The statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation.
Alchemy is considered a pseudoscience. The statement that "all matter is composed of air, fire, earth, and water" is not consistent with our modern scientific understanding of matter. Alchemy was an ancient practice that attempted to transform base metals into noble metals (such as gold) and find a way to achieve eternal life, among other goals. While alchemy did contribute to the development of early chemistry and the discovery of some chemical processes, its beliefs and methodologies were often based on mystical and philosophical concepts rather than empirical scientific evidence.
In contrast, modern science understands that matter is composed of atoms and elements. The periodic table categorizes all known elements, and we have a comprehensive understanding of atomic structure and chemical reactions, which is not consistent with the alchemical view of matter being composed of air, fire, earth, and water.
Therefore, the statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation. Alchemy is considered pseudoscience because its claims and theories were based on mystical and speculative beliefs rather than the systematic empirical observations and rigorous scientific methodology that characterize genuine scientific endeavors.
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Complete the sentence. Select all that apply. The discoveries of niels bohr were: the relationship between outer shell and chemical properties quantum energy emissions static electricity the charge on the electron orbits of electrons.
They absorbed or emitted electromagnetic radiation; the right responses are: -electron orbits; -quantum energy emissions; and -relationship between outer shell and chemical characteristics.
The movement of electrons within an atom's nucleus in their many orbits or shells was initially described by Neil Bohr. The number of electrons in an element's outer shell affects its physical characteristics. Additionally, he discovered that electrons can only be in specific fixed-energy orbits, and that if they are permitted to hop from one orbit to another, they absorb or emit electromagnetic radiation. The elementary electric charge of the electron, a subatomic particle, is a negative one. The lepton particle family's first generation includes electrons.
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an herbicide contains only c , h , cl , and n . the complete combustion of a 100.0 mg sample of the herbicide in excess oxygen produced 104.6 ml of co2 and 61.01 ml of h2o vapor at stp. a separate analysis determined the 100.0 mg sample contained 27.57 mg cl . determine the percent composition of the herbicide. percent carbon: % percent hydrogen: % percent chlorine: % percent nitrogen: % determine the empirical formula of the herbicide. empirical formula: the herbicide has a molar mass of 257.16 g/mol . what is the molecular formula of the herbicide? molecular formula:
The molecular formula of the herbicide, molecular formula: C12H14Cl2N2, %CL= 27.6%
A molecule is a collection of two or extra atoms held collectively with the aid of appealing forces called chemical bonds; depending on the context, the term can also or may not encompass ions that fulfill this criterion.
Molecular compounds are inorganic compounds that take the shape of discrete molecules. Examples include such familiar materials as water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). these compounds are very one kind from ionic compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl).
Molecules are made up of one or greater atoms. in the event that they comprise more than one atom, the atoms can be the same (an oxygen molecule has oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom).
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Calculate the normal boiling point of chloroform given that the standard enthalpy of vaporization of chloroform is 31. 4 kj/mol and the standard entropy of chloroform is 93. 7 j/mol·k.
Chloroform's normal boiling point is 335 K given that the standard enthalpy of vaporization of chloroform is 31. 4 kj/mol and the standard entropy of chloroform is 93. 7 j/mol·k.
What function does chloroform serve?
A chemical known as a solvent, or one that facilitates the dissolving of other substances, is formaldehyde. Along with being used in the building, paper, and board industries, it is also used in the production of insecticides and films.
Given, 31.4 kJ/mol is the vaporisation enthalpy.
The standard entropy is 93. 7 j/mol k.
At equilibrium (when the liquid is boiling), according to the Gibbs free energy equation,
G = H - T (S), therefore
T (S) = H
S = H / T
93.8 = (31400 J/mol.) / T
T = 334.7 = 335K.
Chloroform has a 335K boiling point as a result.
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for the reaction represented by the equation so3 h2o ® h2so4, how many grams of sulfur trioxide are required to produce 4.00 mol of sulfuric acid in an excess of water? group of answer choices 160. g 320. g 80.0 g 240.
The mass of the Sulphur trioxide is 320 grams.
The balanced chemical equation for the above reaction is expressed as:
SO₃ + H₂O → H₂SO₄
According to the equation, 1 mole of SO₃ produces 1 mole of H₂SO₄, hence, the moles of SO₃ will be 4.00 moles.
Obtain the mass of SO₃ by using the equation,
Mass = number of moles × molar mass
Mass = 4.0 × [32+3(16)]
Mass = 4.0 × 80
Mass = 320 grams
Hence the mass of of sulfur trioxide are required to produce 4.00 mol of sulfuric acid in an excess of water is 320 grams.
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substance q had a vapor pressure of 345 mmhg at 22.00c. what's the temperature at a vapor pressure of 275 mmhg? the heat of vaporization of q is 36.0 kj/mol.
Substance q had a vapor pressure of 345 mmHg at 22.00°C. Then 19.6° C is the temperature at a vapor pressure of 275 mmHg.
As stated in the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
ln ( P2 / P1 ) = - ΔH / R ( 1 / T2 - 1 / T1 )
∴ ln ( 275 / 345 ) = - 36 / 8.314 (1 / T2 - 1 / 295)
∴ - 0.235 = - 4.33 ( 295 - T2 / 295 T2 )
∴ 15.98 T2 = 295 - T2
∴ 14.98 T2 = 295
∴ T2 = 19.6 °C
So, The temperature is 19.6 °C at vapor pressure of 275 mmHg.
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describe what happens during the citric acid cycle and identify where the carbon atoms of acetyl coa end up and where the energy that was stored in acetyl coa ends up.
Through a series of enzymatic reactions, the two carbons that were formerly the acetyl group of acetyl CoA are released as carbon dioxide, one of the primary byproducts of cellular respiration, in the citric acid cycle.
All six carbon atoms from the original glucose molecule are eventually incorporated into carbon dioxide because the two acetyl carbon atoms will eventually be released on later turns of the cycle.
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As Nicole walks to her dorm room after a study group in the library she sees a backpack being stolen. The neurotransmitter activated during this emergency situation is
Multiple choice question.
a. norepinephrine.
b. endocrine.
c. insulin.
d. serotonin.
The neurotransmitter activated during the emergency situation is option A: norepinephrine.
A neurotransmitter and a hormone, norepinephrine is also known as noradrenaline. Dopamine is converted into norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter. Nerve cells in the brainstem region and a region close to the spinal cord produce norepinephrine. Your adrenal glands release norepinephrine, a hormone, in response to stress. The fight-or-flight response is a response that alters several bodily functions. Thus, it perceives danger as mentioned in the question.
The sympathetic nervous system, which is a component of your body's immediate "fight-or-flight" response to danger, produces norepinephrine. The flight-or-flight reaction is also referred to as the acute stress response in medicine.
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gf what kind of chemical formula would an ionic compound have if the compound consists of a face centered cubic lattice
X₇Y₂₄ kind of chemical formula would an ionic compound have if the compound consists of a face centered cubic lattice
In chemistry, what exactly is a chemical?
Any substance with a known concentration is a chemical. To put it in another way, a chemical constantly consists of one "substance." There are some substances in nature, like water. Other chemicals, including chlorine, are produced (used for bleaching fabrics or in swimming pools).
What is a chemical, exactly?If everything composed of matter is composed of chemicals, then only phenomena composed entirely of material are not composed of chemicals: A chemical is not energy. Neither are emotions, emotions, gravity, or magnetism molecules, nor are light, heat, or sound
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a 69.0 ml portion of a 1.70 m solution is diluted to a total volume of 228 ml. a 114 ml portion of that solution is diluted by adding 121 ml of water. what is the final concentration? assume the volumes are additive.
The final concentration of this solution is 0.86M.
A 69 ml portion of a 1.70M solution is diluted with water till a total volume of 228 ml.
We know,
Moles = Molarity x volume
So, moles of 69ml solution.
Moles = 69 x 1.70
Concentration after dilution = 69 x 1.79/228
Concentration after dilution = 0.5417M
Now, 114ml portion of this solution is diluted by adding 121 ml of water.
So, the final concentration will be,
Concentration = 114 x 1.79/235
Final Concentration = 0.86M.
So, the final concentration is 0.86M.
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a. in acquiring a chromatogram on your vitamin c samples, what are the two parameters the detector recorded?
In acquiring a chromatogram on your vitamin c samples, two parameters need to be set: the time window and the activity rate threshold.
Chromatography is the approach. A chromatogram is an output (made from that approach). The chromatograph is the device this is used to generate the chromatogram.
Chromatography may be used as an analytical tool, feeding its output into a detector that reads the contents of the mixture. it is able to additionally be used as a purification tool, isolating the components of an aggregate for use in different experiments or strategies.
In chemical evaluation, chromatography is a laboratory approach for the separation of a mixture into its additives. The combination is dissolved in a fluid solvent known as the mobile section, which incorporates it thru a machine on which a material called the stationary segment is fixed.
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write the balanced reaction for the combustion of hexanol, ch3ch2ch2ch2ch2ch2oh? (be sure to use whole number coefficients.)
The balanced reaction for the combustion of hexanol is:
2C₆H₁₄(g)+19O₂(g)→12CO₂(g)+14H₂O(g) 2 C ₆ H 14 ( g ) + 19O₂ ( g ) → 12CO₂ ( g ) + 14 H₂O ( g )
What is balanced reaction?
An equation for a chemical reaction is said to be balanced if both the reactants and the products have the same total charge and the same number of atoms for each component of the reaction. In other words, the reaction has equal amounts of mass and charge on both sides.
For instance, think about the response: O2 (g) + 2Mg(s) = 2MgO (g) Two magnesium and two oxygen atoms are present on the reactant and product sides of this reaction. The chemical reaction is a balanced chemical equation because it follows the law of conservation of mass.
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carbon monoxide bonds very tightly to hemoglobin and cytochromes because of this shared feature. what is it?
Carbon monoxide bonds very tightly to hemoglobin and cytochromes because it has porphyrin iron.
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that consists of oxygen. The hemoglobin test measures how a whole lot of hemoglobin is in your blood. Hemoglobin is the maximum essential thing for red blood cells. it is composed of a protein known as heme, which binds oxygen.
If a hemoglobin test famous that your hemoglobin stage is lower than normal, it way you have got a low red blood cell count number (anemia).
Many distinctive forms of hemoglobin (Hb) exist. The maximum not unusual ones are HbA, HbA2, HbE, HbF, HbS, HbC, HbH, and HbM. Healthful adults handiest have giant tiers of most effective HbA and HbA2.
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the hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled x in the structure below is . the hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled x in the structure below is . sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2
Answer:
sp3.
.....................
Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the decomposition of 1 mol calcite to carbon dioxide gas and solid calcium oxide at 25°c.
For the breakdown of 1 mol of calcite to carbon dioxide plus white precipitate oxide at 25°c, the standard reaction entropy is 160.6 J/mol*K.
How do you define reaction in chemistry?In a chemical reaction, one or more materials known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances as products. Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances.
What kind of response?Synthesis, decomposition, only one, double-replacement, and combustion are the five fundamental varieties of chemical reactions. You can classify a reaction into one of these groups by looking at the reactants and products. Several categories will apply to some reactions.
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The complete question is-
Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the decomposition of 1 mol calcite to carbon dioxide gas and solid calcium oxide at 25°C.
CaCO₃ (s) → CO₂ (g) + CaO (s)
(a). -160.6 J/mol*K
(b). 160.6 J/mol*K
(c). 346.4 J/mol*K
(d). -266.9 J/mol*K
when 70.0 g of li3n(s) reacts with excess h2(g), 8.0 g of linh2 (s) is produced. the percent yield is closest to
when 70.0 g of li3n(s) reacts with excess h2(g), 8.0 g of linh2 (s) is produced. The percent yield is closest to 17%
How to calculate the percentage yield
The reaction between Li3N(s) and LiH(s) is given as:
Li3N+3H2 = 3LiH + NH3
Calculate the moles of Li3N
Moles = Mass/Molar mass
Moles = 70/35
Moles = 2 moles
From the reaction you can see that 1 mole of Li3N produce 3 moles of LiH, hence the moles of LiH is 6 moles
Determine the mass of LiH (theoretical yield)
Mass of LiH = 6 * 7.95
Mass of LiH = 47.7g
%yield = actual/theoretical * 100
%yield = 8/47.7 * 100
%yiels = 16.77%
Hence the percent yield is closest to 17%
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what's the difference between adhesion cohesion
Answer:
Cohesive force is the force that attracts molecules of the same substance. Adhesive force is the force that binds molecules of different substances together.
write the half reactions and overall reaction for the zn/ zn2 // cu2 / cu cell and calculate the cell potential from the standard reduction potentials
The cell potential of the Zn/Zn2+//Cu2+/Cu cell is +1.10 V.
What is cell potential?
Just two examples as to how chemical reactions generate power through the movement of electrons are the batteries throughout your remote control and the engine throughout your car. The voltage that exists between a battery's two half cells can be measured using the cell potential. We will describe how to do this and what elements make it possible for us to determine the voltage that is present inside an electrochemical cell. The potential difference between the two half cells inside an electrochemical cell is measured by the cell potential, or Ecell. The ability of electron density to move from one half cell to another is what determines the potential difference. Due to the fact that the chemical reaction is just a redox reaction, electrons can move between the electrodes.
The half reactions for the Zn/Zn2+//Cu2+/Cu cell are:
Oxidation: Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-
Reduction: Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu
The overall reaction is:
Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu
The cell potential can be calculated from the standard reduction potentials of the two half reactions:
Ecell = Ereduction - Eoxidation
Ecell = (Ereduction for Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu) - (Eoxidation for Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-)
Ecell = + 0.34 V - (-0.76 V)
Ecell = + 1.10 V
This means that the cell potential of the Zn/Zn2+//Cu2+/Cu cell is +1.10 V.
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when the concentration of substance b in the reaction above is doubled, all other factors being held constant, it is found that the rate of the reaction remains unchanged. the most probable explanation for this observation is that
When substance B is doubled no change is found in the rate of the reaction because it is not involved in the rate-determining step of the mechanism, but is involved in subsequent steps.
According to the law of mass action,
"The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the active concentration of the reactant which each have raised powers to the experimentally determined coefficients which are known as orders". The rate of the reaction is determined by the slowest step in the reaction mechanics.
Order of in the mass action law is the coefficient which is raised to the active concentration of the reactants. It is experimentally determined and can be zero, positive, negative or fractional.
The sum of the orders of each reactant which is raised to its power is the order of the whole reaction and the law is known as the rate law.
The change in the concentration of B does not affect the rate of the reaction as B is the reactant. Hence, the order of B must be zero.
Hence, substance B is not involved in the rate-determining step of the reaction, but is involved in subsequent steps of the reaction.
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a mixture of helium and neon gases is collected over water at 28oc and 456 mmhg. if the partial pressure of he is 240 mmhg, what is the partial pressure of neon? (vapor pressure of water at 28oc is 28.3 mmhg)
Answer:
i need points
Explanation:
a chemical reaction happens in three steps. step 1:step 2:step 3:a→b cc→d ed a→f(fast)(slow)(fast)step 1:a→b c(fast)step 2:c→d e(slow)step 3:d a→f(fast) what is the rate-determining step
Answer:
Step 2 only
Explanation:
commercial aspirin tablets contain 325 mg per tablet. how many tablets would your yield make?
It is the same as 0.036, Mass is equal to mole mass using the same formula. The experiment's molar mass is 1 80.15 and the theoretical yield is 90.36 moles. It is a yield in total. There will be a 6.48.
How do you figure out how much aspirin is in a tablet?Use the calculation below to determine how much aspirin is in each pill. (MW = 180 g/mole for aspirin) Mass of aspirin Equals moles of aspirin times its molecular weight (in g/mole) (in grams)
What is the aspirin yield in percentage?Thus, 3.029 grams of crude synthesized aspirin were computed. The finished aspirin product had an estimated mass of 2.169 grams after purification. 2.520 grams were the predicted theoretical yield. As a result, the yield was 86.07% and the error was 13.93%.
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dalton supported his atomic theory with experimental evidence. what experiment would have supported the postulate that in chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged
In 1803 Dalton discovered that oxygen combined with either one or two volumes of nitric oxide in closed vessels over water and this pioneering observation of integral multiple proportions provided important experimental evidence for his incipient atomic ideas.
In closed vessels over water, Dalton observed in 1803 that oxygen interacted with either one or two volumes of nitric oxide. This ground-breaking observation of integral multiple proportions offered crucial experimental support for his developing atomic theories.
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in most cocktails, when is ice placed in the glass? group of answer choices before the mix is poured after the mix is poured it depends on the recipe it depends on the type of alcohol used
If you're making a drink in a shaker tin or a mixing glass, then you add the ice last.
Do you put ice in before or after cocktail?When making mixed drinks, first add ice, then liquor and then your mixers. The average pour of alcohol is 1.5 ounces (or a “jigger”), but depending on your mixers and audience, it can go anywhere from 1 to 2.In the 16th century, it was the Italians who brought back the use of ice. France, borrowing the tradition from Italy, was the first country to bring ice back, but as an extravagance.By putting the ice in first it gives the alcohol a chance to chill down and any mix to mix with it. If after the alcohol it traps it and the mixers won't mix with the alcohol. You use ice during the cocktail making process to chill a drink. The best size of ice cubes for drink chilling is 1-inch cubes, which is a standard ice cube. This allows for maximum chilling with the right amount of melt for drink dilution.Cocktail ice is an essential ingredient that many overlook. Not only does it keep your drink at a chilled temperature, but it also impacts the overall quality of the cocktail. Adding the right type of ice to your drink will help to ensure that all the ingredients bind together to create one, delicious mixture.To learn more about type of alcohol refer to:
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differentiate between competency and capacity.
Answer: It is important to differentiate capacity from competency. Competency is a global assessment and a legal determination made by a judge in court. Capacity, on the other hand, is a functional assessment regarding a particular decision.
Explanation: Competency is a global assessment and a legal determination made by a judge in court. Capacity, on the other hand, is a functional assessment regarding a particular decision. Capacity is not static, and it can be performed by any clinician familiar with the patient.
In terms of equipment considerations, avoiding the maximum limits of the dive tables is wise because?
a. Dive tables are precise.
b. It is hard to read dive tables while underwater.
c. Depth gauges can malfunction and / or be read inaccurately.
d. you can get nitrogen narcosis more easily.
The correct answer is
c. Depth gauges can malfunction and/or read inaccurately.
What is Dive Table?
Dive tables are carefully formulated charts that provide a wealth of safety data to assist divers venturing into the ocean. They are traditionally printed on booklets or cards, for the diver to refer to before jumping in the water.
These dive tables provide valuable information such as how much time divers are allowed to stay at a specified depth, how deep they can go with the amount of air they are breathing, the interval in which they should resurface, and much more. With that information at hand, divers are able to plan out their dives according to their individual parameters, capability, current physical condition, and how deep they want to dive.
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Which of the following best represents the transition state of the rate-determining step for the given reaction?
The transition state is only present when the reaction's potential energy is at its greatest. It is quite unstable for the species in the transition state.
The meaning of a transitionThe term is derived from the Latin word "transire," which meaning to cross. It frequently describes the action rather than the outcome. Thus, "transitioning" is the process of changing, of moving from one set of traits or circumstances to another.
What makes a good sentence for a transition?An excellent transition sentence might contain a word or phrase like although, despite this/that, in comparison, or yet if you needed to convey a point that contradicted your prior assertion.
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Atoms will combine with each in order to become more chemically stable. Compounds are formed between two atoms that have.
Atoms will combine with each in order to become more chemically stable by sharing electron and Compounds are formed between two atoms that have chemical bond that links them together.
In order for molecules and crystals to form, atoms or ions must maintain a long-lasting attraction to one another. Ionic and covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. There are "strong bonds" or "primary bonds" like covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds as well as "weak bonds" or "secondary bonds" like dipole-dipole interactions, the London dispersion force, and hydrogen bonding. The strength of chemical bonds varies greatly. By sharing or transferring electrons between the involved atoms, strong chemical bonds are created.
Since opposing electric charges attract, the positively charged protons inside a nucleus and the negatively charged electrons that surround it are drawn to one another. Placing an electron between them
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the fusion of hydrogen into helium in the core of the sun can be summarised as : 4 hydrogen nuclei are converted into one helim nucleus some gamma rays a netruino
The statement give in question is false as 4 hydrogen nuclei are converted into one helim nucleus some gamma rays, only two atom come together for fusion reaction.
The core is the power generator in the Sun. The core radius is close to one-fourth of that of the star. Inside the core, pressures and temperatures are high enough to make fusion. In a nuclear fusion reaction, the nuclei of two atoms come together to make a new atom. In the core of a sun, two hydrogen atoms combine to form a helium atom. The proton-proton cycle is an essential reaction that occurs within the core of the Sun.
H + H → He + ENERGY
In the proton-proton chain reaction, hydrogen nuclei are converted to helium nuclei through many intermediates. This reaction generates high-energy photons (gamma rays). This energy can be calculated by the famous Einstein equation, E = mc2.
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a firm runs its technology operations on a fleet of amazon ec2 instances. the firm needs a certain software to be available on the instances to support their daily workflows. the developer team has been told to use the user data feature of ec2 instances.
User Data is generally used to perform common automated configuration tasks and even run scripts after the instance starts. When you launch an instance in Amazon EC2, you can pass two types of user data - shell scripts and cloud-init directives. You can also pass this data into the launch wizard as plain text or as a file.
In general, a configuration is the arrangement of the components that make up a whole, or the act of creating that arrangement. A configuration, or particular shape, is produced when objects are placed in any spatial arrangement. As an illustration, scientists refer to a configuration as the particular, bound arrangement of atoms that forms a molecule.
Text, observations, figures, photos, numbers, graphs, and symbols can all be used as forms of data. Individual prices, weights, addresses, ages, names, temperatures, dates, or distances, for instance, could be included in the data. Data is an unprocessed type of knowledge and has no meaning or use by itself.
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in a test trial, using 6% 4xtra strenght bleach at room temperature, 100.0ml of oxygen gas was produced in 2.03 seconds. calculate the average reaction rate for the oxygen gas
49.26 mol/sec is the average reaction rate for the oxygen gas
2 Na+ + 2ClO- --> 2Na+ + 2Cl- + O2
average reaction= formation of oxygen/time
average reaction=100/2.03
average reaction=49.26 mol/sec
Reaction rate is the rate at which a chemical reaction moves forward. It is frequently expressed in terms of either the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a unit of time or the concentration of a product that is formed in a unit of time (amount per unit volume). You could also define it in terms of how much of the reactants are used up or how much of the products are produced in a given amount of time.
Depending on the nature of the reacting substances, the type of chemical transformation, the temperature, and other factors, chemical reactions can move along at vastly different rates. In general, covalent bond breaking reactions take much longer than those involving the combination of atoms or ions (electrically charged particles).
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