Answer:
To determine the moles of potassium chloride required to completely precipitate all of the silver, we first need to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between silver and potassium chloride. The balanced chemical equation is:
AgNO3 + KCl → AgCl + KNO3
This equation shows that 1 mole of AgNO3 reacts with 1 mole of KCl to produce 1 mole of AgCl.
Next, we can calculate the moles of silver in the solution using its molar mass:
moles of Ag = mass / molar mass
moles of Ag = 3.08 g / 107.87 g/mol
moles of Ag = 0.0286 mol
Since the reaction between silver and potassium chloride is 1:1, we need the same number of moles of KCl as the number of moles of Ag:
moles of KCl = 0.0286 mol
Finally, to determine the mass of KCl required, we can use its molar mass:
mass of KCl = moles of KCl x molar mass
mass of KCl = 0.0286 mol x 74.55 g/mol
mass of KCl = 2.13 g
Therefore, we need to add 0.0286 moles of KCl (equivalent to 2.13 g) to completely precipitate all of the silver.
For all the reactions, identify the reaction type and name the products formed.
1) Draw (Name) 5 structural isomers of pentene
2) Provide the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propan-2-ol
3) 2 moles of Fluorine gas react with 2-methylpropane (provide at least two structural isomers)
4) 4-methylpent-1-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide (identify major and minor products if necessary)
5) Reaction of 2-methylpropan-1-ol with acidified potassium permanganate
6) Reaction of butan-2-ol with acidified potassium permanganate
7) Reaction of pentan-3-one with NaAlB4
8) Reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
9) Name the reactants needed to prepare propyl ethanoate. Write an equation to show the reaction
10) Provide the equation for the hydrolysis of propyl propanoate.
11) Provide the equation for the hydrolysis N, N-dimethyl propanamide
12) How would you prepare ethoxyethane from ethene? Provide equations/reactions
13) How would you prepare propanoic acid from prop-1-ene? Provide equations/reactions
14) Place the following organic molecules in order of increasing boiling points: butane, butan-2-one, butanoic acid, and butan-2-ol. Justify your answer.
50 POINTS PLEASE BE ACCURATE AND CORRECT
What volume of gas could be collected over water when 3.64g of Potassium reacts with an excess amount of Nitric acid (HNO3)? The conditions under which the experiment was run include an atmospheric pressure of 1.01 atm and a water temperature of 24°C. This experiment produced 1.03 L of hydrogen gas. The vapor pressure of the water at 24°C is 0.0293 atm.
1. Show a balanced equation for this reaction.
2. Calculate the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas.
3. Calculate the number of moles of Potassium.
4. Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen.
5. Calculate the theoretical volume of the hydrogen gas.
6. Calculate the percent error.
The volume of nitrogen gas produced is 1.11 L according to the chemical equation for the interaction between potassium and nitric acid: 2K + 6HNO3 3H2O + 2KNO3 + NH4NO3.
At 25 C and 1 atm, what is the vapour pressure of water?The equilibrium vapour pressure of the material is this partial pressure of vapour in equilibrium above a liquid. Water has a vapour pressure of 0.0313 atm, or 23.8 mm of mercury, at ambient temperature (25 °C; 760 mm Hg = 1 atm).
The volume of nitrogen gas generated can be calculated using the ideal gas law: PV = nRT
To determine how many moles of hydrogen gas were generated:
PV = nRT
n = PV/RT
n = (1.01 atm - 0.0293 atm) * 1.03 L / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 297 K)
n = 0.0392 mol
The balanced chemical equation states that 1 mole of nitrogen gas is created when 2 moles of potassium react. As a result, the amount of nitrogen gas generated is:
n(N2) = 0.5 * n(K)
n(N2) = 0.5 * 3.64 g / 39.10 g/mol
n(N2) = 0.0441 mol
The volume of nitrogen gas created can now be calculated using the ideal gas law once more:
PV = nRT
V = nRT/P
V = 0.0441 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 297 K / (1.01 atm - 0.0293 atm)
V = 1.11 L
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Which of the following best defines an acidic solution?
acid can kill and decay bodies if your needing to get rid of human remains
5) What volume of a 9 M BeSO4solution contains 90 grams of BeSO4?
A) 21 mL
B) 38 mL
C) 77mL
D) 95 mL
Answer:
The molar mass of BeSO4 is:
9 + 32 + (4x16) = 137 g/mol
To calculate the volume of a 9 M solution containing 90 grams of BeSO4, we can use the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
moles = 90 g / 137 g/mol
moles = 0.657 g
Then, we can use the formula:
M = moles / volume (in liters)
Rearranging this formula, we get:
volume (in liters) = moles / M
volume (in liters) = 0.657 / 9
volume (in liters) = 0.073 L
Finally, we convert the volume from liters to milliliters:
volume (in mL) = 0.073 L x 1000 mL/L
volume (in mL) = 73 mL
Therefore, the answer is not one of the choices provided. The closest option is C) 77 mL.
In a sealed and rigid container, a sample of gas at 3.25 atm and 210.0 °C is cooled to 0.0 °C. What is the pressure (in atm) of the gas at 0.0 °C?
Answer:
The pressure of the gas at 0.0 °C is 1.84 atm.
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which states that the equation relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas:
(P1 x V1) / T1 = (P2 x V2) / T2
where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature.
We are given:
P1 = 3.25 atm
T1 = 210.0 °C = 483.15 K (convert to Kelvin)
T2 = 0.0 °C = 273.15 K (convert to Kelvin)
Since the container is rigid, the volume (V1) and final volume (V2) are the same. Therefore, we can simplify the equation to:
P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
Substituting the given values, we get:
(3.25 atm) / (483.15 K) = P2 / (273.15 K)
Simplifying, we get:
P2 = (3.25 atm x 273.15 K) / 483.15 K
P2 = 1.84 atm
while you are taking a morning shower, what are the control objective, you are measurement and the manipulated variables at your disposal?
The control objective of a morning shower is to provide a comfortable and refreshing start to the day, and the manipulated variables at your disposal can be adjusted to achieve this objective.
What is Measurement?
Measurement is the process of assigning a numerical value to a physical quantity or property of an object or system. Measurements are made using instruments or tools that are designed to detect and quantify the property of interest, such as length, weight, temperature, time, or electrical current.
In science and engineering, accurate measurements are essential for understanding the behavior of natural and engineered systems, and for developing theories and models that can predict future behavior. Measurements are also important for quality control, product testing, and monitoring environmental conditions, among other applications.
The control objective during a morning shower could be to maintain a comfortable water temperature for the duration of the shower. The measurement variable could be the temperature of the water, which can be monitored using a shower thermometer or by feeling the water with your skin. The manipulated variable at your disposal could be the hot and cold water knobs, which can be adjusted to maintain the desired water temperature.
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A 2.5 g sample of sucrose (C12H22O11) was burned in excess oxygen in a calorimeter which contained 2190.0 g of water. The temperature of the water (specific heat = 4.184 J/g℃) increased from 20.50 °C to 25.01 °C.
The concentration of the sucrose solution is:
C = n / V = n / (m / ρ) = (0.0073 mol) / (0.509 g / 1 mL / 1.00 g/cm³) = 0.144 M.
The first step is to calculate the amount of heat released by the combustion of sucrose using the balanced chemical equation:
C12H22O11 + 12O2 → 12CO2 + 11H2O
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of sucrose produces 12 moles of CO2 and 11 moles of H2O. The molar mass of sucrose is 342.30 g/mol, so the number of moles in 2.5 g is:
n = 2.5 g / 342.30 g/mol = 0.0073 mol
Therefore, the combustion of 2.5 g of sucrose produces:
12 mol CO2 × 0.0073 mol = 0.0876 mol CO2
11 mol H2O × 0.0073 mol = 0.0803 mol H2O
The amount of heat released by the combustion of sucrose can be calculated using the standard enthalpy of combustion ΔH°comb = -5648 kJ/mol:
q = ΔH°comb × n = (-5648 kJ/mol) × 0.0073 mol = -41.23 kJ
This heat is absorbed by the water in the calorimeter, so we can use the equation:
q = mcΔT
where q is the heat absorbed by the water, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat of water, and ΔT is the temperature change.
Substituting the given values, we get:
-41.23 kJ = (2190.0 g)(4.184 J/g℃)(25.01 °C - 20.50 °C)
Solving for the mass of water, we get:
m = -41.23 kJ / [(2190.0 g)(4.184 J/g℃)(25.01 °C - 20.50 °C)] = 0.509 g
Therefore, the mass of water is 0.509 g, and the total mass of the solution is:
m = 2.5 g sucrose + 0.509 g water = 3.009 g.
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Which of the following compounds has the largest lattice energy?
NaCl
RbCl
CaCl2
MgCl2
Thank you :)
The chemical MgCl2 has the highest lattice energy of the ones listed. This occurs as a result of the Mg2+ ion's greater charge density compared to the Na+, Rb+, and Ca2+ ions.
Which chemical has the highest lattice energy?More lattice energy results from smaller ions, stronger charges, and larger charges. AlN has the highest lattice energy as a result.
What generates more lattice energy?Higher charged ions and closer spaced ions have higher lattice energies. The Born-Haber cycle, which incorporates all of the energy stages required to transform elements into an ionic molecule, is frequently used to compute lattice energies.
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When societal demand for a synthetic material increases, the demand for the natural resources used to make the synthetic material also .......
Demand for the environmental assets utilized to produce a synthetic materials rises in tandem with that demand. Obtaining the resources necessary to produce a synthetic material occasionally results in significant changes in that ecosystem.
What kind of natural resources are employed in the production of synthetic materials?Natural resources like wood & sand are used to make "natural" items. Natural resources are also used to make "synthetic" products. For instance, petroleum that is extracted from the soil is used to make synthetic materials like plastic. Natural resources include petroleum.
What effects are there that the utilization of synthetic products have on the environment?For instance, toxins from manufactured products can leak into the environment and kill wildlife or poison water sources. Synthetic products can also consume more resources then natural ones, which can have a negative impact on the environment in such a number of ways, including by accelerating climate change.
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how many grams of KClO3 are needed to produce 6.5g of KCl?
We need 10.7 g of KClO3 to produce 6.5 g of KCl. Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, which is about 1 amu, so the atomic mass of an element is roughly the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
What is Atomic Mass?
Atomic mass is the mass of an atom of a chemical element. It is usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu) or in grams per mole (g/mol). The atomic mass of an element is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of KClO3 producing KCl is:
2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
We can see from the equation that 2 moles of KClO3 produce 2 moles of KCl. We need to calculate how many moles of KCl are produced from 6.5g of KCl, and then use the mole ratio to find the amount of KClO3 needed.
First, we need to convert the mass of KCl to moles:
moles of KCl = mass of KCl / molar mass of KCl
= 6.5g / 74.55 g/mol
= 0.0872 mol
From the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of KClO3 produce 2 moles of KCl. Therefore, to find the moles of KClO3 needed to produce 0.0872 mol of KCl, we can use the following proportion:
2 mol KClO3 / 2 mol KCl = x mol KClO3 / 0.0872 mol KCl
Solving for x, we get:
x = 0.0872 mol KClO3 x (2 mol KClO3 / 2 mol KCl)
= 0.0872 mol KClO3
Finally, we can convert the moles of KClO3 to grams using its molar mass:
mass of KClO3 = moles of KClO3 x molar mass of KClO3
= 0.0872 mol x 122.55 g/mol
= 10.7 g
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how do you Balance This equation (NH4)3PO4(aq)+MgCl2(aq)-Mg3(PO4)2(s)+NH4CL(aq)
Answer: To balance the equation (NH4)3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → Mg3(PO4)2(s) + NH4Cl(aq), you need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.
Start by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides:
Left side: (NH4)3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq)
3 nitrogen atoms (N)
12 hydrogen atoms (H)
1 phosphorus atom (P)
4 oxygen atoms (O)
1 magnesium atom (Mg)
2 chlorine atoms (Cl)
Right side: Mg3(PO4)2(s) + NH4Cl(aq)
3 magnesium atoms (Mg)
2 phosphorus atoms (P)
8 oxygen atoms (O)
4 nitrogen atoms (N)
1 chlorine atom (Cl)
1 hydrogen atom (H)
The equation is not balanced as the number of atoms of some elements are not equal on both sides. To balance the equation, you can follow these steps:
Balance the number of nitrogen atoms by putting a coefficient of 3 in front of NH4Cl:
(NH4)3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → Mg3(PO4)2(s) + 3NH4Cl(aq)
Balance the number of hydrogen atoms by putting a coefficient of 12 in front of Mg3(PO4)2:
(NH4)3PO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 3Mg3(PO4)2(s) + 3NH4Cl(aq)
Balance the number of chlorine atoms by putting a coefficient of 2 in front of MgCl2:
(NH4)3PO4(aq) + 2MgCl2(aq) → 3Mg3(PO4)2(s) + 3NH4Cl(aq)
The final balanced equation is:
(NH4)3PO4(aq) + 2MgCl2(aq) → 3Mg3(PO4)2(s) + 3NH4Cl(aq)
Brainliest is appericated this took me a while. (:
Explanation:
Calculate the following and provide the answers rounded off to the correct accuracy
(8.12 - 0.9800) g ×(3.4501 + 0.16) mL
29.15 g mL Calculate the following and provide the answers rounded off to the correct accuracy.
What is accuracy?Accuracy is a measure of how closely a given set of data or results match their expected values. It is a measure of the degree of correctness and precision of a system's output. Accuracy is often expressed as a percentage and can be determined by comparing a system's results to known or accepted values. Accuracy is important in many fields, from scientific research, to medicine, to engineering, to business, and beyond. It is essential for achieving accurate results and making decisions based on reliable data.
The calculation for this problem is (8.12 - 0.9800) g × (3.4501 + 0.16) mL = (7.14 g) × (3.61 mL) = 25.8954 g mL. Rounded off to the correct accuracy, the answer is 29.15 g mL.
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The initial concentration of A is 0.165 M and after 116 s the concentration has decreased to 0.111 M.
a) What is the value of the rate constant k?
the value of the rate constant k is 0.00734 s^-1.
What is the first-order integrated rate law, and how can it be used to determine the rate constant k?
ln[A]t = -kt + ln[A]0
Where [A]t is the concentration of A at time t, [A]0 is the initial concentration of A, k is the rate constant, and ln represents the natural logarithm.
We can rearrange the equation to solve for k:
k = (ln[A]0 - ln[A]t) / t
Plugging in the values given in the problem:
[A]0 = 0.165 M
[A]t = 0.111 M
t = 116 s
k = (ln[0.165] - ln[0.111]) / 116 s
Using a calculator, we get:
k = 0.00734 s^-1
Therefore, the value of the rate constant k is 0.00734 s^-1.
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why are mass and volume extensive properties and why is density and intensive property?
Answer:
Mass and volume are extensive properties because they depend on the size or amount of matter present in a system. For example, if we double the amount of a substance, its mass and volume will also double. Extensive properties are additive and their value changes with the size or amount of the system.
On the other hand, density is an intensive property because it does not depend on the amount of matter present in a system, but only on its composition and physical state. Density is defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume, which means that for a given substance, the density will always be the same regardless of the size or amount of the sample. Intensive properties are not additive and their value is independent of the size or amount of the system.
What changes chemically during a reaction?
Products
Reactants
Coefficient
Subscripts
Answer: Chemical reactions involve breaking chemical bonds between reactant molecules (particles) and forming new bonds between atoms in product particles (molecules). The number of atoms before and after the chemical change is the same but the number of molecules will change.
CAN SOMEONE HELP WITH THIS QUESTION?✨
- If a student weighs out 0.614 g of KHP and titrates it with hydroxide solution, what is the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution if it takes 35.01 mL of it to titrate the KHP?
A primary standard for figuring out the concentration of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is KHP (potassium hydrogen phthalate). The NaOH solution has a molarity of 0.0859 M.
How do you determine the sodium hydroxide solution's molarity?For the reaction between KHP and NaOH, the following chemical equation is balanced:
NaKP + H2O → KHP + NaOH
We can see from the equation that it is balanced that one mole of KHP reacts with one mole of NaOH.
KHP mass divided by its molar mass yields moles of KHP.
0.003007 moles of KHP are equal to 0.614 g/204.22 g/mol.
NaOH volume is 35.01 mL, or 0.03501 L.
Molarity of NaOH is equal to moles of NaOH divided by its volume.
NaOH has a molarity of 0.003007 mol/0.0351 L, or 0.0859 M.
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What is the C - O bond order in NCO?
Answer:
The resonense structures as follows:
Explanation:
Refer to the image attached for the full answer.
Which of the following best explains why electrometallurgy is a useful process in many industries?
Electrometallurgy can etch permanent marks and designs into the surfaces of metal products.
Electrometallurgy can create a thin film around metals, preventing rusting and other forms of corrosion.
Electrometallurgy can refine a wide range of impure metals used in manufacturing, wiring, and many other applications.
Electrometallurgy can split water molecules into a cheap source of oxygen gas that can be carried into space and beneath the ocean.
Many impure metals in use in manufacturing, wiring, as well as other applications can be refined by electrometallurgy.
Describe electrometallurgy in detail?The term "electrometallurgy" refers to a range of technologies used to separate metals from solutions, such as molten salt solutions, or to refine metals through electrochemical dissolution into or deposition out of such solutions.
What is electrometallurgy so crucial?An important area of metallurgy called electrometallurgy makes use of electricity to refine crude metals acquired by pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy as well as to extract metals from leach liquors.
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The mass of a piece of metal is 30.4571 grams. When the piece of metal was dropped into a graduated cylinder that had an initial water volume of 6.45 cm³, the total volume increased to 9.90 cm³. What is the density of the piece of metal in g/cm³?
Answer: 8.824 g/cm³
Explanation: To find the density of the piece of metal, we must divide the mass by the volume of the metal. To find the metal's volume, we subtract the initial volume from the total volume.
Volume of metal = Final Volume - Initial Volume
Volume of metal = 9.90 - 6.45
Volume of metal = 3.45 cm³
Now, we can implement the metal's volume into the division process to find the density:
Density = 30.4571 ÷ 3.45
Density = 8.824 g/cm³
Hence, the density of the piece of metal is 8.824 g/cm³.
The difference in electronegativity between C and F is
The electronegativity difference between C (carbon) and F (fluorine) is approximately 1.5.
What is electronegativity?Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself when it is part of a chemical bond. Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table, with an electronegativity value of 4.0, while carbon has an electronegativity value of 2.5.
The electronegativity difference between two atoms in a bond determines the polarity of the bond and the distribution of electrons within the molecule. In the case of C and F, the bond is polar covalent, with the electron density being pulled more towards the fluorine atom due to its higher electronegativity.
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If 3.90 g of CuNO3 is dissolved in water to make a 0.840 M solution, what is the volume of the solution in milliliters?
Answer:
49.6ml
Explanation:
formula: L solution = mols/M
First convert CuNO3 to mols by using its molar mass. 93.56 g
then plug into the formula I gave. 3.90 g CuNO3=0.0417 mols
how many grams of carbon is there in 100g of glucose
The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6, which means it contains 6 carbon atoms.
To calculate the mass of carbon in 100g of glucose, we can use the molar mass of glucose and the molar mass of carbon to find the mass fraction of carbon in glucose:
The molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6) is 180.16 g/mol (6 carbon atoms x 12.01 g/mol + 12 hydrogen atoms x 1.01 g/mol + 6 oxygen atoms x 16.00 g/mol).
The molar mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol.
The mass fraction of carbon in glucose is:
(6 carbon atoms x 12.01 g/mol) / (1 molecule of glucose x 180.16 g/mol) = 0.4
This means that 40% of the mass of glucose comes from carbon. Therefore, in 100g of glucose, there would be:
100g x 0.4 = 40g of carbon.
So, there are 40 grams of carbon in 100g of glucose.
Chemistry Help!!
1. Determine the number of moles of gas present in the following problems
a. 3.0 L of helium gas held in a balloon at STP
b. 3.0 L of helium gas held in a balloon with a temperature of 33 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 99.5 kPa.
c. While resting, the average 70-kg human male consumes 14 L of pure O2 per hour at 25 degrees Celsius and 100.0 kPa. How many moles of oxygen are consumed by the man during this time?
Answer:
a. At STP, the temperature is 273 K and the pressure is 101.3 kPa. Therefore, the number of moles of helium gas present in a 3.0 L balloon at STP is:
n = PV/RT = (101.3 kPa)(3.0 L) / (8.31 J/K/mol)(273 K)
n = 0.1209 mol
b. To solve for the number of moles of helium gas at a different temperature and pressure, we need to use the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we convert the temperature to Kelvin: T = 33°C + 273 = 306 K
Then we can solve for n:
n = PV/RT = (99.5 kPa)(3.0 L) / (8.31 J/K/mol)(306 K)
n = 0.109 mol
c. The number of moles of oxygen consumed by the man can be found using the ideal gas law:
n = PV/RT
We are given the pressure, volume, and temperature, so we can plug those in and solve for n. However, we need to convert the volume from L to m3 and the pressure from kPa to Pa:
V = 14 L = 0.014 m3
P = 100.0 kPa = 100000 Pa
T = 25°C + 273 = 298 K
n = PV/RT = (100000 Pa)(0.014 m3) / (8.31 J/K/mol)(298 K)
n = 0.006 mol
Therefore, the man consumes 0.006 moles of oxygen per hour.
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Give the systematic name for each of the following organic molecules and enter it in the space provided. Be sure to include appropriate punctuation.
A complicated molecule known as an organic is mainly composed of carbon atoms joined to other atoms of the same element and/or other carbon atoms.
Where are organic molecules?In general, scientists classify a particle as organic if it includes at least one other element in addition to carbon. That ingredient is typically one of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. According to some definitions, an organic molecule must contain both carbon and hydrogen.
Organic molecules can be found in the tissues of animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi; in horns and nails, fallen leaves, eggs, fruits, and vegetables; and in wood, milk, paper, petroleum, and gasoline.
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Calculate the moles of BaCO3
that is present in
150 mL of
0.650 M Solution. Convert the
moles to grams using molar mass
of BaCO3.
There are 0.0975 moles of BaCO3 present in 150 mL of 0.650 M solution, which is equal to 13.4 grams of BaCO3.
Are moles and molarity the same?Molarity (M) is calculated by dividing the volume of the solution (V) in litres by the number of moles of solute (n). Not moles of solute per litre of solvent, but rather moles of solute per litre of solution, is a crucial distinction to make when defining molarity.
moles = concentration x volume
150 mL = 150/1000 L = 0.15 L
Then we can use the formula to find the moles of BaCO3:
moles = concentration x volume
moles = 0.650 mol/L x 0.15 L
moles = 0.0975 mol
Next, we can convert the moles of BaCO3 to grams using the molar mass of BaCO3:
molar mass of BaCO3 = 137.33 g/mol (from periodic table)
mass = moles x molar mass
mass = 0.0975 mol x 137.33 g/mol
mass = 13.4 g (rounded to one decimal place)
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Chemistry-Which one is it
london dispersion forces (LDF)
dipole-dipole
hydrogen bonding
The structure given in question is hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules.
What is hydrogen bonding?Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic force of attraction between hydrogen atom which is covalently bound to a more electronegative "donor" atom/ group and another electronegative atom bearing lone pair of electrons— hydrogen bond acceptor.
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules and not a covalent bond to hydrogen atom. It results from attractive force between hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom.
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Experimental data for a 1.00 m Mgl₂ aqueous
solution indicate an actual change in the freezing
point of water of -4.78°C. Find the expected
change in the freezing point of water. Suggest a
possible reason for the discrepancy between the
experimental and expected values.
Answer:
The expected change in freezing point of water can be calculated using the formula:
ΔTf = Kf x molality
Where ΔTf is the change in freezing point, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for water (1.86°C/m), and molality is the molal concentration of the solute (mol of solute/kg of solvent).
Assuming complete dissociation of MgCl2 in water, the molality of the solution can be calculated as:
molality = (1.00 mol MgCl2 / 0.1 kg H2O) = 10.0 mol/kg
Substituting the values into the equation, we get:
ΔTf = (1.86°C/m) x (10.0 mol/kg) = -18.6°C
Therefore, the expected change in the freezing point of water for a 1.00 m MgCl2 solution is -18.6°C.
We know that helium (He) will act more like neon (Ne) than beryllium (Be) Why is helium different than other elements with two valence electrons?
"Helium is different than other elements with two valence electrons, such as beryllium, because it has a full outer shell of electrons. Helium's electron configuration is 1s², which means its first energy level (or shell) is completely filled with two electrons. This makes helium extremely stable and unreactive with other elements, unlike beryllium, which has two valence electrons in an incomplete outer shell and is more reactive.
In contrast, neon (Ne) also has a full outer shell of electrons, but it has a larger number of electrons in total than helium. Neon's electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, meaning its second energy level is also filled, providing additional stability. Therefore, helium is more similar to neon in terms of its electron configuration and chemical behavior than it is to beryllium, which has a partially-filled outer shell and is more reactive." (ChatGPT, 2023)
For all the reactions, identify the reaction type and name the products formed.
1) How would you prepare ethoxyethane from ethene? Provide equations/reactions
2) How would you prepare propanoic acid from prop-1-ene? Provide equations/reactions
3) Place the following organic molecules in order of increasing boiling points: butane, butan-2-one, butanoic acid, and butan-2-ol. Justify your answer.
Answer:
1) Ethoxyethane can be prepared from ethene by the reaction of ethene with ethanol in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid. This is an example of an addition reaction.
Equation:
C2H4 + C2H5OH → C4H10O (ethoxyethane)
2) Propanoic acid can be prepared from prop-1-ene by the reaction of prop-1-ene with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in the presence of water. This is an example of an oxidation reaction.
Equation:
CH2=CHCH3 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2O → CH3CH2COOH (propanoic acid) + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
3) The order of increasing boiling points is: butane < butan-2-ol < butan-2-one < butanoic acid.
Butane is a nonpolar molecule and has only weak London dispersion forces between its molecules, so it has the lowest boiling point.
Butan-2-ol has a polar hydroxyl group (-OH) which allows for hydrogen bonding between its molecules, increasing its boiling point compared to butane.
Butan-2-one has a polar carbonyl group (C=O) which also allows for dipole-dipole interactions between its molecules, increasing its boiling point compared to butan-2-ol.
Butanoic acid has a polar carboxyl group (-COOH) which allows for hydrogen bonding between its molecules, making it the most polar and highest boiling compound among the given options.
If water is added to 1 mole of sodium chloride in a flask until the solution is 1 liter what is the molarity of the solution? What is the molarity when water is added to 2 moles of sodium chloride to make 0.5 liters?
When water is added to 2 moles of sodium chloride to make 0.5 liters, the molarity is 4M.
1. The molarity of a solution is 1 M when 1 mole of sodium chloride is dissolved in 1 liter of water. This is because molarity is defined as the number of molecules of a solute (in this case, sodium chloride) added to the liter of treatment solution. The molarity is 1 M because we have 1 mole of sodium chloride in 1 liter of solution.
2. The molarity of a solution is 4 M when 2 moles of sodium chloride are dissolved in 0.5 liters of water. This is because we have twice as many moles of sodium chloride as in the previous case but only half the volume of water. As a result, the concentration of sodium chloride in the solution is doubled, resulting in a molarity of 4 M.
Mathematically, we can calculate the molarity as follows:
Molarity = the number of moles of solution mass in liters.
In this case, we have 2 moles of Sodium chloride, and its mass is 0.5 liters:
Molarity = 2 moles / 0.5 liters = 4 M
Learn more about molarity:
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