As NO(g) is added the volume of oxygen in the measuring tube is decreasing. gives the best interpretation of the negative slope observed in this experiment.
The energy-producing chemical process known as respiration, which powers the metabolisms of most living organisms, depends heavily on oxygen. Many other organisms, including humans, depend on the oxygen in the air we breathe to maintain life.
Nitrogen is oxidized to produce the colorless, poisonous gas known as nitric oxide (NO), sometimes known as nitrogen monoxide. In both humans and other animals, nitric oxide (NO)is a key chemical signaling agent that also has a number of medical uses. It only has a few industrial uses.
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how many electrons does each sphere contain? (the atomic mass of aluminum is 26.982g/mol26.982g/mol , and its atomic number is 1313 .)
72.8 x 10²³ electrons each sphere contain.
How to solve ?m = mass of each aluminium sphere = 0.0250 kg = 0.0250 x 1000 g 25g
M = atomic mass = 26.982 g/mol
n = number of moles
Number of moles is given as
n = m/M
n = 25/26.982
n = 0.93
N₀ = Avogadro's number = 6.023 x 10²³
N = number of atoms
Number of atoms is given as
N = n N₀
N = (0.93) (6.023 x 10²³) = 5.6 x 10²³ atoms
= number of electrons per atom = 13
= total number of electrons
Total number of electrons are given as
= N
= (13) (5.6 x 10²³)
= 72.8 x 10²³ electrons
What is charge electron ?The mass of an electron is roughly 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton, and it has an electric charge of 1. The letter e is typically used to represent electron charge. It is a fundamental physical constant that is used to express the 1.602 10-19 coulomb, which is the unit of naturally occurring electric charge.
Do electrons have a charge?Negative charge characterizes electrons. Proton and electron charges have exactly the same size but in the opposite direction. There is no charge on a neutron. Protons and electrons are drawn to one another because their charges are in opposition.
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striking a match to make it burn is an example of a(n) change. a.) chemical b.) elemental c.) atomic d.) physical
An example of supplying activation energy to a chemical reaction is striking a match to make it burn. A match's combustion is a highly exothermic energy process.
Energy-releasing processes are said to be positive since the chemical reactions end products are in a more stable and advantageous condition afterward. It's because the reactions follow a predetermined course, and that course necessitates the use of energy (known as activation energy) in order to create an activated complex chemical reaction, which will ultimately result in the synthesis of the products. This implies that in order to begin, the products must absorb some energy (the activation energy).
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under which conditions do gases behave most ideally? select all that apply. multiple select question. when gas particles are small at high temperatures at low temperatures at low pressures when gas particles repel each other
Under very low temperature or high pressure the gases behave the most ideally.
A theoretical gas known as an ideal gas is made up of several randomly moving point particles with no interparticle interactions. [1] Because it abides by the ideal gas law, a condensed equation of state, and is amenable to statistical mechanics analysis, the ideal gas concept is helpful. If, for instance, the interaction is totally elastic or is thought of as point-like collisions, the constraint of zero interaction can frequently be disregarded.
Many real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas under various temperature and pressure settings, where the gas molecules (or atoms for monatomic gases) take on the function of the ideal particles.
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in class we derived the regular solution model for a binary system . the free energy of mixing for the solution model is (expressed per mole):
Answer:
A. Gmir ZuXAXB + RT (XA lnXA + XB ln Xp) Where W = WAB (WAA + WBB) and Z = the coordination number of each atom in the crystal.
Explanation:
Free enthalpy is another name for Gibbs's free energy. The energy associated with a chemical reaction needed to carry out work is known as Gibbs-free energy.
The formula: can be used to compute Gibbs free energy.
ΔG=ΔH-TΔS.
The difference between the reaction's enthalpy and its product of changing temperature and entropy yields the Gibbs free energy.
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If 60 g of a radioactive substance naturally decays to 15 g after 16 hours, what is the half-life of the radioisotope?.
The half-life of a radioisotope is 8 hours if 60 g of such a radioactive substance spontaneously degrades to 15 g after 16 hours.
What sort of substance is a radioisotope?Uranium is the most well-known illustration of a naturally occurring radioisotope. The only other form of naturally occurring uranium , uranium, which has three less electrons in its atom and is less permanent or radioactive, makes up the remaining 0.7%.
What are the uses of radioisotopes?Utilized in investigations on the survival of red blood cells. used to sterilize medical equipment and to increase the dependability and safety of commercial fuel oil burners. used in radiography, food radiation, gauges, and treatment for cancer.
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Green plants use light from the sun to drive photosynthesis, a chemical reaction in which liquid water and carbon dioxide gas form aqueous glucose.
The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is as follows:
[tex]6CO_{2} + 6H_{2} O[/tex]→[tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} + 6O_{2}[/tex]
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar energy. Photosynthesis is a process that plants and other organisms use to convert light energy into chemical energy that can then be released to fuel the organism's activities via cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis' primary function is to convert solar energy into chemical energy and then store that chemical energy for later use. This process powers the majority of the planet's living systems. Jan Ingenhousz, a Dutch-born British physician and scientist best known for discovering photosynthesis, the process by which green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the presence of sunlight.
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A
solution of NaOH contains.
11.6 grams of solute to 150cm³ of
solution. What is the molarity
of
the solution?
Answer:
1.93 molar, or M
Explanation:
By definition, molarity is defined as moles/liter. A 0.5 molar (or M) solution will have 0.5 moles of solute per 1.0 liter. To answer this question, first calculate how many moles of NaOH there are in 11.6 grams of the compound. We'll need the miolar mass of NaOH, which is 40 grams/mole. This is found by adding the atomic masses of each atom in the compound:
Na: 23
O: 16
H: 1
Total: 40 g/mole
The moles of NaOH is found by dividing the mass by the molar mass:
(11.6 grams NaOH)/(40 g/mole NaOH) = 0.29 moles NaOH
0.29 moles NaOH is contained in 15cm^3 of solution. Convert 15cm^3 into liters (L):
(15 cm^3)*(1 ml/cm^3)*(1 liter/1000 ml) = 0.015 liters
cm^3 and ml both cancel with these conversion factors, leaving only liters, L.
The solution consists of 0.29 moles of NaOH in 0.15L. It's concentration is therefore:
(0.29 moles)/(0.015L) = 1.93 molar, or M
In general, how can you determine the mass number of the daughter product after alpha decay has taken place? how can you determine the atomic number?.
to determine the mass number of the daughter product after alpha decay has taken place Subtraction of 4 from the parent element yields the mass of the daughter product. Subtraction of 2 from the parent atom yields the atomic number of the daughter product.
Assume X is a parent element with atomic number Z and mass number A; if X decays, we obtain a daughter element Y with atomic number Z1 and mass number A1, as well as an alpha particle with atomic mass 2 and mass number 4. An alpha particle is a doubly ionised Helium atom with atomic number 2 and mass number 4.
Alpha degeneration
X4 → YA¹ + He.
The mass numbers and atomic numbers of a reaction must be balanced on either side of the equation.
→ A=A1+4
Z = Z1+2
As a result, A1 = A-4 and Z1 = Z-2.
As a result, subtracting 4 from the parent element yields the mass of the daughter product.
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what atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between and in acetic acid, ch3cooh ? ( is the second carbon in the structure as written. is the first oxygen in the structure as written.) orbital on orbital on what is the approximate c1-c2-o1 bond angle? angle
An sp2 hybrid orbital from the carbon-1 and the same from the oxygen-1 atoms combine to form the sigma bond between them.
The bond angle is approximately 120°.
The carbon-1 atom is the carbon attached to the two oxygens and the other carbon of the methyl functional group. The oxygen-1 is the carbonyl oxygen that has a double bond to carbon-1. This double bond is made up of one sigma bond and on pi bond. In order for the carbon to be attached to three atoms and be stable requires sp2 hybridization to form single bonds to the three attached atoms leaving one p-orbital available to make the pi-bond part of the double bond. Oxygen also is sp2 hybridized with the other two hybrid orbitals occupied by two pairs of nonbonding electrons. The molecular geometry associated with sp2 hybridization is trigonal planar which is flat triangular in shape with carbon-1 being in the middle. The bond angle formed between carbon-2/carbon-1/oxygen-1 will be 120° as will be the angles between carbon-2/carbon-1/oxygen-2 and oxygen-1/carbon-1/oxygen-2.
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Drag each tile to the correct location. identify the reactants and the products in this chemical equation. 2fe2o3 3c → 4fe 3co2 c co2 fe fe2o3
On the left side of the chemical process, the reactants are Fe2O3 and C. On the right side of the chemical process, the products are Fe and CO2.
Which of the following claims regarding the response listed below is true: 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(g)Because the total mass of iron and oxygen in the reactants and the product are equal, the law of conservation of mass is observed.
How can reactants be recognized?In a chemical equation, the substance or substances to the left of the arrow are referred to as reactants. When a chemical reaction first begins, a substance is said to be the reactant.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. Accumulators use weights, ___, and compressed gas to provide the energy storage needed to perform their function in hydraulic circuit.
Accumulators store energy in order to carry out their duty in a hydraulic circuit using weights, water, and compressed gas.
What is Accumulators?An accumulator is a type of energy storage system that takes, stores, and then releases energy as needed. Some accumulators take in energy at a low rate over a long period of time and discharge it at a high rate over a brief period of time. The primary function of an accumulator in a CPU is as a register for holding interim logical or numeric data during multistep calculations. It serves as a temporary storage area for such calculations.
What are accumulators used for and its example?In addition to powering chassis suspensions and reducing pressure peaks, they are used to maintain pressure, store and recover energy, and dampen shock, vibration, and pulsations. Accumulators store a volume of fluid under gas pressure that can be re-fed into the hydraulic system as needed.
Variables called accumulaters are employed to combine data from various executors. For instance, this data may relate to data or API diagnosis, such as how many records are corrupted or how frequently a specific library API was used.
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In the video, the semipermeable membrane separates the two solutions of different concentrations. Watch the video and identify which of the following statements are correct Check all that apply. View Available Hints) The solvent can ideally move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane. Solute particles can move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane. Osmosis occurs when the solvent molecules move from a solution of higher solute concentration to a solution of lower solute concentration A pressure equal to that of the osmotic pressure will result in reverse osmosis. The movement of the solvent particles from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution is known as reverse osmosis.
In the video, the semipermeable membrane separates the two solutions of different concentrations.
B. The solvent can ideally move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane.
D. The movement of the solvent particles from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution is known as reverse osmosis.
Examples of solvents Water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone are a few typical examples of solvents. A substance that can dissolve a certain solute and combine with it to produce a solution is referred to as a "solvent."
Osmosis is the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane to separate two solutions with different solute concentrations. Osmosis is the process by which a solvent is transferred from a solution with a lower solute concentration to one with a greater solute concentration.
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Complete the mechanism for the given reaction by adding the missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows. Do not delete any pre-drawn bonds, charges, or lone pairs. If you accidentally delete a vital part of the structure, use the undo button on the lower left of the drawing canvas.
By adding missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows, the mechanism for the given reaction is depicted in the attached image.
Mechanism of Organic Reaction An organic reaction mechanism is typically represented by the overall reaction type (which can be substitution, addition, elimination, oxidation, reduction, or rearrangement), the presence of any reactive intermediates, the nature of the initiating reagent, the presence of any catalysis facilitated by a catalyst, and, finally, its stereochemistry.
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a solution is prepared by dissolving 50.0 g of sucrose, c12h22o11, in 250. g of water at 25°c. what is the vapor pressure of the solution if the vapor pressure of water at 25°c is 23.76 mm hg?
The vapors pressure of water at 25°c is 23.76 mm hg is 23.51 mmHg.
Moles of the sucrose is mass/molar mass
= 50.0/342.3 = 0.1461 mol
Moles of water = mass/molar mass
= 250/18.02 = 13.87 mol
Mole fraction of water = moles of water/(moles of water + moles of sucrose)
= 13.87/(13.87 + 0.1461) = 0.9896
Vapor pressure of solution = mole fraction of water x vapor pressure of water
= 0.9896 x 23.76 = 23.51 mmHg
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or greater materials. In this sort of mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, called a solvent.
The solution is a homogeneous aggregate of 1 or extra solutes dissolved in a solvent. solvent: the substance in which a solute dissolves to supply a homogeneous aggregate.
The constituent debris of a solution is smaller than 10-9 meters in diameter. Constituent particles of a solution can not be visible to the eye. solutions do no longer scatter a beam of mild passing through it.
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The hydronium ion, H3O+, is a ________.Check all that apply.very strong baseproton acceptorpolyatomic ionproton donorunique form of waterpolyatomic ionproton donor
H3O+, or the hydronium ion, is a polyatomic ion.
H+ or OH is hydronium.It can develop in either clean water or water with an acid present. It has the chemical formula H3O+. It can also result from the fusion of an H+ ion and an H2O molecule. Three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom make up the hydronium ion, which has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
What use does hydrogen serve?The ability of hydronium to remove dead skin cells and regenerate fresh skin makes it a common ingredient in skincare products. It is mostly utilized in peeling. Numerous invention applications have demonstrated that hydronium, when combined with other compounds, is effective in treating both burns and wounds.
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a galvanic cell consists of an mg electrode in a 1.0 m mg(no3)2 solution and a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution. determine the overall cell reaction, and calculate the standard cell potential at 25°c.
A galvanic cell consists of an mg electrode in a 1.0 m mg(no3)2 solution and a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution. The overall cell reaction, E cell= 0.34v
A voltaic/Galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell. In these types of cells spontaneous reaction takes place inside it which are responsible for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Daniell cell is one of its best examples. An electrochemical cell called a galvanic cell or voltaic cell, respectively named after the scientists Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, produces an electric current by spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions. A typical device typically consists of two distinct metals that are submerged in separate beakers that each contain their own metal ions in solution and are either connected by a salt bridge or divided by a porous membrane. The voltaic pile, the first electrical battery, was created by Volta. Although a battery technically contains of several cells, the term "battery" has evolved to refer to a single galvanic cell in general usage.
E cell= 0.34v
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A sample of 6.81 moles of cesium fluoride is
reacted with 8.23 moles of xenon hexafluoride
to produce cesium xenon heptafluoride. Using
the balanced equation below, calculate the
maximum amount in moles of cesium xenon
heptafluoride that can be produced.
CsF+XeF6- CsXeF7
Answer:
6.91 moles cesium xenon heptafluoride
Explanation:
The balanced equation
CsF + XeF6 = CsXeF7
tells us that we should expect 1 mole of cesium xenonheptafluoride (CsXeF7) for every 1 mole of cesium fluoride consumed, a molar ratio of 1:1. It also says we will use 1 mole of xenon hexafluoride, XeF6, for each mole of cesium fluoride.
The 6.91 moles of CsF will therefore require 6.91 moles of XeF6 to completely react. We are in luck, since there are 8.23 moles of XeF6, more than enough to react with all the CsF. In fact, there should be (8.23 moles - 6.91 moles =) 1.32 moles of XeF6 left over, unreacted. CsF is the "limiting reagent:" the reaction will stop once it is consumed. We can assume that all of the CsF will react, so that will result in the same number of moles of CsXeF7 produced, since the molar ratio of the two is 1:1 reactant/product.
Identify the balanced nuclear equation for the overall decay of cobalt-60 resulting in beta and gamma emission after the two-step process.
the balanced nuclear equation for the overall decay of cobalt-60 resulting in beta and gamma emission after the two-step process. is the chemical equation of 60_27Co->60_28Ni+0_-1e+0_Oy
Chemical equations are symbols and chemical formulas that depict a chemical reaction symbolically. With a plus sign separating the entities in both the reactants and the products and an arrow pointing in the direction of the products to indicate the direction of the reaction, the reactant entities are given on the left and the product entities on the right. Chemical formulas can be mixed, structural (represented by pictures), or both. The absolute values of the stoichiometric numbers are shown as coefficients next to the symbols and formulas of the various entities. Jean Beguin drew the first chemical equation in 1615.
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a sample of nitrogen at 20oc in a volume of 875 ml has a pressure of 730 mm hg. what will be its pressure at 20oc if the volume is changed to 955 ml?
0.0014 atm is the pressure of nitrogen at 20 °C and 730 mm Hg initial pressure when its volume increases from 875 ml to 955 ml
The mass of the gas remains constantSince the mass of the gas is maintained during the change in volume, the number of moles with the initial volume must first be calculated.
To calculate the moles of gas, the ideal gas equation is used:
PV = nrt
where
P = Pressure
V=Volume
n = moles
T = temperature
R = gas constant
It is cleared n:
n = PV/Rt
Calculation of moles of gasn = PV/Rt
Data
P = 730 mmHg = 0.96 atm
V = 875ml = 0.875L
n = ?
T = 20°C = 293.15K
R = 0.082 L atm/mol °K
n = PV/Rt
n = 0.96. 0.875 / 0.082. 293.15
n = 0.84 / 24.03
n = 0.035 moles
Gas pressure calculation after volume changeKnowing the moles of nitrogen, the new pressure of the gas is calculated after changing its volume.
Data
P = ?
V = 955ml = 0.955L
n = 0.035 moles
T = 20°C = 293.15K
R = 0.082 L atm/mol °K
P = nRt/V
P = 0.035. 0.955 / 0.082. 293.15
P = 0.033 / 24.03
P = 0.0014 atm
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a chemist determined by measurements that .0700 moles of barium sulfide participate in a chemical reaction. calculate the mass of barium sulfide that participates. round your answer to 3 signeficant digits
The mass of barium sulfide that participates is 118.57grams.
Is the gas barium sulfide liquid?Barium sulfate is available as a powder to be dissolved in water, a liquid suspension, a paste, and a tablet. The paste and tablet are taken orally, while the powder and water mixture, suspension, and enema (liquid instilled into the rectum) are all administered.
Avogadro's law states that 1 mole of each substance contains 6.023×10²³ Avogadro's number of particles and takes up 22.4 L at STP.
The following equation is used to determine the moles:
Number of moles = given mass/molar mass
Moles of BaSO₄ = 0.700moles
Molar mass of BaSO₄= 169.39 g/mol
Mass = 0.7×169.39
Mass = 118.57grams.
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suppose you burn a 2.4 g sample of potato chips. you use the heat given off from that process to heat 29.8 g of water from 16.9 oc to 20.5 oc. what is the caloric value (in kcal/g) of the potato chips? type answer:
Heat absorbed by water is calculated as follows: 34.3 g x 5.4 oC x 1.00 calorie/g oC = 185.22 cal ( 0.18522 Kcals) Kcal/gram of potato chips = 0.18522/2.4 g, or 0.077 Kcal/g, is the unit of measurement for the caloric content of potato chips.
What do we refer to as caloric?The self-repellent fluid known as caloric, which moves from hotter to colder bodies, is the basis of the debunked scientific hypothesis known as the caloric theory of heat. In addition, it was believed that caloric could enter and exit liquids and solids by way of their pores.
Why is it called extremely caloric?Supplement. Foods abundant in protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, and minerals make up the high-calorie diet kind of diet. There might be between 4,000 and 5,000 calories consumed daily on this kind of diet.
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enantioselective total synthesis of the antifungal natural products chlorotetaine, bacilysisn, and anticapsin and of related compounds: revision of the relative configuration
Three antimicrobial compounds produced by the Bacillus sp. strain Csat isolated from pozol were identified by using the high-performance liquid chromatography and the mass spectrometry.
The three compounds were iturin, bacilysin, and chlorotetaine. Production of these compounds by CS93 could account for the medicinal properties
attributed to the pozol.
Antifungal drugs work to treat fungal infections. It can kill the fungus directly or it can prevent the growth and reproduction of the fungus.
Antifungals are available over-the-counter or by prescription and come in a variety of forms, including: creams and lotions.
Thyme, cinnamon, oregano, clove, and mint are all some examples of these kinds of oils.
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when molten zinc chloride (zncl2) is electrolyzed, zinc is deposited at the cathode. calculate the amount of zinc produced if a current of 11.7 a is passed through the electrolytic cell for 45.6 min.
The amount of zinc produced is 10.83 g.
given that :
current , I = 11.7 A
time , t = 45.6 min = 2736 sec
the expression is given as :
W = ZIt
W = amount of the substance deposited
I = current in ampere = 11.7 A
t = time in sec = 2736 sec
Z = M / nF
where,
M = molecular mass = 65.3 g/mol
n = no. of electrons = 2
F = faraday constant = 96500 C
W = (65.3 / 2 × 96500 ) 11.7 × 2736
W = 10.83 g
Thus, when molten zinc chloride (zncl2) is electrolyzed, zinc is deposited at the cathode. the amount of zinc produced if a current of 11.7 a is passed through the electrolytic cell for 45.6 min is 10.83 g.
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calculate the density of 5.00kg and 105.00L
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. water is an important part of the biogeochemical cycles on earth. complete the sentences about water. in the water cycle, water from rivers, lakes, and streams, enters the atmosphere through . in the carbon cycle, water exits the pores of leaves in plants by a process known as . in the nitrogen cycle, move nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil.
Water is a daily necessity for human survival. We might be able to go a week without eating, but we couldn't last even three days without drinking. In addition, 70% of our bodies are made of water.
Evaporation is the process through which surface water from lakes, rivers, and oceans turns into water vapor and travels into the atmosphere with a little help from solar energy.
Through the process of transpiration, which involves the evaporation of water from plants largely through the pores in their leaves, plants lose liters of water each day.
The inert form of nitrogen gas is deposited into soils during the nitrogen fixation process from the atmosphere and surface waters, primarily through precipitation.
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camphor has a lower melting point range than that of borneol. does this make sense in terms of its structure? explain your reasoning. what about borneol versus isoborneol
As can be seen from the structures of camphor and borreol, camphor has a ketone group while borreol has groups with alcohols activities. Through hydrogen bonding, the melting point of the boreal is higher.
Alcohols' melting point and boiling points are always thinner than those of ketones. the light of the intermolecular hydrogen bond. hence, the melting point. in the boreal is higher. Waxy, combustible, and translucent solid, camphor has a potent scent. It has the terpenoid compound C10H16O in its chemical makeup. The big East Asian evergreen tree known as the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) is where you can find it. The compounds with the general formula R-OH, where R is an alkyl or a substituted alkyl group, are known as alcohols. Alcohols are hence alkane derivatives in which one or more H.
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What effect would the pressure in the Marianas Trench have on most animals and humans?
Answer: we would die
Explanation:
the pressure being so large would squash us flat.
Chlorine has a total of 17 electrons and 7 valence electrons. Why are these two numbers different?.
Chlorine contains a total of 17 electrons which are filled in different orbitals of which 7 electrons are located in the outermost energy level or orbital.
The orbital, or fixed routes or energy levels, used by the electrons to surround the nucleus in an atom are known as orbitals. Electrons are filled in ascending energy level order. Lower energy levels fill up first as a result. The final electrons, known as valence electrons, are filled in the outermost energy levels. There is a set number of electrons that can fit in each shell. Chlorine is the seventeenth element on the periodic table and possesses 17 electrons, seven of which are in the outermost shell.
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The increase in energy when tetrahedral bond angles deviate from the optimum angle of 109.5 degree is known as _________ strain. Steric
Axial
Torsional
cycloalkanes
equatorial
lower
alkanes
angle
ring flip
The increase in energy when tetrahedral bond angles deviate from the optimum angle of 109.5 degree is known as angle strain.
In cycloalkanes, the carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized, which would imply an ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5 degree whenever possible. cycloalkanes look like shapes such as a triangle, square, tetrahedral. all the rings are in a flat or planar shape. Bayer Theory suggests that the difference between the ideal bond angle (which is 109.5° for sp3 carbon) and the angle in the planer cycloalkane causes the strain, which is called angle strain. According to the Bayer Theory, cyclopentane would be the most stable because its bond angle, 108°, is closest to the ideal angle of 109.5°. Cyclopropane would be the least stable one since it has the largest angle deviation of 49.5° (60° vs 109.5°). It was also predicted that cyclohexane would be less stable than cyclopentane because of the larger angle deviation (10.5° deviation for cyclohexane vs 1.5° for cyclopentane), and as the number of sides in the cycloalkanes increases beyond six, the stability decreases.
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an [ select ] reaction is a bimolecular substitution reaction. bimolecular means that two different compounds are important for determine the rate (kinetics), they are the
The acronym S N2 stands for substitution, nucleophilic, and bimolecular, indicating that the rate-determining step involves two molecules. S stands for substitution, N for nucleophilic, and the number two stands for bimolecular.
The solvent in which an SN2 reaction occurs has a sizable impact on the reaction's rate. Protic solvents (those capable of donating hydrogen bonds, like water or alcohol) are used to reduce the power of the nucleophile through vigorous solvation.
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