Phage are viruses that must infect bacteria to reproduce. Viral genomes do not contain all the genes needed to produce all proteins necessary for DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation; instead the viruses force bacterial proteins and enzymes to express phage genes instead of bacterial genes.
Phage are very adaptable, and their behavior depends on whether conditions are favorable or unfavorable for making more phage.
When bacteria are plentiful (favorable conditions), viral DNA within the bacteria remains separate from the bacterial chromosome, and the virus forces the bacteria to make more virus. When the amount of virus becomes too much for the cell to hold, the membrane ruptures, and viruses are released to infect surrounding bacteria. This is known as the lytic cycle.
When bacteria are scarce (unfavorable conditions), the viral DNA within the bacteria becomes integrated into the bacterial chromosome. The bacteria survive and are still able to reproduce; viral DNA is transmitted to daughter cells when the bacteria reproduces. This is known as the lysogenic cycle.
As you just read, phage depend on bacteria to reproduce. Phage can be maintained by infecting a culture of bacteria with a strain of phage, and then plating the bacteria on an agar plate to grow.
Suppose that you isolate two mutant strains of phage - one strain cannot enter the lytic cycle and the other strain cannot enter the lysogenic cycle. You also grow wild-type phage as a control. You see three different phenotypes:
A plate with no missing bacteria- the lawn of bacteria is intact
A plate with spots/circles (called plaques) where there are absolutely no bacteria in the circles
A plate with spots/circles (called plaques) where there are some bacteria in the center of the circles.
Based on what you know about what happens in each cycle, match the plating results with the identity of the strain.
Drag each plate into the correct category.
Answer:
A plate with no missing bacteria- the lawn of bacteria is intact----strain with lysogenic cycle.
A plate with spots/circles (called plaques) where there are absolutely no bacteria in the circles---- lytic cycle
A plate with spots/circles (called plaques) where there are some bacteria in the center of the circles----- wild type phage.
Explanation:
The strain which cannot enter the lytic cycle having no missing bacteria on the plate because the virus remains inside the bacterial cell while on the other hand, the other strain that cannot enter the lysogenic cycle having no bacteria on the circle due to infection of virus spreads throughout the cells and no bacterial cell remains uninfected. One plate having some bacteria and some space having no bacteria due to virus of wild type that shows both cycles.
Vascular plants are divided into two main groups
a. True
b. False
____cells cannot be replaced when they are damaged.
options:
red blood
nerve
Answer:
Nerve cells
Explanation:
Nerve cells do not renew themself. Sure, they can be repaired.
HELP I DONT UNDERSTAND
Fish sperm consists mostly of the male fish's DNA. If tested chemically, there would be relatively
high amounts of
A) Nitrogenous bases, sugar and phosphate groups
B) Phospholipids and steroids
C) Triglycerides and ATP
D) Amino acids and unsaturated fats
What
The differee between Riversible Inhibition and
irrversibel Inhibition
Answer:
Explanation:
Irreversible inhibitors usually react with the enzyme and change it chemically (e.g. via covalent bond formation)
In contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and different types of inhibition are produced depending on whether these inhibitors bind to the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both.
help pleaseee
give an example of lamarcks theory of evolution:
Find the type of mutation
Substitution, Insertion, Deletion?
Did the mutation change the reading frame?
Yes or No?
How did the mutation change the amino acid sequence?
1 amino acid change, Premature stop signal, All the amino acids are chabged after the point mutation?
Answer:
the number of members in A municipal corporation depends upon the _______ city
The type of evolution that produced species P and H from species B:
A. divergent evolution
B. sequential evolution
C. phyletic gradualism
D. punctuated equilibrium
PLEASE HELP FAST
Which of the following are carbohydrates?
Select all that apply.
fats
glycogen
starches
sugars
Answer:
fats, starches, sugars
Carbohydrates are fats, starch, and sugars. Thus, option A, C, and D are correct.
What are Carbohydrates?Carbohydrates is defied as that contains biomolecule that contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1.
Carbohydrates are mane source of energy of the body they work as fuel for the brain, kidneys central nervous system and heart muscle.
Cn(H2O)n is the basic formula for all carbohydrates . But this formula have limitation i.e it applies where same amount of carbon and water are use.
Initially the terms carbohydrate was used to describe compounds that have really contains carbohydrates because they had simple formula CH20.
In modern era carbohydrates are classified on the basis of their structure not on their formulae. Such as aldehydes and ketones are now known as polyhydroxy.
Therefore,carbohydrates are fats, starch, and sugars. Thus, option A, C, and D are correct.
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Which of the following best illustrates evidence from comparative anatomy that
supports biological evolution?
A:Different Species that have body structures with multiple functions
B: Different Species that have similar bone patterns
C: Similar species that have body structures with different functions
D:Similar species that have different bone patterns
Answer:
The answer is Different Species that have similar bone patterns. I am pretty sure.
Explanation:
The biological evolution is evident from different species having similar bone structure. Thus, option B is correct.
The evolution is a process of inheritable changes in the organism over the time. The species develops from the ancestral have similar structures.
What is the evidence of Comparative anatomy?The comparative anatomy is the analysis of the pattern of evolution. The anatomy is dived with organisms belonging to same genus but have different species.
The organism of different species and same genus have similar structure, with the evolution of the functions. Thus, the evolution is evident with the organism of different species with same structure are belonged to same genus.
Hence, the biological evolution is evident from different species having similar bone structure. Thus, option B is correct.
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Labrador retrievers are traditionally black, brown, or yellow. The B allele codes for black fur, and the b allele codes for brown fur. The E allele allows the pigment to be deposited in the fur, while the e allele doesn't allow the pigment to be deposited. If one lab has the genotype bbee, and another lab has the genotype BbEe, what is the chance that an offspring will be brown
Answer:
25% of offspring will be brown
Explanation:
4 out of 16 of will be brown
to convert this to a percentage do:
4 ÷ 16 × 100 = 25
Punnett squares are in the image
Brown offspring are circled
what are the chances that a color blind man will have a color blind grandson what are the genotypes for all involved.
Answer:
Depends
Explanation:
It depends if the genotypes are hetero.zygous or resessive/dominant homo.zygous. Being colorblind could be represented by a resessive genotype like, bb. if their son/daughter has Bb or bb or their son/daughter in law has a resessive trait then having a color blind grandchild maybe possible. The colorblind grandson has parents that both have at least 1 resessive trait, then the grandson could not be colorblind.
When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the _____ defenses are the first to react.
Answer:
Correct answer is "non specific defenses"
Answer:
non specific
Explanation:
When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the non specific defenses are the first to react.
it Due today please help
Answer:
1. Denitrification
Explanation:
Denitrification is the process that converts nitrate to nitrogen gas, thus removing bioavailable nitrogen and returning it to the atmosphere.
Denitrification turns Nitrate to N2 gas
Explanation:
pls help on the question below
Help me out pls and thanks omgggg
Answer:
answer is A good luck on you're quiz
Exponential growth happens when a population grows at a decreasing rate.
O True
O False
Answer:
false
Explanation:
exponential growth happens when the population increases
Heparin, a highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan, is used clinically as an anticoagulant. It acts by binding several plasma proteins, including antithrombin III, an inhibitor of blood clotting. The 1:1 binding of heparin to antithrombin III seems to cause a conformational change in the protein that greatly increases its ability to inhibit clotting. What amino acid residues of antithrombin III are likely to interact with heparin
Answer:
Positively charged amino acids
Explanation:
Heparin is an acid polysaccharide that has a strong negative charge due to the sulfate groups on its glucosamine residues. This negative charge confers to heparin anticoagulant activity. The negatively charged groups in the heparin molecule can interact with positively charged (basic) residues, such as arginine (Arg) and lysine (Lys) of plasma proteins. For example, it has been shown that lysine amino acid residues of antithrombin III may be involved in the binding with heparin.
Simple cells without organelles, what structure it is called
Answer:
I think its a Prokaryotic cell
Explanation:
Vascular Tissue is mostly likely to be found in the___of a plant’s shoot
- Center
- Between the center and outside
- None of these
- Outside
Solids have a definite:
a Shape
b Volume
c Arrangement of atoms, molecules
d All of the above
Answer:
d all of the above :)
Explanation:
hope this helped
Answer:
D) All of the above.
Explanation:
The Shape of a solid does not change (with exceptions), and the atoms typically remain static with little freedom of movement.
The volume of the solid also stays exactly the same if no external adjustments are made.
The arrangements of atoms & molecules are definitive and packed together, giving little movement, therefore allowing the solid to keep form.
~
5. Which of the following statements is correct?
-Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled
-Normal filtrate contains large amounts of protein
-Most of the water passing through the kidney is eliminated as urine
-The excretion of sodium ions is one of the mechanism that maintains pH balance in the blood.
Answer:
most of water passing through through the kidney is eliminated as urine
AZT is a drug that is commonly used to fight HIV infection. The active component of AZT is a nitrogenous base that mimics thymine. Normal nucleotides CANNOT covalently bond to the thymine mimic. HIV's reverse transcriptase enzyme will use the thymine mimic instead of using thymine, whereas our DNA polymerase will not make this mistake. What is the most likely explanation for how AZT prevents HIV replication
AZT works by selectively inhibiting HIV's reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that the virus uses to make a DNA copy of its RNA. Reverse transcription is necessary for production of HIV's double-stranded DNA, which would be subsequently integrated into the genetic material of the infected cell to produce its proteins. All reverse transcriptase inhibitors are analogues of the naturally occurring deoxynucleotides needed to synthesize the viral DNA and they compete with the natural deoxynucleotides for incorporation into the growing viral DNA chain.
how many times does a child have to be vaccinated against tetanus?
Answer:
There are 5 doses to the tetanus shot for a child. That is what is reccommended.
Explanation:
The first unstable compound formed during C3 cycle is:
(a) 3-carboxy,2-keto, 1,6 bi phosphorobitol
(c) 2-carboxy,3-keto,1,5 biphosphorobitol
(b) 2-carboxy,3-keto,1,5-biphosphorobitol
(d) 3-carboxy,3-keto, 1,6-biphosphorobitol
Answer:
(b) 2-carboxy,3-keto,1,5-biphosphorobitol
Explanation:
2-carboxy, 3-keto, 1,5-biphosphorobitol is the first unstable molecule formed during the C3 cycle. Due to its instability, this molecule is quickly broken down into two molecules each containing 3 carbon atoms, called 3-phosphoglyceric acid, this breakdown is done through water in a process known as hydrolysis.
Fernanda is feeling sick and goes to the
doctor. Upon taking a blood sample, the
doctor observes that Fernanda's cells
contain a pathogen that seems to be made
of small cells with no nucleus. What type of
infection does Fernanda have?
bacterial
fungal
none of the above
viral
Answer:
bacterial
Explanation:
A prokaryotic organism is an organism that does not possess a membrane-bound nucleus that houses its genetic material. Organisms grouped under this domain are bacteria, archaebacteia etc.
According to this question, Fernanda goes for a blood sample because she felt sick. The result of the blood sampling shows that the cells of Fernanda contain a pathogen that seems to be made of small cells with no nucleus. This property describes a prokaryotic pathogen. Hence, the infection is most likely to be that of a BACTERIAL INFECTION.
Note that, a fungus is eukaryotic while a virus is considered non-living because it can only replicate in a living host.
Which of the following conditions would activate the unfolded protein response? (check all that apply)
Group of answer choices
a. reduction in receptor-mediated endocytosis
b. synthesis of many extra secreted proteins.
c. mutation of a factor critical for degradation of proteins in the lysosome
d. mutation of a factor important for protein folding in the ER
Answer:
b. synthesis of many extra secreted proteins.
c. mutation of a factor critical for degradation of proteins in the lysosome
d. mutation of a factor important for protein folding in the ER
The conditions that would activate the unfolded protein response are:
Synthesis of many extra secreted proteins.Mutation of a factor critical for degradation of proteins in the lysosome.Mutation of a factor important for protein folding in the ER. What do you mean by unfolded protein response?The unfolded protein response may be defined as a cellular stress response related to the endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is a mechanism through which the accumulation of misfolded protein is induced.
Unfolded protein response gats are activated when there is any mutation or alteration that takes place in the ER, and sometimes lysosomes. Because these are both organelles that mediate the protein trafficking throughout the cell.
Therefore, the conditions that would activate the unfolded protein response are statements (b), (c), and (d).
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What characteristic could provide a species with a better chance of surviving a drastic environmental change?
(A) A small population size
(B) A highly diversified gene pool
(C) specialized cells within the body
(D) Many individuals with the recessive trait
A highly diversified gene pool could provide a species with a better chance of surviving a drastic environmental change. So, the correct option is B.
What is Diversified Gene pool?Greater genetic diversity within a population is made possible by a diverse gene pool, which raises the possibility that at least some members of the population will exhibit features that are more adapted to the new environment.
This variety can develop as a result of gene flow from other populations or mutations. The number of people having the recessive trait or a limited population size, however, would not always give an advantage in enduring environmental change. A species may have a better chance of surviving a severe environmental shift if its gene pool is extremely varied.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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what is liver in mammalian body
Answer: The liver is an organ only found in vertebrates which detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm.
Explanation: