Null hypothesis: there is no significant difference in the number of headaches people have per month before and after taking the medication ( = 0). Alternative hypothesis: the medication reduces the number of headaches people have per month (0).
This means that the scientist is testing whether her medication has a significant effect on reducing the frequency of headaches, with the null hypothesis stating that there is no effect and the alternative hypothesis stating that there is a significant effect. The use of the term "" refers to the population mean of headache frequency.
This is because it explains the reasoning behind the null and alternative hypotheses as well as the meaning of the symbols used in the hypotheses.
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