A woodcutter wishes to cause the tree trunk to fall uphill, even though the trunk is leaning downhill. With the aid of the winch W, what tension T in the cable will be required?
The 600-kg trunk has a center
of gravity at G. The felling notch at O is sufficiently large so that the resisting moment there is negligible. Enter your answer in (N) - numerical value only

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer will be "400.4 N". The further explanation is given below.

Explanation:

The given values are:

Mass of truck,

m = 600 kg

g = 9.8 m/s²

On equating torques at the point O,

⇒  [tex]T\times Cos(10+5)\times (1.3+4)=mg\times Sin(5)\times 4[/tex]

So that,

On putting the values, we get

⇒  [tex]T\times Cos(15^{\circ})\times 5.3=600\times 9.8\times Sin(5^{\circ})\times 4[/tex]

⇒                             [tex]T=400.4 \ N[/tex]


Related Questions

A tubular reactor has been sized to obtain 98% conversion and to process 0.03 m^3/s. The reaction is a first-order irreversible isomerization. The reactor is 3 m long, with a cross- sectional area of 25 dm^2. After being built, a pulse tracer test on the reactor gave the following data: tm = 10 s and σ2 = 65 s2. What conversion can be expected in the real reactor?

Answers

Answer:

The conversion in the real reactor is = 88%

Explanation:

conversion = 98% = 0.98

process rate = 0.03 m^3/s

length of reactor = 3 m

cross sectional area of reactor = 25 dm^2

pulse tracer test results on the reactor :

mean residence time ( tm) = 10 s and variance (∝2) = 65 s^2

note:  space time (t) =

t = [tex]\frac{A*L}{Vo}[/tex]   Vo = flow metric flow rate , L = length of reactor , A = cross sectional area of the reactor

therefore (t) = [tex]\frac{25*3*10^{-2} }{0.03}[/tex] = 25 s

since the reaction is in first order

X = 1 - [tex]e^{-kt}[/tex]

[tex]e^{-kt}[/tex] = 1 - X

kt = In [tex]\frac{1}{1-X}[/tex]

k = In [tex]\frac{1}{1-X}[/tex] / t  

X = 98% = 0.98 (conversion in PFR ) insert the value into the above equation then  

K = 0.156 [tex]s^{-1}[/tex]

Calculating Da for a closed vessel

; Da = tk

      = 25 * 0.156 = 3.9

calculate Peclet number Per using this equation

0.65 = [tex]\frac{2}{Per} - \frac{2}{Per^2} ( 1 - e^{-per})[/tex]

therefore

[tex]\frac{2}{Per} - \frac{2}{Per^2} (1 - e^{-per}) - 0.65 = 0[/tex]

solving the Non-linear equation above( Per = 1.5 )

Attached is the Remaining part of the solution

A 2.75-kN tensile load is applied to a test coupon made from 1.6-mm flat steel plate (E = 200 GPa, ν = 0.30). Determine the resulting change in (a) the 50-mm gage length, (b) the width of portion AB of the test coupon, (c) the thickness of portion AB, (d) the cross- sectional area of portion AB.

Answers

Answer:

I have attached the diagram for this question below. Consult it for better understanding.

Find the cross sectional area AB:

A = (1.6mm)(12mm) = 19.2 mm² = 19.2 × 10⁻⁶m

Forces is given by:

F = 2.75 × 10³ N

Horizontal Stress can be found by:

σ (x) = F/A

σ (x) = 2.75 × 10³ / 19.2 × 10⁻⁶m

σ (x) = 143.23 × 10⁶ Pa

Horizontal Strain can be found by:

ε (x) = σ (x)/ E

ε (x) = 143.23 × 10⁶ / 200 × 10⁹

ε (x) = 716.15 × 10⁻⁶

Find Vertical Strain:

ε (y) = -v · ε (y)

ε (y) = -(0.3)(716.15 × 10⁻⁶)

ε (y) = -214.84 × 10⁻⁶

PART (a)

For L = 0.05m

Change (x) = L · ε (x)

Change (x) = 35.808 × 10⁻⁶m

PART (b)

For W = 0.012m

Change (y) = W · ε (y)

Change (y) = -2.5781 × 10⁻⁶m

PART(c)

For t= 0.0016m

Change (z) = t · ε (z)

where

ε (z) = ε (y) ,so

Change (z) = t · ε (y)

Change (z) = -343.74 × 10⁻⁹m

PART (d)

A = A(final) - A(initial)

A = -8.25 × 10⁻⁹m²

(Consult second picture given below for understanding how to calculate area)

The resulting change in the 50-mm gauge length; the width of portion AB of the test coupon; the thickness of portion AB; the cross- sectional area of portion AB are respectively; Δx = 35.808 × 10⁻⁶ m; Δy = -2.5781 × 10⁻⁶m; Δ_z = -343.74 × 10⁻⁹m; A = -8.25 × 10⁻⁹m²

What is the stress and strain in the plate?

Let us first find the cross sectional area of AB from the image attached;

A = (1.6mm)(12mm) = 19.2 mm² = 19.2 × 10⁻⁶m

We are given;

Tensile Load; F = 2.75 kN = 2.75 × 10³ N

Horizontal Stress is calculated from the formula;

σₓ = F/A

σₓ = (2.75 × 10³)/(19.2 × 10⁻⁶)m

σₓ = 143.23 × 10⁶ Pa

Horizontal Strain is calculated from;

εₓ = σₓ/E

We are given E = 200 GPa = 200 × 10⁹ Pa

Thus;

εₓ = (143.23 × 10⁶)/(200 × 10⁹)

εₓ = 716.15 × 10⁻⁶

Formula for Vertical Strain is;

ε_y = -ν * εₓ

We are given ν = 0.30. Thus;

ε_y  = -(0.3) * (716.15 × 10⁻⁶)

ε_y  = -214.84 × 10⁻⁶

A) We are given;

Gauge Length; L = 0.05m

Change in gauge length is gotten from;

Δx = L * εₓ

Δx = 0.05 × 716.15 × 10⁻⁶

Δx = 35.808 × 10⁻⁶ m

B) From the attached diagram, the width is;

W = 0.012m

Change in width is;

Δy = W * ε_y

Δy = 0.012 * -214.84 × 10⁻⁶

Δy = -2.5781 × 10⁻⁶m

C) We are given;

Thickness of plate; t = 1.6 mm = 0.0016m

Change in thickness;

Δ_z = t * ε_z

where;

ε_z = ε_y

Thus;

Δ_z = t * ε_y

Δ_z = 0.0016 * -214.84 × 10⁻⁶

Δ_z = -343.74 × 10⁻⁹m

D) The change in cross sectional area is gotten from;

ΔA = A_final - A_initial

From calculating the areas, we have;

A = -8.25 × 10⁻⁹ m²

Read more about stress and strain in steel plates at; https://brainly.com/question/1591712

A piston-cylinder device initially at 0.45-m3 contains nitrogen gas at 600 kPa and 300 K. Now the gas is compressed isothermally to a volume of 0.2 m3. The work done on the gas during this compression process is _____ kJ.

Answers

Answer:

219kJ

Explanation:

The work done (W) on a gas in an isothermal process is given by;

W = -P₁V₁ ln[tex]\frac{V_{2}}{V_1}[/tex]      -----------------(i)

Where;

P₁ = initial pressure of the gas

V₁ = initial volume of the gas

V₂ = final volume of the gas

From the question;

P₁ = 600kPa = 6 x 10⁵Pa

V₁ = 0.45m³

V₂ = 0.2m³

Substitute these values into equation (i) as follows;

W = -6 x 10⁵ x 0.45 x ln [tex]\frac{0.2}{0.45}[/tex]

W = -6 x 10⁵ x 0.45 x ln (0.444)

W = -6 x 10⁵ x 0.45 x -0.811

W = 2.19 x 10⁵

W = 219 x 10³

W = 219kJ

Therefore, the work done on the gas during the compression process is 219kJ

4. "ABC constriction Inc." company becomes the lowest in the bed process to get a $21
million construction project for "Northern Inc.". Now “ABC construction Inc." planning to
make a formal contract agreement with the "Northern Inc.". What are the main elements of
this agreement to consider it as a legal contract? Explain.

Answers

Answer is given below

Explanation:

Agreement is a official contract. It is written form or even in orally form. The Agreement can be written in formal or informal terms or we can use purely verbal language.

Agreement made between two or more party that allow the court to decide.  

The main 6 elements are:  

1. Offer

2. acceptance

3. consideration

4. intention to create legal relation

5. certainty

6. capacity  

1. The first elements of the contract herein are ABC Sanctions Inc., without the offer, as it is not valid under the Contract Act 1950, Contract Act.

2. Once the offer is made in the contract, acceptance must take place. The agreement must be approved by Northern Inc. When Northern Inc is clear with the offer, it will accept it once the terms and conditions of the agreement are clear.

3. Contrarification is the most important aspect of a contract, when considering a contract, the other person will give something in return. It is considered an exchange between ABC Construction Inc and Northern Inc.

4. It is necessary to have these elements in the contract. Contract law 1950 is one of the requirements of a valid contract, although there is silence about the need for a legal relationship.

5. Another important aspect of the contract is of course. The Contract Agreement sets out the terms and conditions that must be clearly understood by both ABC Contracts Inc and Northern Inc.

6. The ability of a contract to have a legal capacity on either side of the contract is more than eighteen years, since the age of 18 years is specified as the age at which the contract is entered into.

2. The block is released from rest at the position shown, figure 1. The coefficient of
kinetic friction over length ab is 0.22, and over length bc is 0.16. Using the
principle of work and energy, find the velocity with which the block passes
position c.

Answers

Answer:

Velocity = 4.73 m/s.

Explanation:

Work done by friction is;

W_f = frictional force × displacement

So; W_f = Ff * Δs = (μF_n)*Δs

where; magnitude of the normal force F_n is equal to the component of the weight perpendicular to the ramp i.e; F_n = mg*cos 24

Over the distance ab, Potential Energy change mgΔh transforms into a change in Kinetic energy and the work of friction, so;

mg(3 sin 24) = ΔKE1 + (0.22)*(mg cos 24) *(3).

Similarly, Over the distance bc, potential energy mg(2 sin 24) transforms to;

ΔKE2 + (0.16)(mg cos 24)(2).

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

1.22mg = ΔKE1 + 0.603mg

ΔKE1 = 1.22mg - 0.603mg

ΔKE1 = 0.617mg

Also,

0.813mg = ΔKE2 + 0.292mg

ΔKE2 = 0.813mg - 0.292mg

ΔKE2 = 0.521mg

Now total increase in Kinetic Energy is ΔKE1 + ΔKE2

Thus,

Total increase in kinetic energy = 0.617mg + 0.521m = 1.138mg

Putting 9.81 for g to give;

Total increase in kinetic energy = 11.164m

Finally, if v = 0 m/s at point a, then at point c, KE = ½mv² = 11.164m

m cancels out to give; ½v² = 11.164

v² = 2 × 11.164

v² = 22.328

v = √22.328

v = 4.73 m/s.

A very large thin plate is centered in a gap of width 0.06 m with a different oils of unknown viscosities above and below; one viscosity is twice the other. When the plate is pulled at a velocity of 0.3 m/s, the resulting force on one square meter of plate due to the viscous shear on both sides is 29 N. Assuming viscous flow and neglecting all end effects calculate the viscosities of the oils.

Answers

Answer:

The viscosities of the oils are 0.967 Pa.s and 1.933 Pa.s

Explanation:

Assuming the two oils are Newtonian fluids.

From Newton's law of viscosity for Newtonian fluids, we know that the shear stress is proportional to the velocity gradient with the viscosity serving as the constant of proportionality.

τ = μ (∂v/∂y)

There are oils above and below the plate, so we can write this expression for the both cases.

τ₁ = μ₁ (∂v/∂y)

τ₂ = μ₂ (∂v/∂y)

dv = 0.3 m/s

dy = (0.06/2) = 0.03 m (the plate is centered in a gap of width 0.06 m)

τ₁ = μ₁ (0.3/0.03) = 10μ₁

τ₂ = μ₂ (0.3/0.03) = 10μ₂

But the shear stress on the plate is given as 29 N per square meter.

τ = 29 N/m²

But this stress is a sum of stress due to both shear stress above and below the plate

τ = τ₁ + τ₂ = 10μ₁ + 10μ₂ = 29

But it is also given that one viscosity is twice the other

μ₁ = 2μ₂

10μ₁ + 10μ₂ = 29

10(2μ₂) + 10μ₂ = 29

30μ₂ = 29

μ₂ = (29/30) = 0.967 Pa.s

μ₁ = 2μ₂ = 2 × 0.967 = 1.933 Pa.s

Hope this Helps!!!

for an electromotive force to be induced across a vertical loop from the field of an infinite length line of fixed current in the z axis the loop must be moving to?​

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "[tex]a_{x}[/tex] or [tex]a_{y}[/tex]".

Explanation:

Since along that same z-axis none electromagnetic field would be triggered as being in the same orientation loop movement of them across different line portions would allow some caused emf/voltage to be canceled. And the only logical choice seems to be either x or y-axes.The magnetic field of fluctuation should indeed be changed and changed across both X as well as Y directions.

So that the above is the appropriate choice.

Q#1: Provide an example of a software project that would be amenable to the following models. Be specific. a. Waterfall b. Prototype c. Extreme Programming

Answers

Answer:

Waterfall model

Explanation:

The waterfall model is amenable to the projects. It focused on the data structure. The software architecture and detail about the procedure. It will interfere with the procedure. It interfaces with the characterization of the objects. The waterfall model is the first model that is introduced first. This model also called a linear sequential life cycle model.

The waterfall model is very easy to use. This is the earliest approach of the SDLC.

There are different phase of the waterfall:

Requirement analysisSystem DesignImplementationTestingDeploymentMaintenance

a. Derive linear density expressions for BCC [110] and [111] directions in terms of the atomic radius R.
b. Compute and compare linear density values for these same two directions for iron (Fe).

Answers

A) The linear density expressions for BCC [110] and [111] directions in terms of the atomic radius R are;

i) LD_110 = √3/(4R√2)

ii) LD_111 = 1/(2R)

B) The linear density values for these same two directions for iron (Fe) are;

i) LD_110 = 2.4 × 10^(9) m^(-1)

ii) LD_111 = 4 × 10^(9) m^(-1)

Calculating Linear Density of Crystalline Structures

A) i) To find linear density expression for BCC 110, first of all we will calculate the length of the vector using the length of the unit cell which is 4R/√3 and the cell edge length which is 4R. Thus, the vector length can now be calculated from this expression;

√((4R)² - (4R/√3)²)

This reduces to; 4R√(1 - 1/3) = 4R√(2/3)

Now, the expression for the linear density of this direction is;

LD_110 =

Number of atoms centered on (110) direction/vector length of 110 direction

In this case, there is only one atom centered on the 110 direction. Thus;

LD_110 = 1/(4R√(2/3))

LD_110 = √3/(4R√2)

ii)  The length of the vector for the direction 111 is equal to 4R, since

all of the atoms whose centers the vector passes through touch one another. In addition, the vector passes through an equivalent of 2 complete atoms. Thus, the linear density is;

LD_111 = 2/(4R) = 1/(2R)

B)i) From tables, the atomic radius for iron is 0.124 nm or 0.124 x 10^(-9) m. Therefore, the linear density for the [110] direction is;

LD_110 = √3/(4R√2) = √3/(4*0.124*10^(-9)(√2))

LD_110 = 2.4 × 10^(9) m^(-1)

ii) for the 111 direction, we have;

LD_111 = 1/(2R) = 1/(2*0.124*10^(-9))

LD_111 = 4 × 10^(9) m^(-1)

Read more about Linear Density of Crystalline Structures at; https://brainly.com/question/14831455

A horizontal turbine takes in steam with an enthalpy of h = 2.80 MJ/kg at 45 m/s. A steam-water mixture exits the turbine with an enthalpy of h = 1.55 MJ/kg at 20 m/s. If the heat loss to the surroundings from the turbine is 300 J/s, determine the power the fluid supplies to the turbine. The mass flow rate is 0.85 kg/s.

Answers

Answer:

The power that fluid supplies to the turbine is 1752.825 kilowatts.

Explanation:

A turbine is a device that works usually at steady state. Given that heat losses exists and changes in kinetic energy are not negligible, the following expression allows us to determine the power supplied by the fluid to the turbine by the First Law of Thermodynamics:

[tex]-\dot Q_{loss} - \dot W_{out} + \dot m \cdot \left[(h_{in}-h_{out}) + \frac{1}{2}\cdot (v_{in}^{2}-v_{out}^{2}) \right] = 0[/tex]

Output power is cleared:

[tex]\dot W_{out} = -\dot Q_{loss} + \dot m \cdot \left[(h_{in}-h_{out})+\frac{1}{2}\cdot (v_{in}^{2}-v_{out}^{2}) \right][/tex]

If [tex]\dot Q_{loss} = 0.3\,kW[/tex], [tex]\dot m = 0.85\,\frac{kg}{s}[/tex], [tex]h_{in} = 2800\,\frac{kJ}{kg}[/tex], [tex]h_{out} = 1550\,\frac{kJ}{kg}[/tex], [tex]v_{in} = 45\,\frac{m}{s}[/tex] and [tex]v_{out} = 20\,\frac{m}{s}[/tex], then:

[tex]\dot W_{out} = -0.3\,kW + \left(0.85\,\frac{kg}{s} \right)\cdot \left\{\left(2800\,\frac{kJ}{kg}-1550\,\frac{kJ}{kg} \right)+\frac{1}{2}\cdot \left[\left(45\,\frac{m}{s} \right)^{2}-\left(20\,\frac{m}{s} \right)^{2}\right] \right\}[/tex]

[tex]\dot W_{out} = 1752.825\,kW[/tex]

The power that fluid supplies to the turbine is 1752.825 kilowatts.

An 60-m long wire of 5-mm diameter is made of steel with E = 200 GPa and ultimate tensile strength of 400 MPa. If a factor of safety of 3.2 is desired, determine (a) the allowable tension in the wire (b) the corresponding elongation of the wire

Answers

Answer:

a) 2.45 KN

b) 0.0375 m

Explanation:

[tex](a) \quad \sigma_{v}=400 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{Pa} \quad A=\frac{\pi}{4} d^{2}=\frac{\pi}{4}(5)^{2}=19.635 \mathrm{mm}^{2}=19.635 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{m}^{2}[/tex]

[tex]P_{U}=\sigma_{U} A=\left(400 \times 10^{6}\right)\left(19.635 \times 10^{-6}\right)=7854 \mathrm{N}[/tex]

[tex]P_{\text {al }}=\frac{P_{U}}{F S}=\frac{7854}{3.2}=2454 \mathrm{N}[/tex]

(b) [tex]\quad \delta=\frac{P L}{A E}=\frac{(2454)(60)}{\left(19.635 \times 10^{-6}\right)\left(200 \times 10^{9}\right)}=37.5 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{m}[/tex]

If the 1550-lb boom AB, the 190-lb cage BCD, and the 169-lb man have centers of gravity located at points G1, G2 and G3, respectively, determine the resultant moment produced by all the weights about point A.

Answers

Answer:

hello the required diagram is missing attached to the answer is the required diagram

7.9954 kip.ft

Explanation:

AB = 1550-Ib ( weight acting on AB )

BCD = 190 - Ib ( weight of cage )

169-Ib = weight of man inside cage

Attached is the free hand diagram of the question

calculate distance [tex]x![/tex]

= cos 75⁰ = [tex]\frac{x^!}{10ft}[/tex]

    [tex]x! = 10 * cos 75^{o}[/tex] = 2.59 ft

calculate distance x

= cos 75⁰ = [tex]\frac{x}{30ft}[/tex]

x = 30 * cos 75⁰ = 7.765 ft

The resultant moment  produced by all the weights about point A

∑ Ma = 0

Ma = 1550 * [tex]x![/tex] + 190 ( x + 2.5 ) + 169 ( x + 2.5 + 1.75 )

Ma = 1550 * 2.59 + 190 ( 7.765 + 2.5 ) + 169 ( 7.765 + 2.5 + 1.75 )

      = 4014.5 + 1950.35 + 2030.535

      = 7995.385 ft. Ib ≈ 7.9954 kip.ft

An Ideal gas is being heated in a circular duct as while flowing over an electric heater of 130 kW. The diameter of duct is 500 mm. The gas enters the heating section of the duct at 100 kPa and 27 deg C with a volume flow rate of 15 m3/s. If heat is lost from the gas in the duct to the surroundings at a rate of 80 kW, Calculate the exit temperature of the gas in deg C. (Assume constant pressure, ideal gas, negligible change in kinetic and potential energies and constant specific heat; Cp =1000 J/kg K; R = 500 J/kg K)

Answers

Answer:

Exit temperature = 32°C

Explanation:

We are given;

Initial Pressure;P1 = 100 KPa

Cp =1000 J/kg.K = 1 KJ/kg.k

R = 500 J/kg.K = 0.5 Kj/Kg.k

Initial temperature;T1 = 27°C = 273 + 27K = 300 K

volume flow rate;V' = 15 m³/s

W = 130 Kw

Q = 80 Kw

Using ideal gas equation,

PV' = m'RT

Where m' is mass flow rate.

Thus;making m' the subject, we have;

m' = PV'/RT

So at inlet,

m' = P1•V1'/(R•T1)

m' = (100 × 15)/(0.5 × 300)

m' = 10 kg/s

From steady flow energy equation, we know that;

m'•h1 + Q = m'h2 + W

Dividing through by m', we have;

h1 + Q/m' = h2 + W/m'

h = Cp•T

Thus,

Cp•T1 + Q/m' = Cp•T2 + W/m'

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

(1*300) - (80/10) = (1*T2) - (130/10)

Q and M negative because heat is being lost.

300 - 8 + 13 = T2

T2 = 305 K = 305 - 273 °C = 32 °C

For better thermal control it is common to make catalytic reactors that have many tubes packed with catalysts inside a larger shell (just like a shell and tube heat exchanger). Consider one tube inside such a reactor that is 2.5 m long with an inside diameter of 0.025 m. The catalyst is alumina spheres with a diameter of 0.003 m. The particle density is 1300 kg/m3 and the bed void fraction is 0.38. Compute the pressure drop seen for a superficial mass flux of 4684 kg/m2hr. The feed is methane at a pressure of 5 bar and 400 K. At these conditions the density of the gas is 0.15 mol/dm-3 and the viscosity is 1.429 x 10-5 Pa s.

Answers

Answer:

the  pressure drop  is 0.21159 atm

Explanation:

Given that:

length of the reactor L = 2.5 m

inside diameter of the reactor d= 0.025 m

diameter of alumina sphere [tex]dp[/tex]= 0.003 m

particle density  = 1300 kg/m³

the bed void fraction [tex]\in =[/tex]  0.38

superficial mass flux m = 4684 kg/m²hr

The Feed is  methane with pressure P = 5 bar and temperature T = 400 K

Density of the methane gas [tex]\rho[/tex] = 0.15 mol/dm ⁻³

viscosity of methane gas [tex]\mu[/tex] = 1.429  x 10⁻⁵ Pas

The objective is to determine the pressure drop.

Let first convert the Density of the methane gas from 0.15 mol/dm ⁻³  to kg/m³

SO; we have :

Density =  0.15 mol/dm ⁻³  

Molar mass of methane gas (CH₄) = (12 + (1×4) ) = 16 mol

Density =  [tex]0.1 5 *\dfrac{16}{0.1^3}[/tex]

Density =  2400

Density [tex]\rho_f[/tex] =  2.4 kg/m³

Density = mass /volume

Thus;

Volume = mass/density

Volume of the methane gas =  4684 kg/m²hr / 2.4 kg/m³

Volume of the methane gas = 1951.666 m/hr

To m/sec; we have :

Volume of the methane gas = 1951.666 * 1/3600 m/sec = 0.542130 m/sec

[tex]Re = \dfrac{dV \rho}{\mu}[/tex]

[tex]Re = \dfrac{0.025*0.5421430*2.4}{1.429*10^5}[/tex]

[tex]Re=2276.317705[/tex]

For Re > 1000

[tex]\dfrac{\Delta P}{L}=\dfrac{1.75 \rho_f(1- \in)v_o}{\phi_sdp \in^3}[/tex]

[tex]\dfrac{\Delta P}{2.5}=\dfrac{(1.75 *2.4)(1- 0.38)*0.542130}{1*0.003 (0.38)^3}[/tex]

[tex]\Delta P=8575.755212*2.5[/tex]

[tex]\Delta = 21439.38803 \ Pa[/tex]

To atm ; we have

[tex]\Delta P = \dfrac{21439.38803 }{101325}[/tex]

[tex]\Delta P =0.2115903087 \ atm[/tex]

ΔP  ≅  0.21159 atm

Thus; the  pressure drop  is 0.21159 atm

It is proposed to use water instead of refrigerant-134a as the working fluid in air-conditioning applications where the minimum temperature never falls below the freezing point. Can water be used as the working fluid in air-conditioning applications?

Answers

Answer:

No, water can't be used.

Explanation:

No, water cannot be used as the working fluid in air-conditioning applications.

This is because, if we assume the water is maintained at 10°C in the evaporator, the evaporator pressure will now be the saturation pressure that corresponds to this pressure, which in this case would be 1.2 kPa.

So we can conclude that for the refrigerants in the evaporator the temperature of a saturated pressure would be very low and so it's not practical to maintain it with water

Thus, it's is not practical to design refrigeration or air conditioning devices with water as the working fluid because it will involve extremely low pressures.

5. Germanium forms a substitutional solid solution with silicon. Compute the number of germanium atoms per cubic centimeter for a germanium-silicon alloy that contains 15 wt% Ge and 85 wt% Si. The densities of pure germanium and silicon are 5.32 and 2.33 g/cm3, respectively. Atomic weight of Ge is 72.64 g/mol

Answers

Answer:

There are [tex]6.624 \times 10^{21}\,atoms[/tex] of Germanium in a germanium-silicon alloy that contains 15 wt% Ge and 85 wt% Si.

Explanation:

The masses of silicon and germanium contained in a cubic centimeter of the germanium-silicon alloy by apply the concepts of mass ([tex]m[/tex]), density ([tex]\rho[/tex]) and volume ([tex]V[/tex]), as well as the mass-mass proportion of Germanium ([tex]x[/tex]):

[tex]m_{Ge} = x \cdot \rho_{Ge}\cdot V_{sample}[/tex]

[tex]m_{Ge} = 0.15\cdot \left(5.32\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}} \right)\cdot (1\,cm^{3})[/tex]

[tex]m_{Ge} = 0.798\,g[/tex]

The amount of moles of Germanium is obtained after dividing previous outcome by its atomic weight. That is to say:

[tex]n = \frac{m_{Ge}}{M_{Ge}}[/tex]

[tex]n = \frac{0.798\,g}{72.64\,\frac{g}{mol} }[/tex]

[tex]n = 0.011\,mol[/tex]

There are 0.011 moles in a cubic centimeter of the germanium-silicon alloy. According to the Law of Avogadro, there are [tex]6.022 \times 10^{23}\,atoms[/tex] in a mole of Germanium. The quantity of atoms in a cubic centimeter is therefore found by simple rule of three:

[tex]y = \frac{0.011\,mol}{1\,mol}\times \left(6.022\times 10^{23}\,\frac{atoms}{mole} \right)[/tex]

[tex]y = 6.624 \times 10^{21}\,atoms[/tex]

There are [tex]6.624 \times 10^{21}\,atoms[/tex] of Germanium in a germanium-silicon alloy that contains 15 wt% Ge and 85 wt% Si.

Consider a refrigerator that consumes 400 W of electric power when it is running. If the refrigerator runs only one-quarter of the time and the unit cost of electricity is $0.13/kWh, what is the electricity cost of this refrigerator per month (30 days)

Answers

Answer:

Electricity cost = $9.36

Explanation:

Given:

Electric power = 400 W = 0.4 KW

Unit cost of electricity = $0.13/kWh

Overall time = 1/4 (30 days) (24 hours) = 180 hours

Find:

Electricity cost

Computation:

Electricity cost = Electric power  x Unit cost of electricity x Overall time

Electricity cost = 0.4 x $0.13 x 180

Electricity cost = $9.36

Given:

Electric power = 400 W = 0.4 KW

Over all Time  = 30(1/4) = 7.5 days

Unit cost of electricity = $0.13/kWh

Find:

Electricity cost.

Computation:

Electricity cost = Electric power x Unit cost of electricity x Over all Time

Electricity cost = 0.4 x 0.13 x 7.5

Electricity cost = $

A well-insulated, rigid tank has a volume of 1 m3and is initially evacuated. A valve is opened,and the surrounding air enters at 1 bar, 27 °C. Heat is transferredto the tank by an electric resister at a constant rate for 5 minutes. After heating, the tank pressure is 1 bar and the temperature is 477 °C. Air can be modeled as an ideal gas. Find the power input required, in kW

Answers

Answer:

0.5 kW

Explanation:

The given parameters are;

Volume of tank = 1 m³

Pressure of air entering tank = 1 bar

Temperature of air = 27°C = 300.15 K

Temperature after heating  = 477 °C = 750.15 K

V₂ = 1 m³

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

P₁ = P₂

V₁ = T₁×V₂/T₂ = 300.15 * 1 /750.15 = 0.4 m³

[tex]dQ = m \times c_p \times (T_2 -T_1)[/tex]

For ideal gas, [tex]c_p[/tex] = 5/2×R = 5/2*0.287 = 0.7175 kJ

PV = NKT

N = PV/(KT) = 100000×1/(750.15×1.38×10⁻²³)

N = 9.66×10²⁴

Number of moles of air = 9.66×10²⁴/(6.02×10²³) = 16.05 moles

The average mass of one mole of air = 28.8 g

Therefore, the total mass = 28.8*16.05 = 462.135 g = 0.46 kg

∴ dQ = 0.46*0.7175*(750.15 - 300.15) = 149.211 kJ

The power input required = The rate of heat transfer = 149.211/(60*5)

The power input required = 0.49737 kW ≈ 0.5 kW.

An airplane flies from San Francisco to Washington DC at an air speed of 800 km/hr. Assume Washington is due east of San Francisco at a distance of 6000 km. Use a Cartesian system of coordinates centered at San Francisco with Washington in the positive x-direction. At cruising altitude, there is a cross wind blowing from north to south of 100 km/hr.

Required:
a. What must be the direction of flight for the plane to actually arrive in Washington?
b. What is the speed in the San Francisco to Washington direction?
c. How long does it take to cover this distance?
d. What is the time difference compared to no crosswind?

Answers

Answer:

A.) 7.13 degree north east

B.) 806.23 km/h

C.) 7.44 hours

D.) 0.06 hours

Explanation:

Assume Washington is due east of San Francisco and Francisco with Washington in the positive x-direction

Also, the cross wind is blowing from north to south of 100 km/hr in y coordinate direction.

A.) Using Cartesian system of coordinates, the direction of flight for the plane to actually arrive in Washington can be calculated by using the formula

Tan Ø = y/x

Substitute y = 100 km/h and x = 800km/h

Tan Ø = 100/800

Tan Ø = 0.125

Ø = Tan^-1(0. 125)

Ø = 7.13 degrees north east.

Therefore, the direction of flight for the plane to actually arrive in Washington is 7.13 degree north east

B.) The speed in the San Francisco to Washington direction can be achieved by using pythagorean theorem

Speed = sqrt ( 800^2 + 100^2)

Speed = sqrt (650000)

Speed = 806.23 km/h

C.) Let us use the speed formula

Speed = distance / time

Substitute the speed and distance into the formula

806.23 = 6000/ time

Make Time the subject of formula

Time = 6000/806.23

Time = 7.44 hours

D.) If there is no cross wind,

Time = 6000/800

Time = 7.5 hour

Time difference = 7.5 - 7.44

Time difference = 0.06 hours

Waste cooking oil is to be stored for processing by pouring it into tank A, which is connected by a manometer to tank B. The manometer is completely filled with water. Measurements indicate that the material of tank B will fail and the tank will burst if the air pressure in tank B exceeds 18 kPa. To what height h can waste oil be poured into tank A? If air is accidentally trapped in the manometer line, what will be the error in the calculation of the height?

Answers

KINDLY NOTE that there is a picture in the question. Check the picture below for the picture.

==================================

Answer:

(1). 1.2 metres.

(2). There is going to be the same pressure.

Explanation:

From the question above we can take hold of the statement Below because it is going to assist or help us in solving this particular Question or problem;

" Measurements indicate that the material of tank B will fail and the tank will burst if the air pressure in tank B exceeds 18 kPa."

=> Also, the density of oil = 930

That is if Pressure, P in B > 18kpa there will surely be a burst.

The height, h the can waste oil be poured into tank A is;

The maximum pressure  = height × acceleration due to gravity × density) + ( acceleration due to gravity × density × height, j).

18 × 10^3 = (height, h ×  10 × 930) + 10 × (2 - 1.25) × 1000.

When we make height, h the Subject of the formula then;

Approximately, Height, h = 1.2 metres.

(2). If air is accidentally trapped in the manometer line, what will be the error in the calculation of the height we will have the same pressure.

Eight switches are connected to PORTB and eight LEDs are connected to PORTA. We would like to monitor the first two least significant bits of PORTB (use masking technique). Whenever both of these bits are set, switch all LEDs of Port A on for one second. Assume that the name of the delay subroutine is DELAY. You do not need to write the code for the delay procedure.

Answers

Answer:

In this example, the delay procedure is given below in the explanation section

Explanation:

Solution

The delay procedure is given below:

LDS # $4000 // load initial memory

LDAA #$FF

STAA  DDRA

LDAA #$00 //load address

STAA DDRB

THERE LDAA PORT B

           ANDA   #%00000011// port A and port B

           CMPA   #%0000011

           BNE     THERE

           LDAA   #$FF

           STAA    PORT A

           JSR       DELAY

           LDAA    #$00

           STAA     PORT A

           BACK     BRA BACK

Q: Draw shear and bending moment diagram for the beam shown in
the figure. EI= constant






Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Please

The benefit of using the generalized enthalpy departure chart prepared by using PR and TR as the parameters instead of P and T is that the single chart can be used for all gases instead of a single particular gas.

a. True
b. False

Answers

The answer is: a. True

A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 54.8 MPa (50 ksi ) is exposed to a stress of 2023 MPa (293400 psi). Assume that the parameter Y has a value of 1.14. (a) If the largest surface crack is 0.2 mm (0.007874 in.) long, determine the critical stress .

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The formula for critical stress is

[tex]\sigma_c=\frac{K}{Y\sqrt{\pi a} }[/tex]

[tex]\sigma_c =\texttt{critical stress}[/tex]

K is the plane strain fracture toughness

Y is dimensionless parameters

We are to Determine the Critical stress

Now replacing the critical stress with 54.8

a with 0.2mm = 0.2 x 10⁻³

Y with 1

[tex]\sigma_c=\frac{54.8}{1\sqrt{\pi \times 0.2\times10^{-3}} } \\\\=\frac{54.8}{\sqrt{6.283\times10^{-4}} } \\\\=\frac{54.8}{0.025} \\\\=2186.20Mpa[/tex]

The fracture will not occur because this material can handle a stress of 2186.20Mpa  before fracture. it is obvious that is greater than 2023Mpa

Therefore, the specimen does not failure for surface crack of 0.2mm

Cathy works in a welding shop. While working one day, a pipe falls from scaffolding above and lands on her head, injuring her. Cathy complains to OSHA, but the company argues that because it has a "watch out for falling pipe" sign in the workplace that it gave fair warning. It also says that if Cathy wasn’t wearing a hardhat that she is responsible for her own injury. Which of the following is true?1. Common law rules could hold Cathy responsible for her own injury.2. Cathy’s employer may not be held liable for her injury if it fulfilled compliance and general duty requirements.3. OSHA rules can hold Cathy’s employer responsible for not maintaining a hazard-free workplace.4. More than one answer is correct.

Answers

Answer:1 common law

Explanation:

It also says that if Cathy wasn’t wearing a hardhat hat she is responsible for her own injury, more than one answer is correct.

What are OSHA rules?

In this case, if Cathy's employer completes compliance and general duty requirements then the organization may not be held liable and again, the law can generally hold Cathy responsible for the injuries as she was not wearing the proper kits for such work.

According to OSHA, Cathy’s employer may not be held liable for her injury if it fulfilled compliance and general duty requirements.

You are entitled to a secure workplace. To stop workers from being murdered or suffering other types of harm at work, the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) was passed. According to the legislation, companies are required to give their workers safe working environments.

Therefore, more than one answer is correct.

Learn more about OSHA, here:

https://brainly.com/question/13127795

#SPJ2

Time, budget, and safety are almost always considered to be
1. Efficiency
2. Constraints
3. Trade-offs
4. Criteria

Answers

Answer:

The answer is option # 2. (Constraints).

the answer is constraints

As an engineer who has just finished taking engineering materials course, your first task is to investigate the causes of an automobile accident. Your findings show that the right rear wheel has broken off at the axle. The axle is bent. The fracture surface reveals a Chevron pattern pointing toward the surface of the axle. Suggest a possible cause for the fracture and why?

Answers

Answer is given below

Explanation:

Evidence shows that the axle was not broken before the accident, while the clumsy axle meant that the wheel was still attached when the load was applied. This indicates that the Chevron prototype wheel suffered a severe impact shock, which caused the failure of the transmission to the axle. Preliminary evidence suggests that the driver lost control and crashed. Further examination of the surface, microstructure and structure and characteristics of the fracture can be modified if the axle is properly prepared

When using an alternative method of sizing with two vent connectors for draft hood-equipped water heaters, the effective area of the common vent connector or vent manifold and all junction fittings shall not be less than the area of the larger vent connector plus _____ percent of the areas of smaller flue collar outlets

Answers

Answer:

Fifty (50) percent. [50%]

Explanation:

Water heater is a home appliance that comprises of an electric or gas heating unit as well as a water-tank where water is heated and stored for use.

When using an alternative method of sizing with two vent connectors for draft hood-equipped water heaters, the effective area of the common vent connector or vent manifold and all junction fittings shall not be less than the area of the larger vent connector plus fifty (50) percent of the areas of smaller flue collar outlets.

A water heater is primarily vented with an approved and standardized plastic or metallic pipe such as flue or chimney, which allows gas to flow out of the water heater into the surrounding environment.

For a draft hood-equipped water heater, both the water heater and the barometric draft regulators must be installed in the same room. Also, the technician should ensure that the vent is through a concealed space such as conduit and should be labeled as Type L or Type B.

The minimum capacity of a water heater should be calculated based on the number of bathrooms, bedrooms and its first hour rating.

Engine oil (unused) flows at 1.81 x 10^-3 kg/s inside a 1-cm diameter tube that is heated electrically at a rate of 76 W/m. At a particular location where flow and heat transfer are fully developed, the wall temperature is 370K. Determine:

a. The oil mean temperature.
b. The centerline temperature.
c. The axial gradient of the mean temperature.
d. The heat transfer coefficient.

Answers

Answer:

(a)Tb = 330.12 K (b)Tc =304.73 K (c)19.81 K/m (d) h =60.65 W/m². K

Explanation:

Solution

Given that:

The mass flow rate of engine oil m = 1.81 x 10^-3 kg/s

Diameter of the tube, D = 1cm =0.01 m

Electrical heat rate, q =76 W/m

Wall Temperature, Ts = 370 K

Now,

From the properties table of engine oil we can deduce as follows:

thermal conductivity, k =0.139 W/m .K

Density, ρ = 854 kg/m³

Specific heat, cp = 2120 J/kg.K

(a) Thus

The wall heat flux is given as follows:

qs = q/πD

=76/π *0.01

= 2419.16 W/m²

Now

The oil mean temperature is given as follows:

Tb =Ts -11/24 (q.R/k) (R =D/2=0.01/2 = 0.005 m)

Tb =370 - 11/24 * (2419.16 * 0.005/0.139)

Tb = 330.12 K

(b) The center line temperature is given below:

Tc =Ts - 3/4 (qs.R/k)= 370 - 3/4 * ( 2419.16 * 0.005/0.139)

Tc =304.73 K

(c) The flow velocity is given as follows:

V = m/ρ (πR²)

Now,

The The axial gradient of the mean temperature is given below:

dTb/dx = 2 *qs/ρ *V*cp * R

=2 *qs/ρ*[m/ρ (πR²) *cp * R

=2 *qs/[m/(πR)*cp

dTb/dx = 2 * 2419.16/[1.81 x 10^-3/(π * 0.005)]* 2120

dTb/dx = 19.81 K/m

(d) The heat transfer coefficient is given below:

h =48/11 (k/D)

=48/11 (0.139/0.01)

h =60.65 W/m². K

An Ideal gas is being heated in a circular duct as while flowing over an electric heater of 130 kW. The diameter of duct is 500 mm. The gas enters the heating section of the duct at 100 kPa and 27 deg C with a volume flow rate of 15 m3/s. If heat is lost from the gas in the duct to the surroundings at a rate of 80 kW, Calculate the exit temperature of the gas in deg C. (Assume constant pressure, ideal gas, negligible change in kinetic and potential energies and constant specific heat; Cp =1000 J/kg K; R = 500 J/kg K

Answers

Answer:

The exit temperature of the gas = 32° C

Explanation:

Solution

Given that:

Inlet temperature T₁ = 27°C ≈ 300.15 K

Inlet pressure P₁ = 100 KPa = 100 * 10^3 Pa

Volume flow rate , V = 15 m/s³

Diameter of the deduct, D = 500 mm = 0.5 m

Electric heater power, W heater = 130 kW = 130 * 10^3 W

The heat lost Q = 80 kW =  80 * 10^3 W

Now,

From the ideal gas law, density of the air at the inlet is given as :

ρ₁ = P₁/RT₁ = 100 * 10^3/500 * 300

=0.6667 kg/m³

The mass flow rate through the duct is computed below:

m = ρ₁ V = 0.6667 * 15 = 10 kg/s

Thus

Applying the first law of thermodynamics to the process is shown below:

Q + m (h₁ + V₁²/2 + gz₁) = m (h₂ + V₂²/2 + gz₂) + W (Conservation energy)

So,

If we neglect the potential and kinetic energy changes of the air, the above equation can be written again as:

Q + m (h₁) = m (h₂) + W

or

Q - W heater =m (h₂ - h₁) or Q - W heater =m (T₂ - T₁)

Thus

h₂ - h₁ = Cp T₂ - T₁

Now by method of substitution the known values are:

(- 80 *10^3) - (-130 * 10^3) = 10 * 100 * (T₂ -27)

Note: The heat transfer is  taken as negative because the heat is lost by the gas and work done is also taken as negative because the work is done on the gas

So,

Solving for T₂,

T₂ = 32° C

Therefore the exit temperature of the gas = 32° C

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