active neurons need ATP for all the process like movement of materials to the soma by axoplasmic transport, the synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules, the movement of materials from the soma by axoplasmic transport and the recovery from action potentials
In both neuronal and extracellular tissues, ATP serves as a ubiquitous signaling molecule. It is produced and kept in the nerve terminals, glial cells, and postsynaptic target cells, and it is released in response to neuronal activity and a number of other stimuli (activation of pre- and postsynaptic receptors, metabolic distress, inflammation, hypoosmotic stimuli, and cellular damage). Ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptor subtypes, which are found in abundance in the nervous system, are acted upon by ATP in a variety of ways. A number of central and peripheral synapses have been found to express ATP as a rapid transmitter, and these synapses do so through P2X receptors.
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monoclonal antibodies . monoclonal antibodies . are produced normally in the human body are not yet available to the public and are still being developed can attach to a target cell while carrying a diagnostic marker or anticellular toxin
Monoclonal antibodies (also known as moAbs or mAbs) are proteins created in labs that operate like antibodies in human bodies. Antibodies are components of the immune system.
They seek for and adhere to antigens (foreign elements) in order to eliminate them. Monoclonal antibodies produced in laboratories aid in the stimulation of your own immune system.
Monoclonal antibodies are often administered as an intravenous (IV) solution injected directly into your vein (sometimes referred to as an infusion). They are frequently administered at an infusion facility, where numerous people are receiving therapy at the same time.
If this is your first time receiving treatment, you should bring someone with you to learn about the procedure and what to expect.
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2.4. threepeoplearefishingandeachcatchesfishatrate2perhour.howlongdo we have to wait until everyone has caught at least one fish?
If there is an equal chance that probability each fish captured will be one of these four different varieties, then a=3.16* and b=3.16*.
What exactly is a Chebyshev inequality?
Chebyshev's inequality is a piece of probability theory that guarantees that, given a wide range of probability distributions, no more than a specific percentage of values would be present inside a chosen set of boundaries or ranges as deviations from mean. That is to say, only a certain fish will be discovered inside a set range of the distribution's mean.
In other words, 1/K2 of a distribution's values can deviate from the distribution's mean by more than or equal to K standard deviations. This is the formula for which no more than a certain number of values can exceed. Additionally, it claims that
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Some cats have bobtails, which are short, stumpy tails that result from an inherited, recessive genotype (tt). normal length tails are dominant in cats (tt, tt). when a cat with a bobtail is crossed with a cat that is heterozygous for normal tail length, what is the likelihood that the offspring will have a bobtail?
a. 75%
b. 50%
c. 25%
d. 0%
The offspring of a bobtail cat and a cat with heterozygous normal tail length has a 50% chance of having bobtails. The correct answer is option(b).
An offspring is homozygous (homo message "unchanging") for a deoxyribonucleic acid when it acquires two copies of the unchanging allele. An offspring concedes the possibility be homozygous passive (RR) or homozygous main (TT) (tt).
An offspring may be homozygous passive (RR) or homozygous main (TT) ( tt ). Heterozygous refers to a creature that carries two unconnected alleles (Tt) for the gene (hetero-resources various). The characteristics that are seeable are referred to as phenotypes. Due to the infrequency of most passive diseases, an offspring is more inclined to have an individual if their persons are accompanying. It is more likely for related folk to share a unique deoxyribonucleic acid from a universal forefather.
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beetles may be the most varied order of animals. new beetle species are authenticated, completely unpredictably, at a typical rate of one every 7.0 months. a supplement to a guide is planned to be published after 20 new species have been discovered.
The supplement to a guide is planned to be published after 20 new species have been discovered at the 11.8 month.
The Poisson distribution is used to resolve this question, as we've got best the suggest. In this distribution, the usual deviation is the rectangular root of the suggest.
In this question, we've got that:
Species are determined at a price of as soon as each 7 months.A complement to a manual is deliberate to be posted after 20 new species were determined.a) What are the predicted fee and widespread deviation of the wide variety of months (dealt with as a non-stop degree of time) till the complement is posted?Mean is: 7x 20 = a 140 months.Standard deviation is sqrt a hundred and forty = 11.8 months.The suggest till the complement is posted is a hundred and forty months, whilst the usual deviation is of 11.8 monthsRead more about animals:
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Explain why siblings may share similarities but are not identical.
Siblings may share similarities but are not identical because they have different genetic makeup due to the segregation of chromosomes in gametic parental cells and the process of crossing over.
Why are siblings not genetically identical?Siblings are not genetically identical because the gametes in the parent suffer a process known as chromosome segregation, which involves the segregation of different homologous chromosomes in the germinal cells before the process of fertilization.
Moreover, the formation of the gamete cells also suffer another process that increases the genetic variation of the resulting meiotic cells called crossing over or recombination, which is well known to change genetic fragments between non sister chromatids.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that siblings are not genetically identical but share similarities because the zygote derives from cells having different genetic makeup due to the segregation of chromosomes and crossing over.
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3. Why do you think it is important for a cell to be selective?
Answer:
It it important for a cell to be selective because this function allows for certain molecules to let in and let out, if we had a non permeable cell, it wouldn't allow anything to leave nor enter. If we had a 100% permeable cell, EVERYTHING would be permitted to go through, harmful or not.
Explaination:
N/A, I believe the answer itself is an explanation.
in order to make the heart more responsive to epinephrine, thyroid hormone must also act on the heart muscles. this hormonal coordination is referred to as a(n) effect.
In order to make the heart more responsive to epinephrine, thyroid hormone must also act on the heart muscles. this hormonal coordination is referred to as permissive effect.
In stressful situation, the body responds by calling for the release of hormones that provide a burst of energy. The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are then released by the adrenal medulla.
Permissive function of hormones means one hormone strive its full effect only in the presence of other hormone. Example may include Thyroid hormone increases the number of beta androgenic receptors. These receptors are required for epinephrine. So without thyroid hormone the effect of epinephrine on target cell would not be effective.
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Which area of the brain is responsible for problem-solving, planning, and decision-making?.
Answer:
The frontal lobe is responsible for initiating and coordinating motor movements; higher cognitive skills, such as problem solving, thinking, planning, and organizing; and for many aspects of personality and emotional makeup.
Explanation:
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alpine tundra is found on the top of mountains while arctic tundra is found close to the north pole. these two biomes have similar plants and animals even though they can be located in very different regions of the world. why are these two biomes so similar?
Alpine tundra is cold and dry because it is a high latitude and arctic tundra is cold and dry because it is at a high altitude.
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that lacks trees due to its high elevation and associated harsh climate. Low temperatures and precipitation; harsh cold winds; low-lying vegetation; thin, dry, and poorly developed soils; and rapidly changing weather characterize the alpine tundra. Because of these conditions, the alpine tundra is a treeless habitat.
Tundra ecosystems are treeless areas found in the Arctic and on mountain peaks where the climate is cold and windy and rainfall is scarce. Much of the year, tundra lands are covered in snow, but summer brings bursts of wildflowers.
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the interaction between which types of adhesion molecules are required to stop a leukocyte prior to extravastion?
The interaction between which types of adhesion molecules are required to stop a leukocyte prior to extravastion is known as intigrins.
A family of plasma membrane proteins is known as integrins. These proteins help the extravastionr matrix and the interior of the cell communicate with one another. The alpha and beta subunits of integrins, which are heterodimeric proteins with two distinct subunits each, are tethered to the plasma membrane by a transmembrane helix.Integrins function as both receptors and signal transducers, and as such, they have binding sites for a variety of extracellular macromolecules. The leucocyte adhesion molecule's beta subunit, also known as CD18, is encoded by the integrin gene. Leukocyte adhesion deficit in humans is caused by mutations in this integrin gene.
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A child experiences a serious and rare illness at three months old. A researcher studies this child until adulthood to learn about the impact of the illness on his family. What method is the researcher using?.
The impact of the sickness on his family is studied through a case study as the researcher follows this youngster until he or she is an adult.
Research methodology known as a case study is frequently used in the social and life sciences. Research using case studies is not universally defined. 1 But very simply... A case study is "an intense study about a person, a group of people, or a unit, with the objective of generalising over several units," according to the definition. 1 An rigorous, systematic assessment of a single person, group, community, or other unit in which the researcher looks at in-depth data relating to multiple factors has also been referred to as a case study. 2
Case studies are a method used by researchers to better comprehend complicated phenomena by examining them in their natural environment.
3 4 In fact, Sandelowski5 contends that case studies can help researchers better understand the holistic nature of nursing care.
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in the figure, a straight wire carries a steady current i perpendicular to the plane of the page. a bar is in contact with a pair of circular rails, and rotates about the straight wire. the direction of the induced current through the resistor r is
The direction of the induced current through the resistor R is given by, option c, that is, there is no induced current through the resistor.
The current that occurs when a conducting loop is subjected to a changing magnetic field is called induced current. The following points are used to talk about how induced current is made:
When the conducting loop is subjected to a change in the magnetic field, induced current can be produced in a variety of ways, including:
-By altering the strength of the magnetic field.
- Inserting the conductor into and removing it from the magnetic field.
- adjusting the distance between the magnet and the conducting loop.
-By modifying the area of the loop within the constant magnetic field.
In the figure,
The field is always perpendicular to the area vector.
So that
B.A=0.
Consequently, The resistor directs no induced current.
The correct answer is c.
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(Complete question)
in the figure, a straight wire carries a steady current is perpendicular to the plane of the page. a bar is in contact with a pair of circular rails and rotates about the straight wire. the direction of the induced current through the resistor R is
a. from a to b
b. from b to a
c. there is no induced current through the resistor
*Image attached*
dna replication question 9 options: a) begins when two dna molecules join together to exchange segments. b) uses each strand of a dna molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. c) results in the formation of four new dna strands. d) occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the parental dna molecules
dna replication uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand.
The method through which a double-stranded DNA molecule is plagiarised to generate two genetically Identical molecules is known as DNA replication Replication is essential since when a split happens, the 2 additional daughter cells should possess the same specific genes, or DNA, as the parent cell. In cultured cells DNA replication (DNA enhancement) is also conceivable (artificially, outside a cell). To begin DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule, DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used.
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The outermost membrane of a euglenid chloroplast is thought to have been derived from what part of an original host cell that engulfed a green alga?.
The plasma membrane of the enveloped alga cell serves as the source of the apicoplast's second outermost membrane.
Where did all chloroplasts come from?Chloroplasts were first established in eukaryotes through an endosymbiotic relationship with a cyanobacterium; they later spread through the evolution of eukaryotic hosts and the subsequent engulfment of eukaryotic algae by formerly nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes.
How did eukaryotic cells develop mitochondria and chloroplasts?Chloroplasts and mitochondria most likely developed from engulfed bacteria that once existed as autonomous organisms. An aerobic bacterium was eventually swallowed by a eukaryotic cell, which later established an endosymbiotic bond with the host eukaryote and gradually transformed into a mitochondrion.
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if mutation is the only force acting on this population from generation to generation, what do you predict will happen to allele frequencies over successive generations?
If mutation is the only factor affecting this population from generation to generation, evolution would happen at a rate that we would not be able to detect in the evolution of allele frequencies.
A pair of genes known as an allele can be found on a given chromosome in a place known as the gene locus. The same features in kids are under their control. Gene, Gene Locus, Chromosomes, Genotype, Heterozygous Genotypes, Diploid Organisms, DNA are some of the terminologies used. Alleles are different gene forms. A mutation is an adjustment to the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or extrachromosomal DNA's genome. Either DNA or RNA makes up viral genomes. Errors that occur during DNA replication or virus replication, mitosis, meiosis, or other types of DNA damage, result in mutations.
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Michelle and Keith are apparently normal, but their daughter was born with alkaptonuria, an inherited metabolic disorder. If alkaptonuria is like most human hereditary disorders, the probability of their next child being born with alkaptonuria is:
The likelihood that their subsequent child will be born with alkaptonuria is 1/4 if the ailment is genetic like the majority of human diseases.
Only three-fourths of the F2 exhibited the dominant phenotype, compared to 100% of the F1.
Tyrosine and phenylalanine are two of the amino acids that make up proteins, and alkaptonuria, often known as black urine sickness, is a relatively rare genetic disease that inhibits the body from completely metabolizing these amino acids. It causes the body to accumulate homogentisic acid, a chemical. This can eventually cause a variety of health issues and render the urine and other bodily fluids a dark color. Chemical processes are typically used to break down amino acids. However, homogentisic acid, a chemical created along the way, cannot be further decomposed in alkaptonuria. This is due to improper operation of the enzyme that usually breaks it down. Proteins called enzymes are responsible for causing chemical reactions. Darkly stained diapers are one of the condition's early warning signs since homogentisic acid turns urine black when it's exposed to air for a few hours. The illness might not be recognized until maturity if this symptom is missed or disregarded in a baby or kid because there are typically no other obvious symptoms until the person is in their late twenties and early thirties.
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chronic malnutrition often results in micronutrient deficencies. click to drag the following nutrient deficencies with their deficiency symptoms.
The micronutrient deficiencies that are most frequently linked to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in children. However, deficits of other water-soluble vitamins, minerals, and trace elements may be discovered as well, varied with the geography and chronicity of the malnutrition. Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins, iron, and zinc are particularly common.
Following nutrient deficiencies with their deficiency symptoms:
General Symptoms: Fatigue
Nutritional Deficiency- Protein-energy, iron, magnesium, potassium, vitamins B1, B12, and other B vitamins and vitamin C
Many physical illnesses include hypothyroidism, cardiac failure, anemia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and depression.
General Symptoms: Loss of appetite
Nutritional Deficiency-Zinc
General Symptoms: Pale appearance due to anemia.
Iron, folate, and vitamin B12
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108) which type of mutant would be most likely to produce a bushier phenotype? a) auxin overproducer b) strigolactone overproducer c) cytokinin underproducer d) gibberellin overproducer e) strigolactone underproducer
E) strigolactone underproducer .
What are the functions of strigolactone ?
Functions are : 1 act as growth stimulant of parasitic plants
2 Plant architecture determinant
3 Arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis promotor
Plants produce signaling substances called strigolactones. They have two primary purposes: first, as endogenous hormones that regulate plant growth, and second, as elements of root exudates that encourage symbiotic relationships between plants and soil bacteria. When in close proximity to the roots of a suitable host plant, some plants that are parasitic on other plants have developed a third role, which is to promote seed germination.
Hence , strigolactone underproducer type of mutant would be most likely to produce a bushier phenotype .
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pulmonary tuberculosis is named for the tendency of the body to build protective capsules around areas where mycobacterium bacteria have invaded host tissues. the medical term for one of these encapsulated areas is a(n)
Pulmonary tuberculosis is named for the tendency of the body to build protective capsules around area Mycobacterium bacteria have invaded host tissues. The medical term for one of these encapsulated areas is tubercle.
What is pulmonary tuberculosis?Pulmonаry tuberculosis which is commonly known аs (TB) is cаused by а bаcterium cаlled Mycobаcterium tuberculosis. The body mаjorly fights the infection by encаpsulаting the bаcteriа into very smаll cаpsules cаlled tubercles. The bаcteriа cаnnot spreаd but remаin аlive аnd аre present in the surrounding tissues or in other people. This stаge is termed аs lаtent TB.
А tubercle is а smаll rounded point of а bone. It аlso refers to а nodule аttаched to bone, mucous membrаne (moist lаyer lining pаrts of the body), or skin. The term tubercle is less commonly used to refer to skin irritаtion resulting from а tuberculosis (TB) infection.
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which is the correct substrate for pancreatic lipase? which is the correct substrate for pancreatic lipase? triacylglycerols in chylomicrons triacylglycerols stored in adipocytes dietary triacylglycerols triacylglycerols in vldl fatty acids bound to serum albumin
TGs are degraded into fatty acids and glycerol, which may then be used as substrates for energy production and metabolic pathways.
What is pancreatic lipase's substrate?Long aliphatic chain acyl esters of cholesterol (cholesteryl esters), triacyl esters of glycerol (triacylglycerols), acyl esters of long chain alcohols (wax esters), diacyl esters of glycerol (diacylglycerols), and monoacyl esters of glycerol are typical natural lipase substrates.
Lipase is a kind of hydrolase enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of triglycerides (the substrate) into fatty acids and glycerol.
Lipase is classified into three types: Pharyngeal lipase is a digestive enzyme that is generated in the mouth and is most active in the stomach.
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an rna product from a fragment of dna has the sequence of aauuggcu. the sequence of the nontemplate strand in the dna that gave rise to the sequence is which one of the following?
The sequence of the nontemplate strand in the DNA that gave rise to this sequence is (C) AATTGGCT.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to create a double helix. The polymer contains genetic instructions for all known organisms and viruses' genesis, functioning, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid.
Do all humans have the same DNA?
The human genome is mostly the same in all people. But there are variations across the genome. This genetic variation accounts for about 0.001 percent of each person's DNA and contributes to differences in appearance and health.
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Full Question :An RNA produced from a fragment of DNA has the sequence of AAUUGGCU. The sequence of the nontemplate strand in the DNA that gave rise to this sequence is which one of the following?
(A) AGCCAATT
(B) AAUUGGCU
(C) AATTGGCT
(D) TTAACCGA
(E) UUAACCGA
what is the order of the trna binding sites on the 70s ribosome with respect to the 5' to 3' direction of the mrna?
E P A is the correct order of the trna binding sites on the 70s ribosome with respect to the 5' to 3' direction of the mrna.
What is Ribosomes?
Ribosomes are the biological machinery responsible for producing proteins. Numerous ribosomes, each of which has two subunits, are present in every cell. Before proceeding down the messenger RNA molecule's length and reading each three-letter codon, these two subunits tightly close the molecule. The transfer RNA binds to the ribosome and shares a base sequence with the messenger RNA.
Making proteins takes place at ribosomes, an intercellular structure composed of both RNA and protein. The messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence is translated by the ribosome into a specific string of amino acids that form long chains and fold to form proteins.
The ribosome, which functions as a cell's factory for protein synthesis, is a complex molecule consisting of proteins and ribosomal RNA molecules. Ribosomes were first identified by George E. Palade in 1955. He described them as cytoplasmic particles that selectively bind to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Palade and other researchers found that ribosomes carried out protein synthesis in cells; for this work, he was honored with the Nobel Prize in 1974.
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individuals carrying a brca1 mutation to show a dominant or recessive pattern of increased cancer incidence, and why
Individuals carrying a BRAC1 mutation show a dominant or recessive pattern of increased cancer incidence because it follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
The strongest genes for breast cancer susceptibility are typically BRCA1 and BRCA2.
It is also noteworthy that societal mutations that cause disease are to blame for an increase in early-onset breast cancer cases.
This type of breast cancer typically manifests as an early-onset, high-intensity, bilateral form that follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Carriers of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are more likely to develop this disease and other cancers, particularly ovarian cancer.
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what is the function of myoglobin in muscle cells? group of answer choices stores atp breaks down glucose stores oxygen stores glucose
Your striated muscles, which include your heart and skeletal muscles, contain the protein known as myoglobin.
How does myoglobin function in muscles?Myoglobin is a protein found in both skeletal muscles and the heart. While you exercise, your muscles use up the entire amount of oxygen in your body. Because myoglobin carries oxygen, the muscles have access to more oxygen and can exert themselves for longer.
What is the purpose of myoglobin?A heme prosthetic group in myoglobin can reversibly bind to oxygen. It serves as a protein that muscles in the body utilize to store oxygen. Depending on the oxygen concentration in the environment, it can bind and release oxygen.
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stress affects aging when cells lose their ability to communicate with each other effectively making it harder to mobilize the bodies defenses this is known as
Aging is impacted by stress when cells become less communicative with each other effectively making it harder to mobilize the bodies defenses. It is referred to as the innate immune system.
The skin, mucous membranes, cough reflex, stomach acid, and specialised cells that warn the body of an approaching threat make up the innate immune system.
As cells get older, their capacity for communication declines, making it more difficult for the body to activate its defences.
Gerontologists don't simply focus on significant life events like job loss, a loved one's death, or the birth of a child when they examine stress. They are also incorporating metabolic stress, which refers to the bodily processes that keep us alive, such blood circulation, waste removal, temperature regulation, and brain neuronal firing. In other words, every action the body takes to maintain its life also causes physiologic stress.
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Which of the following is true regarding human gametes? produced by the process of mitosis contain the haploid number of chromosomes o produced in the testes and oviducts are also known as primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes contain 46 chromosomes
The actual statement is: contain the haploid number of chromosomes
A cell with a single set of chromosomes is called a haploid. The number of chromosomes in sperm or egg cells, often gametes, is also referred to as haploid. In humans, gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes—one of each chromosomal pair found in diploid cells—and are hence haploid. The haploid number, commonly known as n, indicates the number of chromosomes in a single pair. n = 23 for humans.
The human gametes includes the female cell ova and the male gamete is sperm. They are responsible for the formation of zygote formed by the fusion of male and female gamete.Meiosis, a type of cell division that cuts the number of chromosomes in a parent diploid cell in half, produces haploid gametes.
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We are reacting two molecules of nitrogen gas with six molecules of hydrogen gas to form ammonia, nh3
To form ammonia, we can react 2 molecules of N₂ with 6 molecules of H₂. Once the reaction has completed, the total molecules of each gas will be: 1 molecule of nitrogen, 3 molecules of hydrogen, and 4 molecules of ammonia.
How to predict the total molecules of reactants and products?The formation reaction of ammonia needs one molecule of nitrogen and 3 molecules of hydrogen. The reaction is as shown in the equation below:
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) --> 2NH₃(g)
2N₂(g) + 6H₂(g) --> 4NH₃(g)
They will form a new product as four molecules of NH₃. Speaking in the present time after the reaction has completed, half of the reactants (N₂ and 3H₂) are gone to form the ammonia. Hence, the correct answer is: 1 N₂, 3 H₂, and 4 NH₃.
This question seems incomplete. The complete query is as follows:
"We are reacting two molecules of nitrogen gas with six molecules of hydrogen gas to form ammonia, NH₃. How many molecules of each type of gas will be present once the reaction has completed?"
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if the micturition reflex is primarily controlled by parasympathetic innervation, then how is it that you have voluntary control of when you choose to urinate?
If the micturition reflex is primarily controlled by parasympathetic innervation,
The external urethral sphincter is under skeletal muscle control.
What is skeletal muscle?
The skeleton contains one of the three essential muscle tissues in the human body. Each skeletal muscle is made up of thousands of muscle fibers coated in connective tissue sheaths. The various bundles of muscle fibers that make up skeletal muscles are known as fasciculi.
Skeletal muscle are voluntary muscles that are controlled by the somatic nervous system. The other forms of muscle include cardiac muscle, which is striated, and smooth muscle, which is non-striated. Both of these muscle groups fall into the category of being involuntary, or controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
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All GAL structural genes have UAS elements in their enhancer regions.true
UAS components are present in the enhancer regions of all GAL structural genes. true
Gene regulation is unaffected by the enhancer's location. Each line has a distinct, defined genomic DNA fragment acting as a transcription enhancer that regulates the expression of GAL4. Polycistronic mRNA is produced during transcription of trp structural genes. Genes involved in lac structure have comparable chromatin states. Enhancers show that they are located a few Kb from a gene. Short nucleotide sequences called "enhancers" have been identified to modify the rate of transcriptional of certain target genes in genomic DNA. Enhancers are cis-acting, similar to promoters, in that they only affect genes within the same DNA molecule; they are unable to boost the gene transcription on separate chromosomes.
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Suppose that, with regard to a particular gene with two alleles, a and a, we know that 60% of the alleles in the gene pool of a particular large population are a. We observe this population for five generations, during which we know that no mutation, selection, or migration has occurred. After this period, the frequency of the a allele is expected to be _____.
The frequency of the an allele is predicted to reach 0.4 after this time.
What five criteria must be completed in order to classify a population as non-evolving?A population is not evolving and allele frequencies do not change over time when it reaches Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene. There are no mutations, random mating, no gene flow, an infinite population size, and no selection, according to the five fundamental Hardy-Weinberg hypotheses.
How many generations must pass before an allele is lost?It is more effective to select against dominant alleles than against recessive alleles. An initial frequency of 0.70 for a dominant harmful allele can be eliminated in less than 100 generations.
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