a space probe returns with a culture of a microroganism found on a distant planet. analysis shows that it is a carbon-based life-form that has dna. you grow the cells in heavy nitrogen 15n for several generations and then transfer them ot 14n medium. which pattern i nthe figure would you expect if the dna was replicated in a ocnservative manner

Answer: C

Explanation:

The concept of an ecosystem refers to a community consisting of various species or organisms, along with the non-living factors in their environment. Given this definition, it is clear C is the correct answer.

The Medulla is the part of the brainstem that controls crucial body functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Here correct answer is B

It is located between the Pons and the spinal cord and is responsible for controlling homeostasis, the balance of the internal environment. Damage to the Medulla can lead to serious complications, and in some cases, death.

Damage to this area can cause cardiac arrest, disrupt breathing and lead to severe neurological complications. A loss of sensation in the body and paralysis of the voluntary muscles can also occur, but it is usually the disruption of basic body functions that lead to death.

In conclusion, severe damage to the Medulla can result in death due to the disruption of vital body functions it controls.

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Based on the observation of the bacterial colony growth patterns on the agar plates, the conclusion that can be drawn is:

B. Cleaners 2 and 3 are the most effective.

This conclusion can be reached by comparing the growth patterns of bacterial colonies on the plates treated with different kitchen cleaners.

If the agar plate coated with cleaner 1 showed significant bacterial colony growth, it indicates that the cleaner was not effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.

However, if the plates coated with cleaners 2 and 3 exhibited minimal or no bacterial colony growth, it suggests that these cleaners were successful in inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

Since the statement mentions that cleaner 2 and cleaner 3 showed effective results, we can conclude that these two cleaners are the most effective among the three tested.

Cleaner 2 specifically stands out as the most effective cleaner since it is the only cleaner common to both the plate with no bacterial colony growth and the plate with minimal bacterial colony growth.

Therefore, the conclusion is that cleaner 2 is the most effective among the tested kitchen cleaners in inhibiting bacterial growth. The correct answer is B.

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Answer:

Egyptians

Explanation:

The use of aromatics was first recorded in human history at around 3,500 years BC by the Egyptians who were famed for their use of infused oils.

A long-range population growth rate of 0.931 can be calculated for the northern spotted owl using the provided data, which suggests a slightly better prospect for the owl than in the example above.

The long-range population growth rate (λ) can be calculated using the following formula:

λ = (survival to subadult age) * (survival to adult age) * (adult fecundity) + (survival to adult age) * (subadult fecundity)

Plugging in the given values, we get:

λ = (0.33) * (0.85) * (0.26) + (0.85) * (0.125)

λ = 0.2219 + 0.10625

λ = 0.32815

This value represents the expected growth rate of the population over the long-term, and suggests a slightly better prospect for the northern spotted owl than the example given in the previous data. However, it is important to note that population growth rates are subject to many variables, including environmental factors and human intervention, and should not be viewed as a definitive predictor of a species' future prospects.

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The absolute population size of a particular species relative to the population sizes of other species in the community is an important consideration for evaluating the health of the overall ecosystem.

Species with low population numbers can be at risk of extinction, thereby putting the stability of the entire ecosystem in jeopardy. By comparing the population size of the different species in a community, it is possible to identify potential populations that may be in decline and need additional protection.

Furthermore, comparing population sizes can also help identify potential hotspots of biodiversity, which can be used as refugia in the event of severe environmental disruption and to identify areas for conservation and management. Understanding the population size and trends of each species in a community is important for understanding the complexity of the ecosystem and ensuring its stability in the future.

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complete question is :

absolute population size of a particular species relative to the population sizes of other species within the community. explain.

Answer: D) ligand-gated Na+ channels open

Explanation: If an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to the receptors on the postsynaptic cell, it will most likely cause an influx of positively charged ions such as Na+ and depolarize the cell membrane.

This depolarization will result in the opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels, leading to the influx of Na+ ions into the postsynaptic cell. This influx of positively charged ions will depolarize the cell membrane and bring the cell closer to the threshold potential for generating an action potential.

Therefore, the correct answer is D) ligand-gated Na+ channels open. The other options (A, B, C, and E) are less likely to occur because they do not lead to depolarization and are not associated with the generation of action potentials.

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According to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, the process of natural selection leads to the evolution of species over time.

Natural selection is a process by which certain traits or characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce are passed down from generation to generation, while other traits are not.

The basic mechanism of natural selection involves three main components: variation, heredity, and differential survival and reproduction. First, there must be variation in traits within a population.

This variation can arise through genetic mutations or other factors. Second, these traits must be heritable, meaning that they can be passed down from parent to offspring. Finally, individuals with certain traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment will pass those traits on to their offspring at a higher rate than individuals without those traits.

Over time, this process can lead to the evolution of new species. If a population becomes separated from other populations and undergoes different selective pressures, such as different environmental conditions or different competitors, it can evolve in different directions, leading to the development of new species.

Overall, natural selection is a gradual process that operates over long periods of time, and it is driven by the interaction between the environment and the genetic variation present in a population. Through this process, natural selection can lead to the evolution of new species that are better adapted to their environment.

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Rotavirus and other viral types is the single greatest cause of gastroenteritis. Option c is Correct.

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Rotavirus is a type of virus that is a common cause of gastroenteritis in children. It is highly contagious and can be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or fecal matter. Other viral types that can cause gastroenteritis include norovirus and adenovirus.

Bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri, can also cause gastroenteritis. These bacteria are typically spread through contaminated food or water. While there are other factors that can contribute to gastroenteritis, such as parasites and chemical contaminants, rotavirus and other viral types are the single greatest cause of the condition. Option c is Correct.

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The primary product of fermentation done by yeast is ethanol (a type of alcohol), which is produced from the breakdown of glucose (a type of carbohydrate).

Fermentation is an anaerobic metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. Yeast is a unicellular eukaryotic microorganism that is widely used for fermentation, particularly in the production of alcoholic beverages and bread. During fermentation, yeast breaks down glucose (a simple sugar) into two molecules of pyruvate through the process of glycolysis. Pyruvate is then converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide through a series of chemical reactions. Ethanol is the primary product of alcoholic fermentation done by yeast, while carbon dioxide is a byproduct that is released into the air or captured for other uses, such as in the carbonation of beverages or in the production of dry ice.

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The base of the exponential function modeling this scenario is 5/3.

After two rounds of reproduction, each of the five cells from the first round of reproduction will produce five new cells, giving us a total of 5x5=25 cells.

After three rounds of reproduction, each of the 25 cells from the second round will produce five new cells, giving us a total of 25x5=125 cells.

In general, after n rounds of reproduction, we will have [tex]5^n[/tex] cells.

[tex]f(n) = (5/3)^n[/tex]

Reproduction is the biological process by which new individuals of a species are produced, ensuring the continuation of that species. In sexual reproduction, two individuals of different sexes come together to produce offspring with unique genetic traits. This involves the fusion of a male and a female gamete, which form a zygote that eventually develops into a new individual. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, involves the production of offspring from a single parent without the involvement of gametes. This can occur through various means, such as budding, fragmentation, or parthenogenesis.

Reproduction is essential for the survival and evolution of species, as it allows for the passing down of genetic information from one generation to the next. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining the diversity of life, as genetic variation is introduced through sexual reproduction and mutations. Reproduction is a complex process that involves various physiological and behavioral adaptations, and it is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, light, and nutrients.

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DNA is soluble in aqueous solution, but not in alcohol.

Aqueous solutions are made up of water, while alcohol is a type of organic solvent. DNA is a polar molecule, meaning that it has a positive and negative end. Water is also a polar molecule, so it can dissolve DNA. Alcohol is a non-polar molecule, so it cannot dissolve DNA.

In order to isolate DNA from a cell, it is necessary to first break down the cell membrane. This can be done by using a detergent or an enzyme.

Once the cell membrane is broken down, the DNA can be extracted from the cell using an aqueous solution. The DNA can then be precipitated out of the aqueous solution by adding alcohol.

Here are some additional details about DNA solubility:

DNA is a long, chain-like molecule made up of nucleotides.

Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

The nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).

The DNA molecule is made up of two strands that are linked together by the nitrogenous bases.

The bases A and T always pair together, and the bases C and G always pair together.

This pairing of bases is known as complementary base pairing.

Complementary base pairing is what allows DNA to be copied.

DNA is soluble in aqueous solutions because it is a polar molecule.

Aqueous solutions are made up of water, which is also a polar molecule.

Polar molecules dissolve other polar molecules.

Alcohol is a non-polar molecule, so it cannot dissolve DNA.

Non-polar molecules dissolve other non-polar molecules.

The ethanol/aqueous interface may also contain other molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. These molecules can be removed by centrifugation or by washing the DNA with an aqueous solution.

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In the system developed by Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), a noun or adjective added to the genus name to distinguish a species is known as the species epithet.

The species epithet is the second part of a binomial name, also called a scientific name, which consists of the genus name followed by the species epithet. Linnaeus' system of binomial nomenclature was introduced in his work "Systema Naturae" and is still widely used in modern taxonomy.

The species epithet is chosen to describe a characteristic of the species or honor a person or place related to its discovery. It can be an adjective, a noun in the genitive case, or a word derived from a person's name. For example, in the scientific name Homo sapiens, "sapiens" is the species epithet that distinguishes our species from other species within the genus Homo. The use of binomial nomenclature allows for a standardized and universally recognized naming system for organisms, aiding in their classification and identification.

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Orotic aciduria is a rare metabolic disorder that affects the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, leading to the accumulation of orotic acid in the body. As mentioned in the question, this condition is caused by the impairment of both orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) and orotidylate decarboxylase (ODC) activity, which are two functions of the multifunctional enzyme uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) synthase.

In healthy individuals, OPRT converts orotate to orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP), while ODC converts OMP to uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP). UMP is a precursor for the synthesis of all pyrimidine nucleotides, which are essential components of DNA, RNA, and other important biomolecules.

The other options listed in the question are also related to pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Carbamoyl phosphate (c) is an intermediate in the synthesis of both pyrimidine and arginine. Carbamate (d) is a derivative of carbamic acid, which is involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides through the activity of dihydroorotase. Uridylate (UMP) (a) and orotidylate (OMP) (b) are both pyrimidine nucleotides that are synthesized from orotate in healthy individuals, but are not excreted in high amounts in the urine of patients with orotic aciduria.

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Answer: I think the answer to your question is A. sexual reproduction

Explanation: i hope this helped

Comparing relative gut length instead of absolute gut length was a decision made strategically by the researchers. Relative gut length takes into consideration the body size of the organism in comparison to its gut size.

This allows the researchers to make meaningful comparisons between different species, as well as to identify which organisms have evolved a genetic adaptation towards a specific diet. This can help identify species that are more likely to be successful in their given ecological niche.

Ultimately, this comparison was made because it offers an easy, practical way to measure the diversity of alimentary specialization between organisms, and to identify the adaptive benefits that a given species may have to its environment.

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Answer: I think the answer is Composition.

Explanation: i hope this helps you

The true statement is; microbial samples recovered by endoscopic transtracheal aspiration may not accurately reflect the suspected respiratory disease. Option D is correct.

Endoscopic transtracheal aspiration is a diagnostic procedure that involves passing an endoscope through the mouth or nose into the trachea to collect samples of mucus, secretions, or cells for laboratory analysis. Although endoscopic transtracheal aspiration can provide valuable information about the nature and severity of respiratory diseases, there are some limitations to the procedure.

One of the limitations is the microbial samples were recovered by the endoscopic transtracheal aspiration may not always accurately reflect the suspected respiratory disease. This can occur because the technique of endoscopic transtracheal aspiration only samples a small area of the respiratory tract, and the results may be affected by factors such as the location and severity of the disease, the timing and technique of the sampling, and the presence of other microorganisms or contaminants.

Hence, D. is the correct option.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"Which of the following is a true statement? A) Nsamples obtained during transtracheal aspiration are used to evaluate the trachea. B) the cough reflex is desirable while performing bronchoalveolar lavage. C) the cough reflex is not desirable while performing percutaneous transtracheal aspiration. D) microbial samples recovered by endoscopic transtracheal aspiration may not accurately reflect the suspected respiratory disease."--

The DGtransport of a Cl- ion entering the cell is 3.51 kJ/mol.

The DGtransport of a Cl- ion entering a cell can be calculated using the Nernst equation:

DGtransport = RT ln ([Cl-]out/[Cl-]in) - zF DVm

Where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, F is the Faraday constant, z is the charge of the ion, DVm is the membrane potential, and ln is the natural logarithm.

Substituting the values given, we get:

DGtransport = (8.314 J/K/mol) x (310 K) x ln (110/10) - (-1) x (96,485 C/mol) x (-0.070 V)

DGtransport = 3.51 kJ/mol

Therefore, the DGtransport of a Cl- ion entering the cell is 3.51 kJ/mol.

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The wings of insects, birds, and bats are examples of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution is the process by which different species independently evolve similar characteristics or adaptations due to similar selective pressures or environmental conditions. So the answer is: a. Convergent evolution

In the case of the wings of insects, birds, and bats, these structures evolved independently in each group of organisms, but they share similar functions, such as allowing for powered flight. The wings of each group have different anatomical structures and are made up of different materials, but they all serve the same purpose. This is an example of convergent evolution because the wings of these different groups evolved independently, but they converged on a similar form and function due to the similar selective pressures of the need for flight.

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Complete Question

The wings of insects, birds, and bats evolved independently but carried out similar functions. This is an example of:

a. Convergent evolution

b. Divergent evolution

c. Coevolution

d. Parallel evolution

During the Dust Bowl, farmers faced several choices, including leaving their land and moving to other areas, changing their farming practices, or continuing to farm with the hope that things would improve. However, many farmers were limited in their choices by factors beyond their control, such as the prolonged drought, the economic depression, and the Dust Bowl's widespread impact on the Great Plains region.

The Migrant Mother photo, taken by Dorothea Lange in 1936, had a significant impact on the public's perceptions about the plight of the farmers during the Dust Bowl.

The photograph, which shows a distressed mother with her children, captured the desperation and hardship that many families faced during that time. The photo became one of the most iconic images of the Great Depression, and it helped to raise awareness of the challenges that farmers were facing.

The enduring impact of the Migrant Mother photo can be attributed to several factors. The composition of the photograph, which focuses on the mother's face and the expressions of her children, creates an emotional connection with the viewer. The image is also a powerful representation of the struggles that many Americans faced during the Great Depression, and it serves as a reminder of the importance of empathy and compassion during difficult times. Overall, the Migrant Mother photo played a significant role in shaping public perceptions of the Dust Bowl and its impact on American society.

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The structure labeled as A in the diagram is option d) SER or smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Eukaryotic cells include Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER), a form of organelle that appears smooth under a microscope because it doesn't have ribosomes on its surface. The production and processing of lipids and steroids, including cholesterol, depend heavily on SER. Additionally, it participates in detoxification activities, especially in liver cells, and aids in controlling calcium ions in the cell.

Lipid metabolism is one of SER's key roles. The organelle is in charge of producing lipids like phospholipids, which are important parts of cell membranes. Steroid hormones, which are necessary for a number of biological functions, including growth and development, are also produced by SER. The control of calcium ions in the cell is critically dependent on SER. When necessary, the organelle can release its stored calcium ions into the cytoplasm. Numerous biological functions, such as muscle contraction and cell signaling, depend on calcium ions.

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Growth factors can stimulate cells expressing the corresponding RECEPTOR a number of changes such as E. Both A and C

Growth factors are signalling molecules that are essential for cell division, survival, and growth. They attach to certain receptors on cell's surface, which sets off a series of intracellular signalling processes that can typically result in a number of different physiological reactions.

Growth factors interacting with their receptors can cause a variety of changes, including cell division, which can lead to cell proliferation and formation of tissues. Further motility, can enable cells to move and migrate to other parts of human body. Contrarily, necrosis is a type of cell death that is often brought on by injury or illness and is not a result of growth factors interacting with receptors.

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Complete Question:

Growth factors can stimulate cells expressing the corresponding RECEPTOR a number of changes such as:

A. Cell division

B. Necrosis

C. Motility

D. Both A and B

E. Both A and C

The dorsal fins in both sharks and bony fish serve a number of functions, including Stability, Maneuverability, Braking, and Propulsion.

Stability: The dorsal fins help to keep the fish upright in the water.

Maneuverability: The dorsal fins can be used to help the fish turn and change direction.

Braking: The dorsal fins can be used to slow down the fish.

Propulsion: In some fish, the dorsal fins can be used to help propel the fish forward.

The anterior dorsal fin in bony fish plays an additional role in protecting the fish from predators. The fin is located near the head of the fish, and it can be used to deflect attacks from predators.

In sharks, the dorsal fins are located further back on the body, and they do not play as important a role in protecting the fish from predators. However, the dorsal fins in sharks are still important for stability, maneuverability, and braking.

Here are some additional details about the functions of dorsal fins in sharks and bony fish:

Stability: The dorsal fins help to keep the fish upright in the water by providing a counter-balance to the fish's head and tail. The dorsal fins also help to prevent the fish from rolling over.

Maneuverability: The dorsal fins can be used to help the fish turn and change direction by providing a surface for the fish to push against. The dorsal fins can also be used to help the fish brake by creating drag.

Braking: The dorsal fins can be used to slow down the fish by creating drag. The dorsal fins can also be used to help the fish stop by creating a large surface area that resists the movement of the water.

Propulsion: In some fish, the dorsal fins can be used to help propel the fish forward by creating lift. The dorsal fins do not provide as much propulsion as the pectoral fins and pelvic fins, but they can be used to help the fish move in a straight line.

Protection: The anterior dorsal fin in bony fish can play an important role in protecting the fish from predators. The fin is located near the head of the fish, and it can be used to deflect attacks from predators. The fin can also be used to help the fish hide from predators.

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Mia can organize the observed elements by the level of the organization using an ecological framework.

At the lowest level, there are individual organisms such as grasses, shrubs, wildflowers, rocks, algae, frogs, turtles, birds, a squirrel, and a snake. These represent the specific living entities. Moving up, these organisms form populations, including populations of frogs, turtles, birds, and so on. Populations interact to create a community, which encompasses grasses, shrubs, wildflowers, rocks, algae, frogs, turtles, birds, a squirrel, and a snake.

Finally, these communities, along with the abiotic factors like the stream and water plants, form an ecosystem. This hierarchical organization captures the relationships and interdependencies among the observed elements in the park.

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An excess of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 in the blood is a condition known as hyperthyroidism. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is called Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include weight loss, increased appetite, anxiety, irritability, sweating, tremors, palpitations, and heat intolerance. Graves' disease can also cause eye problems, including bulging eyes and vision changes.

Treatment for hyperthyroidism typically involves medication to lower thyroid hormone levels, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove the thyroid gland.

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if krill disappeared from the food chain, the effect would be catastrophic because krill serve as a major source of food for many other animals in the food chain. The statement is True.

Krill are small crustaceans that are found in all of the world's oceans. They are a major food source for many marine animals, including whales, seals, penguins, and fish. Krill are also an important part of the marine food chain. They help to keep the balance of the ecosystem by feeding on phytoplankton and zooplankton.

If krill disappeared from the food chain, it would have a catastrophic effect on the marine ecosystem. Whales, seals, penguins, and fish would lose their main food source and would likely decline in population.

This would also have a ripple effect on other animals in the food chain. For example, if whales declined in population, there would be less food for sharks and other predators.

Krill are also important for the global climate. They help to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce oxygen. If krill disappeared, it would release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and contribute to climate change.

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To understand the dynamics of a population of organisms, we need to consider several factors. The overall size of the population can affect its growth rate.

In general, larger populations tend to grow more slowly than smaller populations. The growth rate of a population is influenced by several factors, such as birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration. A high birth rate and low death rate can lead to a population increase, while a high death rate and low birth rate can lead to a population decline.

Immigration can also increase the population size, while emigration can decrease it. The interactions between these factors determine the population dynamics over time.

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The brain region that is most specialized for motion processing is c. Medial temporal area (area V5/MT).

Area V5/MT, also known as the medial temporal area or middle temporal area, is a region located in the visual cortex of the brain. It is specifically dedicated to motion processing and is highly specialized in analyzing visual motion information.

Neurons in area V5/MT are particularly responsive to motion stimuli and exhibit specific properties related to direction selectivity, speed sensitivity, and the integration of motion information. This region plays a crucial role in perceiving and interpreting visual motion, such as the movement of objects, direction of motion, and speed.

While other brain regions also contribute to visual processing and motion perception, area V5/MT is known for its specialization in motion processing. The primary visual cortex (area V1) is involved in basic visual processing, including the initial processing of visual information, but it is not as specialized for motion processing as area V5/MT.

The optic chiasm is not a brain region but rather a structure where the optic nerves from each eye cross over. It is involved in the transmission of visual information from the eyes to the brain but not in motion processing itself.

The frontal lobe is a large brain region involved in various higher-order cognitive functions, but it is not specifically specialized for motion processing.

The lingual gyrus (area V3) is part of the visual cortex and contributes to visual processing, but it is not as specialized for motion processing as area V5/MT.

Therefore, the correct answer is c. Medial temporal area (area V5/MT).

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Draining a lake and filling it for making a new housing development is an example of habitat destruction and landfilling.

Habitat destruction refers to uprooting or destroying a region which is a natural habitat of several organisms, which causes difficulty in their survival and might even result in their death.

Destroying the habitat of organisms causes loss of their place of shelter and resources like food and water.

Draining a lake causes loss of hundreds of marine species present in the lake. These organisms are unable to survive without the water and succumb due to destruction of their habitat.

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