupon payments to entice buyers, and bonds may be issued at a discount. In conclusion, X2 issued callable bonds at a premium.

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The direct material price variance is $4,200 unfavorable, and the direct material quantity variance is $3,600 favorable.

The direct material price variance is calculated by multiplying the difference between the actual price and the standard price by the actual quantity purchased. In this case, the direct material price variance is ($0.47 - $0.45) x 210,000 ounces = $4,200 unfavorable.

The direct material quantity variance is calculated by multiplying the difference between the actual quantity used and the standard quantity by the standard price. Here, the direct material quantity variance is (207,000 - (1,800 x 120)) x $0.45 = $3,600 favorable. The unfavorable price variance suggests that the company paid more per ounce than the standard cost, while the favorable quantity variance indicates that the company used fewer ounces than expected to produce the units.

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The ongoing search by savers for high returns leads the bond and stock markets to direct funds to the uses that appear most likely to be productive.

When savers are seeking high returns on their investments, they look for opportunities that offer the greatest potential for profitability. As a result, the bond and stock markets play a crucial role in allocating funds to investments that are perceived to have a higher likelihood of generating productive returns.

In these markets, investors assess various investment options and allocate their funds based on their perceived level of productivity. They aim to invest in assets or projects that have the potential to generate significant returns on their investment, whether it be through interest payments on bonds or dividends and capital appreciation in the stock market.

While there is always some degree of risk associated with investments, savers are generally willing to accept a certain level of risk in pursuit of higher returns. Therefore, the bond and stock markets direct funds to investments that are considered most likely to be productive, offering a balance between risk and potential reward.

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The given statement "The total of income plus capital gains earned on an investment is known as the return" is a true statement.

Want to know more about income and capital gains? Income is money earned from wages, salary, tips, interest on savings accounts, dividends on investments, rental income, and royalties on creative work. Capital gains, on the other hand, are earnings made by selling capital assets. It is the amount by which the price of an asset increases from the time of purchase to the time of sale. For example, if you purchased a stock for $100 and sold it for $150, your capital gain is $50.The total of income plus capital gains earned on an investment is known as the return. It is the total amount of money received on an investment. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the original investment. A higher return usually indicates a higher risk involved in an investment.

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Based on the data presented, it would be advisable for Stowe Construction Company to lease the machinery rather than sell it. The lease option provides a higher net cash flow over the 5-year period, which makes it more financially favorable.

To determine whether Stowe Construction Company should lease or sell the excess machinery, we need to compare the differential costs and revenues associated with each alternative.

Here is a step-by-step analysis to determine the most advisable option:

1. Calculate the proceeds from selling the machinery:
  - The selling price is $276,800.
  - Subtract the 5% brokerage commission: $276,800 - (5% * $276,800) = $262,960.

2. Calculate the lease payments over 5 years:
  - The total lease payment is $286,600.

3. Calculate the cost of repairs, insurance, and property tax expenses over 5 years:
  - The expenses are $12,000 per year.
  - Multiply by 5 years: $12,000 * 5 = $60,000.

4. Calculate the net cash flow for each alternative:
  - For the sale option: Net cash flow = Proceeds from selling - Cost of repairs, insurance, and property tax expenses
  - For the lease option: Net cash flow = Lease payments - Cost of repairs, insurance, and property tax expenses

  Net cash flow for the sale option: $262,960 - $60,000 = $202,960
  Net cash flow for the lease option: $286,600 - $60,000 = $226,600

5. Compare the net cash flows:
  - The lease option has a higher net cash flow of $226,600 compared to $202,960 for the sale option.

Based on the data presented, it would be advisable for Stowe Construction Company to lease the machinery rather than sell it. The lease option provides a higher net cash flow over the 5-year period, which makes it more financially favorable. However, it's important to consider other factors such as future equipment needs and the potential for technological advancements before making a final decision.

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(a) Market value ratios of Bakem Microfinance:(i) Earnings per share (EPS):EPS = (Net Income - Dividends)/ Number of sharesEPS = (1,500,000 - 340,000)/200,000 = 7.8

(ii) Dividend per share (DPS):DPS = Dividends / Number of sharesDPS = 340,000/200,000 = 1.7

(iii) Dividend payout ratio:Dividend payout ratio = Dividends/Net IncomeDividend payout ratio = 340,000/1,500,000 = 0.23(iv) Retention ratio:Retention ratio = (Net Income - Dividends)/Net IncomeRetention ratio = (1,500,000 - 340,000)/1,500,000 = 0.77

(b) Calculation of the value of a 3.5% coupon bond:Let P be the price of the bond. Then:PV of the bond's cash flows = P*(1 - 1/(1+r)n)/r + FV/(1+r)nPV of the bond's cash flows = 35*(1 - 1/(1+0.1)10)/0.1 + 1000/(1+0.1)10PV of the bond's cash flows = 787.39 + 386.97 = 1174.36The value of the bond is $1174.36.

(a) Expected returns of the portfolio: Let P be the portfolio containing Kiscrian Lad.

Then:[tex]wP, = w1R1 + w2R2E(Rp) = w1E(R1) + w2E(R2) = (0.04 * 12) + (0.06 * 100) = 6.16%[/tex]

Expected returns of the portfolio are 6.16%

(b) Portfolio Beta:

[tex]βp = w1β1 + w2β2βp = (0.04 * 69) + (0.06 * 12) = 5.16[/tex]

Expected portfolio beta is 5.16.

(c)

Comments on risk profile of Kiverian Management Limited with respect to the market:Kiverian Management Limited is exposed to market risks, but this risk can be hedged against by investing in the assets with negative correlation coefficients with the market.(d) Whether Diana has adopted the right investment strategy:Yes, Diana's investment strategy is right because she is diversifying her income by investing in different assets with low correlation coefficients, therefore reducing the risk of her portfolio.

(e) Comment on the statement and key risks associated with shares:Shares are risky investments because they are volatile and their value is affected by many factors such as market trends, company earnings, economic conditions, etc. Therefore, investors must be prepared to deal with the volatility associated with shares and manage their emotions. Additionally, other key risks associated with shares include liquidity risks, concentration risks, and currency risks.

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The strategy that attempts to establish and maintain the image that an SBU's product or services are fundamentally unique from other products or services in the same market segment is the differentiation strategy.

The differentiation strategy is focused on creating a unique and distinctive positioning for a product or service in the market. It involves developing features, qualities, or attributes that set the offering apart from competitors and create a perception of value and uniqueness among customers. By emphasizing the unique aspects of their products or services, companies implementing a differentiation strategy aim to attract customers based on their distinctive features rather than solely competing on price. This strategy helps to build a competitive advantage and create a perception of superiority in the market segment, thus distinguishing the SBU from its competitors.

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a) Methods the company can use to deliver the training1. Gamification: Gamification is an effective way to engage employees while training them. The company can design a game or a quiz that teaches the employees how to use the new payment and order processing system.

This will keep the millennials engaged as they are more likely to learn from an interactive game than a traditional classroom lecture.2. E-learning: E-learning is another effective way to train employees. The company can design an online course that teaches the employees how to use the new payment and order processing system. This will give the employees the flexibility they crave while also ensuring that they learn what they need to know. E-learning is also cost-effective, as it eliminates the need for an instructor and classroom space.

E-learning is effective because it gives employees the flexibility they crave while also ensuring that they learn what they need to know.b) Training objectives that the company wants the employees to achieve at the end of the training:1. By the end of the training, the employees should be able to navigate the new payment and order processing system with ease.2. By the end of the training, the employees should be able to identify and troubleshoot common problems with the new payment and order processing system.

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Gross Investment: Gross investment is an economic term that refers to the amount of investment made by a company or government in capital goods, such as factories, equipment, and other productive assets, over a particular time period.

Gross investment is a measure of the total amount of capital invested, without accounting for depreciation. Net Investment: Net investment is the total amount of investment after accounting for depreciation. It is the difference between the gross investment and depreciation of capital goods.Exports: Exports are goods or services produced in one country that are sold and shipped to another country.

The revenue generated from exports contributes to the growth of the exporting country's economy.Imports: Imports are goods or services purchased by one country from another country. The importing country spends money to purchase goods or services from other countries.

Net Exports: Net exports is the difference between a country's total exports and total imports. When a country exports more than it imports, it has a positive net export, which contributes to economic growth.National Income (NI): National income is the sum of all the income earned by a country's citizens, including wages, salaries, profits, and interest.

It is an important economic indicator that reflects the overall health of a country's economy. Personal Income (PI): Personal income is the total income earned by an individual, including wages, salaries, and other sources of income. It does not include taxes or other deductions.

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The following balances were extracted from the books of Top Watch Sdn Bhd for the year ended 31 December (2021):

Additional information:

Closing inventory at 31 December (20.1) was valued at RM37,700.

Depreciation is to be provided as follows: Buildings - 3% per annum on cost

Furniture and fittings - 10% per annum on reducing balance basis Motor vehicles - 25% per annum on reducing balance basis Required:

Prepare a trading, profit and loss account for the year ended 31 December 2021.2. Prepare a balance sheet as at 31 December 2021. Trading, Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31 December 2021 Particulars RM RM Sales110,800

Less: Cost of goods sold Opening inventory (1 Jan 2021)21,300

Add: Purchases82,400 Carriage inwards4,200 Less: Closing inventory (31 Dec 2021)(37,700) (70,200) Gross profit40,600 Less: Expenses Depreciation Buildings(6,000)

Furniture and fittings [10% of (18,600 + 7,400)](2,260) Motor vehicles [25% of (30,000 + 12,000)](10,500) Salaries and wages23,600 Rent and rates7,400

Electricity2,100 Insurance3,200 Printing and stationery 900

Miscellaneous1,800 Bank charges420 Audit fees3,000 (60,180) Net loss(19,580) Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2021

Particulars Note Amount RM Amount RM Fixed assets CostBuildings1Furniture and fittings1Motor vehicles1Less: Accumulated depreciation Buildings Furniture and fittings Motor vehicles(74,000)(18,600)(30,000)(22,800)(5,100)(15,000)

Net book value25,100Current assetsStock2Debtors3Bank balance4 Cash at bank and in hand3,70021,8005,6003,700Total assets30,300Current liabilities Creditors and accruals5Taxation6(2,400)(5,100)

Net current assets23,800Financed by: Capital and reserves Opening capital Add: Net loss(29,200)19,580(9,620)

Long-term liabilities Loan from Bank Rakyat7(15,000)

Total financed by29,200

Notes:1. Fixed assets Buildings RM Furniture and fittings RM Motor vehicles RM Cost 85,000 28,000 48,000

Less: Accumulated depreciation 11,000 7,600 18,000 Net book value 74,000 20,400 30,000

Depreciation Buildings = 3% x RM85,000 = RM2,550 Furniture and fittings = 10% of (RM28,000 + RM10,000) = RM3,800 Motor vehicles = 25% of (RM48,000 + RM24,000) = RM18,7502.

Closing inventoryRM37,7003. Debtors

RM Sales on credit125,000 Less: Cash sales14,200 110,800

Less: Bad debts1,200 109,6004. Bank balanceRM Loan repayment15,000

Add: Profit for the year19,580

Less: Drawings(30,000) 5,160 10,7605.

Creditors and accruals RM Creditors3,800 Accruals600 4,4006. Taxation RM RM Tax expense (see note 2)3,800

Less: Tax paid1,700 Tax payable2,1007. Loan from Bank Rakyat RM The loan was used to purchase motor vehicles.

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ABC Company's net income for Year 1 is $54,000.

To calculate ABC Company's net income, we need to consider the sales revenue and deduct any expenses. The $60,000 of services provided represents sales revenue. Since the state imposes a 10% sales tax, the tax collected on these sales would be $6,000.

However, this amount is not included in the company's net income as it is considered a liability. The journal entry provided shows a debit of $100 to Sales Tax Expense, indicating an increase in the expense, and a corresponding credit to Sales Taxes Payable.

This entry represents the accrual of sales taxes, recognizing the liability until the taxes are remitted to the relevant tax authorities. Therefore, the correct answer is None of these, as the net income for Year 1 is $54,000 ($60,000 - $6,000).

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ABC Company's net income for Year 1 is $54,000. To calculate ABC Company's net income, we need to consider the sales revenue and deduct any expenses.

The $60,000 of services provided represents sales revenue. Since the state imposes a 10% sales tax, the tax collected on these sales would be $6,000. However, this amount is not included in the company's net income as it is considered a liability. The journal entry provided shows a debit of $100 to Sales Tax Expense, indicating an increase in the expense, and a corresponding credit to Sales Taxes Payable.

This entry represents the accrual of sales taxes, recognizing the liability until the taxes are remitted to the relevant tax authorities. Therefore, the correct answer is None of these, as the net income for Year 1 is $54,000 ($60,000 - $6,000).

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Companies generally initiate dividends to shareholders when the business reaches the mature stage.

What is a dividend?A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually in the form of cash or stock. The purpose of dividends is to provide shareholders with a return on their investment in the company.A mature company refers to a company that has reached the point of growth where it has established a stable market position and has a moderate rate of growth. Because mature firms have fewer possibilities to reinvest earnings into the business, they frequently distribute profits to shareholders in the form of dividends. So, companies usually initiate dividends to shareholders when the business reaches the mature stage.Therefore, the correct option is option b. the mature stage.

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The long-run aggregate supply curve is the graphical representation of the relationship between the price level in the economy and the aggregate supply of output produced by the firms in the long run. The long-run aggregate supply curve is assumed to be vertical in the long run as it depends on factors

that affect the production capacity of the economy in the long run. These factors include changes in technology in the economy, the wage rate paid to labor in the economy, and the cost of production in the economy. A change in the wage rate paid to labor in the economy will shift the long-run aggregate supply curve. A higher wage rate increases the cost of production, reducing the incentive to produce, and shifting the curve to the left. On the other hand, a lower wage rate reduces the cost of production, increasing the incentive to produce, and shifting the curve to the right. Therefore, a change in the wage rate paid to labor in the economy will shift the long-run aggregate supply curve.

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Elastic and inelastic demands have a great impact on the decisions of both producers and consumers in healthcare markets.

In a healthcare market, when the demand for a resource is elastic, consumers are more price-sensitive; hence, even a slight change in the price will greatly affect their buying decision. Similarly, producers would consider this demand when making their production and supply decisions.

For instance, when a resource has an elastic demand, producers will set the price lower to attract more consumers. They will produce more units to satisfy the consumers' demand and increase the quantity demanded. On the other hand, inelastic demand is the opposite of elastic demand, whereby consumers are less price-sensitive, and the demand does not change much even when the price increases.

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Linear programming refers to a method used to find an optimal value within a mathematical model that is subjected to several linear constraints. Linear programming models may have several optimal solutions or none. The optimal solutions in linear programming are usually found at the corners or vertices of the feasible region.

The feasible region represents all the points that satisfy the given constraints. Each optimal point is considered a vertex. A feasible solution is an optimal solution when the objective function has its maximum or minimum value. The objective function is a linear equation used to measure the optimal value of the linear programming model.

For a linear program to have at least three distinct optimal vertices, it must satisfy the following conditions: There must be at least three optimal solutions. The optimal solutions must occur at distinct vertices of the feasible region.

Each optimal solution must have an optimal value that is different from the others. An example of a linear program that has at least three distinct optimal vertices is as follows:    Maximize Z = 5x + 4ySubject to:2x + 3y ≤ 123x + 2y ≤ 18x + y ≤ 10x, y ≥ 0.

The feasible region for the linear program is a triangular region with vertices at (0,0), (0,6), and (7,0). These vertices represent the optimal solutions to the linear program. All of them are optimal because the objective function attains the same maximum value of 30 at all three vertices.

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The value of a put option is positively related to the exercise price, time to expiration, and volatility of the underlying stock price.

A put option is a financial instrument that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell an underlying asset (such as stock) at a predetermined price (exercise price) within a specified period (time to expiration).

The value of a put option increases as the exercise price rises because a higher exercise price means the option holder can sell the underlying asset at a higher price, resulting in a greater potential profit.

The value of a put option also increases with a longer time to expiration. More time allows for a greater likelihood of the underlying asset's price falls below the exercise price, increasing the probability of the put option being exercised and resulting in a higher value.

Additionally, the value of a put option is positively related to the volatility of the underlying stock price. Higher volatility implies a greater likelihood of the stock price moving significantly, which increases the potential for the put option to be profitable if the stock price decreases.

The risk-free rate, however, does not directly impact the value of a put option. It is not a factor in determining the intrinsic value of the option and does not affect the potential profitability of exercising the option.

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