What is Electric Field?
-- Electric field, an electric property associated with each point in space when charge is present in any form.
--The magnitude and direction of the electric field are expressed by the value of E, called electric field strength or electric field intensity or simply the electric field..
What is electric force ?
-- The repulsive or attractive interaction between any two charged bodies is called as electric force.
-- Similar to any force, its impact and effects on the given body are described by Newton's laws of motion.
-- The electric force is one of the various forces that act on objects.
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after a great many contacts with the charged ball, how is the charge on the rod arranged (when the charged ball is far away)?
Answer:
know what the substance is! All you need is the units of working strength and the volume of the solution. When a charged ball is far away from a rod, the charge on the rod is arranged in such a way that it is equal to the charge of the ball. This means that if the ball is positively charged, the rod will also be positively charged. The same applies if the ball is negatively charged. An analogy that can help to understand this concept is a magnet. When two magnets are placed close to each other, the poles of the magnets will either attract or repel each other depending on the type of poles. The same applies to the rod and the charged ball. If the ball is positively charged, it will attract the rod, and if the ball is negatively charged, it will repel the rod. Fun Fact: The electric field surrounding a charged object is called an electrostatic field. It is an invisible field that is created by the object's charge and affects other objects that are nearby.
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a girl lays on the edge of a cliff and looks down at the water below. wondering how far the drop is, she drops a pebble over the edge and counts 1.37 s from the time that she releases the pebble (from rest) to when it strikes the water. how far below the cliff is the surface of the water?
The pebble was traveling at 13.44 m/s when it impacted the water.
The speed at which something moves in a specific direction is known as its velocity. as the speed of a car driving north on a highway or the pace at which a rocket takes off.
A cliff is a group of rocks that rises nearly vertically, or straight up and down, from the ground. Cliffs are a frequent component in landscapes. Sea cliffs are one type that can occur around the coast, high in the mountains, or as the walls of canyons and valleys.
t = Time taken = 1.37 s
u = Initial velocity
v = Final velocity
s = Displacement
a = Gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s2 (downward direction is taken as positive)
Equation of motion
v = u + at
v = 0 + 9.81 × 1.37
v = 0 + 13.4397
v = 13.44 m/s
When the stone impacted the water, its speed was 13.44 m/s.
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use the worked example above to help you solve this problem. a typical jetliner lands at a speed of 143 mi/h and decelerates at the rate of (10.8 mi/h)/s. if the jetliner travels at a constant speed of 143 mi/h for 1.1 s after landing before applying the brakes, what is the total displacement of the jetliner between touchdown on the runway and coming to rest?
The displacement due to the constant speed and the displacement due to the deceleration gives a total displacement of 238.5 mi.
What is displacement?Displacement is the measurement of how far an object has moved from its initial position. It is commonly expressed in terms of distance and direction, and is often measured in terms of meters or kilometers. Displacement is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
The total displacement of the jetliner between touchdown and coming to rest can be calculated by adding the displacement due to the constant speed for 1.1 seconds and the displacement due to the deceleration over the same time period.
The displacement due to the constant speed of 143 mi/h for 1.1 s is found by multiplying the speed (143 mi/h) by the time (1.1 s) to get 159.3 mi.
The displacement due to the deceleration is found by calculating the average speed of the jetliner between touchdown and coming to rest, then multiplying this average speed by the time (1.1 s). The average speed of the jetliner is found by taking the difference between its initial speed (143 mi/h) and its final speed (0 mi/h) and dividing it by 2. This gives an average speed of 71.5 mi/h. Multiplying this average speed by the time (1.1 s) gives a displacement due to deceleration of 79.2 mi.
Adding the displacement due to the constant speed and the displacement due to the deceleration gives a total displacement of 238.5 mi.
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You are designing an airport for small planes. One kind of airplane that might use this airfield must reach a speed before takeoff of at least 27. 8 m/s (100 km/h), and can accelerate at 2. 00 m/s^2. A) If the runway is 150 meter long, can this airplane reach the required speed for takeoff? if not, what minimum length must the runway have?
Therefore, the runways must be at least 193.21 meters long.
What is the runway's required minimum length?Due to that,
The airfield's initial speed is 0 and its final speed is 27.8 m/s.
The airfield is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s
2 Runway length, where d is 150 meters
Let v' be the speed at which the aircraft reaches the necessary velocity for takeoff.
Using the third equation of motion, calculate v' as follows: v' = 2 ad v' 2*2*150
This speed is insufficient since the airfield needs to accelerate to at least 27.8 m/s before departure.
The runways must now be as long as v' = 24.49 m/s.
Therefore, the runways must be at least 193.21 meters long.
x = v²/2a
x = 193.21 m
Therefore, the runways must be at least 193.21 meters long.
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the energy change in a system is related to the amount of heat transferred and work done. if there is no heat transferred, what is the magnitude of work in a system equal to?
If there is no heat transferred, the magnitude of work in a system is equal to the change in the internal energy of the system.
If there is no heat transferred, the magnitude of work in a system is equal to the change in the internal energy (ΔU) of the system.
In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a system is the energy that is associated with the random molecular motion of the system. When work is done on or by a system, the internal energy of the system will change.
In the case where no heat is transferred, the first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy (ΔU) of the system is equal to the work done on the system (W):
ΔU = W
So if there is no heat transferred, the magnitude of work in a system is equal to the change in the internal energy of the system.
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A 6.0-ohm lamp requires 0.25 ampere of current to operate. In which circuit below would the lamp operate correctly when switch S is closed
It would only operate in C. In A and D, closing the switch would introduce a pathway of zero resistance.
In which circuit below would the lamp operate correctly when switch S is closed?
A switch has two states Open or closed When a switch is open no current can flow through it. When a switch is closed current flows through it.Electric current flows only if the circuit is closed. That is why we have switches at home. We call them key in circuit diagrams. When the key is not closed, the current does not flow through the circuit.When the switch is closed the current suddenly increased in circuit which produced a magnetic field and which caused deflection in the galvanometer. But when it is kept closed, the flow of current becomes constant so there will be no magnetic field and hence the pointer will return to zero.To learn more about ohm refers to:
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the airplane travels with constant velocity. a piece of its cargo falls out of an open door. which curve best describes the motion of the piece of cargo?
The curve of a parabolic path best captures the motion of the piece of cargo.
The parcel moves in a parabolic path, always remaining underneath the aircraft. As the package falls, it encounters a vertical acceleration that alters its vertical velocity. The downward force of gravity on the package is what is causing this vertical acceleration.
If the package's velocity could be roughly compared to projectile motion, then there would be no horizontal acceleration (that is, if the impact of air resistance could be assumed to be insignificant). In the absence of horizontal forces, there would be a constant horizontal velocity. This explains why the package was dropped beneath the plane, as it were.
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why the amplitude of the action potential did not increase as stimulation voltage increased above threshold
When a threshold is achieved, the neuron must go through a refractory period, that's why the amplitude of the action potential did not increase as stimulation voltage goes above the threshold.
There are 3 very important functions of nerve action potentials. First, the nerve action potential has a very short duration of about 1 mili-sec. Second, nerve action potentials are managed in an all-or-nothing fashion. Third, nerve cells code the intensity of coding information by the frequency.
The size of the action potential does not become larger, when the intensity of the stimulus gets increased. Rather, the frequency increases. In general, the greater the intensity of a stimulus, the greater the number of action potentials or frequency elicited.
Similarly, for the electric motor system, the greater the number of action potentials or frequency in a motor neuron, the greater the intensity of the compression of a muscle that is innervated by that motor neuron.
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direction cosines tell the angle between the force vector and each of the coordinate axes. select one: true false
The given statement about “direction cosines tell the angle between the force vector and each of the coordinate axes” is true.
Analytical geometry defines the directional cosines of a vector as the cosines of the angles formed by the vector with the three coordinate axes. To calculate the cosine of a vector's direction, divide the relevant coordinate by the vector's length. A direction's cosine is equivalent to a unit vector's x-coordinate. One such property of the direction cosine is that the sum of the squares of all the direction cosines equals one. The cosine of the angle subtended by a line having three coordinate axes, such as the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, is known to be the direction cosine. The direction cosines are cos α, cos β, and cos γ if the angles subtended by these three axes α, β, and γ.
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5. Based on your experiences with damping in the simulation, how do you think you could damp a sound wave?
Sound waves between layers of mass are dampened or diminished using MLV (Mass Loaded Vinyl).
By converting sound waves into heat through the use of a viscoelastic damping compound or MLV, the waves are weakened before they reach the next layer of mass.
Sound can only be stopped by mass. A mass can be made of plywood, drywall, or concrete.
The typical model for wave damping includes a velocity dependent term.
The damping increases when you try to distort the medium more quickly. The amount of damping is significantly influenced by the fluid's viscosity, through which the sound wave is propagating.
Only the bass portion of music is audible when heard from a distance because higher frequency sound dampens in air more quickly.
How does wave damping work?The wave's amplitude decreases with increasing displacement due to the decrease in energy per unit volume. However, when the wave's energy is dispersed over a huge region, causing it to decay rapidly, a different sort of damping (decrease in energy per unit volume) can be seen.
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sam walks at a constant speed of 5.00m/s along a straight ling from point a to point b. they then walk back along the line from point b to point a at a constant speed of 3.00m/s. what is the velocity speed over the entire trip.
According to the problem the velocity speed over the entire trip is 0 m/s.
What is velocity speed?Velocity speed is the rate of change of an object's position over a period of time. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. Velocity speed is typically measured in meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h). The magnitude of velocity speed is the rate at which an object moves, while the direction indicates the path it takes. For example, if an object moves 10 meters in 5 seconds, its velocity speed would be 2 m/s in a certain direction. Velocity speed can also be calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken to travel that distance.
This is because velocity is a measure of displacement over time,
and since the total displacement (from point A to point B and back to point A) is 0 meters,
the velocity speed is also 0 m/s.
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Use vector arrows to represent the velocity of a car that travels north at 50 mi/h and then travels east at 25 mi/h.
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Assuming they travel at the two velocities for equal amounts of time
conduction is the charging by contact so the uncharged object takes
A charged object must come into contact with a neutral object to conduct electricity. As a result, when two charged conductors come into contact, the charge is split between the two conductors, charging the uncharged conductor.
Explain the phenomenon of conduction?Among the three primary methods for the transfer of heat energy is conduction.
Heat energy is transferred through the mechanism of conduction when nearby atoms or molecules collide. In liquids and solids where particles are more closely spaced, conduction happens more easily than in gases, when particles are more widely spaced. When there is a significant temperature differential between substances who are in contact, the rate of energy transmission by conduction is increased. Metals, for example, are some solids that effectively transmit heat. Unsurprisingly, insulated handles are seen on a lot of pots and pans. Water and air (a gaseous combination) are poor thermal energy conductors. They're known as insulators.Thus, a charged object must come into contact with a neutral object to conduct electricity.
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Elastic and (for our purposes) Nearly Elastic Collisions:
Select all that apply
conserve the momentum of each object
conserve the total kinetic energy of the system
conserve the total momenta of the system
conserve the kinetic energy of each object
For elastic collision and nearly elastic Collisions: conserve the total kinetic energy of the system and conserve the total momenta of the system.
option B and C.
What is law of conservation of linear momentum?The law of conservation of linear momentum states that in an isolated system during elastic or inelastic collision the sum of the initial momentum of the system is equal to the sum of the final momentum of the system.
An elastic collision is a type of collision in which the two objects move with a different velocities after the collision.
In elastic collision both momentum and kinetic energy is conserved unlike the inelastic collision where only momentum is conserved and the kinetic energy of the system is not conserved.
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what is the electric field at a distance r form an infinite sheet of charge with surface charge density sigma?
The electric field at distance r from a uniformly charged infinite sheet of charge density σ can be formulated as σ/2ϵ
As per the Gauss's law, the total electric flux through a closed surface is 1/ϵo times the charge enclosed in the surface. It can be denoted as Ф= q/ϵo.
The Electric flux expressed through a closed surface can be written as:
[tex]\int\limits^{} \, E.ds \\\int\limits^{} \, E.ds[/tex] = q/ϵo.
Here, E is the electric field, q is the charge enclosed in the surface and ϵo can be written as the permittivity of the free space.
The electric field computed at distance r from a uniformly charged infinite sheet of charge density σ can be formulated as σ/2ϵ.
In the expression, ϵo is the absolute permittivity of the free space, E is the electric field and σ is surface charge density.
The field is uniform and does not depend on the distance from the plane sheet of charge.
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electric motor control stephen herman unit 1 what is a controller and what is its function? (use the glossary and the information from this unit to answer this question.)
The controller is a device, or combination of devices, that manages how an electric motor operates. The controller manages how much electricity is sent to linked equipment in a predetermined amount. In other words, the controller provides the apparatus with electric power based on the intended output.
In the context of computers, a controller is a piece of hardware or software that manages or controls the data flow between two entities. For the purpose of controlling a peripheral device, controllers in computers can be cards, microchips, or distinct hardware devices. The controller is a device, or combination of devices, that manages how an electric motor operates. A predetermined amount will be delivered under the controller's direction.
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discuss your observations regarding the velocity and acceleration of a ball undergoing the projectile motion of a basketball shot.
A ball undergoing a projectile motion of a basketball shot has two components of velocity, 1) horizontal component and 2) vertical component
When a ball undergoes a projectile motion at θ° angle, it possesses two components of velocity, Horizontal component = vcosθ and vertical component = vsinθ. Vertical components always subjected to acceleration due to gravity in downward direction, whereas horizontal component does not have any acceleration. So it remains constant throughout the whole journey.
Time taken by the ball to reach at height, T = (vsinθ)/g
Total time to return to the ground is 2T = 2vsinθ/g
Horizontal range of the ball, R = vcosθ × 2T
= 2vsinθ(vcosθ)/g
= v²sin2θ/g
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for a chipmunk to collect food, it has to find an acorn, put it in its mouth, run to the hole, and put the acorn in the hole. the chipmunk would like to collect twenty acorns. repeating the loop to collect an acorn is called
The chipmunk would like to collect twenty acorns. repeating the loop to collect an acorn is called foraging.
What is loop?Looping is a programming technique that allows a set of instructions to be repeated until a specific condition is met. It is used to execute a set of statements multiple times based on a condition. Loops are used to perform repetitive tasks such as iterating over an array or a collection. They are also used to perform an action on each element in a collection of data. A loop can execute a block of code as long as the specified condition is true. There are two main types of loops: condition-controlled loops and count-controlled loops. Condition-controlled loops execute a set of instructions while a certain condition is true, while count-controlled loops execute a set of instructions a certain number of times. Loops are essential to programming as they allow us to automate repetitive tasks, which can make programs more efficient and easier to maintain.
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_____ atoms give organic molecules their overall shape; _____ atoms determine the overall chemical behavior of organic molecules.
Carbon atoms give organic molecules their overall shape; functional group atoms determine the overall chemical behavior of organic molecules.
Carbon atoms are the building blocks of organic molecules, which are molecules that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons, which allows them to form four covalent bonds with other atoms, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other carbon atoms. This ability to form multiple bonds allows carbon atoms to connect to each other in a variety of ways, creating an almost endless variety of organic molecules with different shapes and properties. Carbon atoms can form single, double or triple bonds with each other and other atoms, which gives rise to different chemical properties and structures of organic molecules. For example, single bonds are relatively weak and allow for rotation around the bond, whereas double and triple bonds are stronger and do not allow for rotation. This difference in bond strength and rotational freedom is the basis for the different types of isomers, compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures and properties. Furthermore, Carbon atoms can also form cyclic structures such as cyclohexane, cyclopentane and aromatic compounds such as benzene and its derivatives. These cyclic structures are planar and have special properties like stability, reactivity and electronic distribution.
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energy can exist in numerous forms such as thermal, mechanical, kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, chemical and nuclear in a system. the sum of all these energies is called .
Total energy is the result of adding up all these energies. Multiple types of energy, including thermal, mechanical, kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, chemical, and nuclear energy, can exist in a system.
What precisely is a scientific energy?Energy is defined as the ability to "perform work," which is defined as the capacity to exert a force great enough to move an item. Although the definition is ambiguous, the idea behind it is actually fairly simple: electricity simply refers to the force that propels objects. There are two different types of potential energy.
fundamental explanation for energyThe simplest way to define energy is as the capacity to operate. What moves and transforms things is energy. It comes in a variety of shapes and is everywhere. It takes energy to prepare food.
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a police siren emits sound waves at a frequency of 400 hz. if the police car moves toward you at a speed of 27.0 m/s, what siren frequency will you perceive? take the speed of sound to be 343 m/s.
The siren frequency you will perceive is 430,1 Hz. The result is obtained by using the concept of Doppler effect.
What is the Doppler effect?The Doppler's effect is a phenomenon when the source of a wave and an observer move relative to each other, the frequency heard is not the same with the actual frequency.
The equation of the Doppler effect is
f₀ = [(v ± v₀)/(v ± vs)] × fs
Where
f₀ = observer frequency of soundv = speed of sound waves (340 m/s)v₀ = observer velocityvs = source velocityfs = actual frequency of sound wavesNote:
v₀ (+) if the observer moves closer to the sound source.vs (+) if the sound source moves away from the observer.A police siren emitting sound waves moves toward you with
fs = 400 Hzvs = 27.0 m/sv = 343 m/sFind the frequency you will perceive!
Suppose you are at rest. So, v₀ = 0. The police siren moves toward you. So, vs = (-).The frequency that you will be heard is
f₀ = [(v ± v₀)/(v ± vs)] × fs
f₀ = [(v + 0)/(v - vs)] × fs
f₀ = [343/(343 - 27.0)] × 400
f₀ = (343/319) × 400
f₀ = 430,1 Hz
Hence, you will perceive the siren sound with the frequency of 430,1 Hz.
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A 4000 kg truck traveling at 10 m/s collides with a 1000 kg car that is at rest. Answer the following questions concerning the collision. (Circle all that apply. Consider only the magnitude of the values, ignore the fact that some are negative numbers. )
A) Which experiences a larger force? truck or car or neither
B) Which experiences a larger impulse? truck or car or neither
C) Which experiences a larger change in momentum? truck or car or neither
D) Which experiences a larger change in velocity? truck or car or neither
I will mark brainliest if correct! Please!
Ignore the fact that some of the values are negative numbers and instead consider their magnitude.
A) Both are experience large force.
B) Both are experience large impulse.
C) Both are experience large momentum.
D) Car experience large change velocity.
What does the word collides mean?collision; collision To come together and have a strong or direct effect is an intransitive verb. The vehicle struck a tree. Hovercraft collision
According to the solving:Utilizing the rule of conservation of momentum, we can find a solution to this issue. If there are no outside forces, the truck-car system's total momentum must be preserved both before and after the collision.
Truck of mass m1 = 4000kg
velocity of truck V1 = 10m/s
Car of mass m2 = 1000kg
let
velocity of car V2
principle of conservation of momentum use
m1V1=m2V2
4000×10=1000×V2
V2=40000/1000
V2=40m/s
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If you were paddling up stream in a canoe at 2 m/min and the river is flowing at 1.5 m/ min? What is your net or final velocity?(This is a vector problem)
As you were paddling upstream, your net or final velocity is 0.5 m/s.
What is velocity?The rate at which a body's displacement changes in relation to time is known as its velocity. Velocity is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. SI unit of velocity is meter/second.
The magnitude of velocity of river flowing: u = 1.5 m/min.
The magnitude of velocity of your canoe: v = 2 m/min.
As you were paddling upstream, that is, in opposite to the flow, your net or final velocity is = v - u
= 2 m/min - 1.5 m/min
= 0.5 m/min.
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the rate of change of the downward velocity of a falling object is the acceleration of gravity (10 meters/sec^2) minus the acceleration due to air resistance. suppose that the acceleration due to air resistance is 0.2 inverse seconds times the downward velocity. write the initial value problem and the solution for the downward velocity for an object that is dropped (not thrown) from a great height.
Assume that the downhill velocity is multiplied by 0.25 inverse seconds to get the acceleration caused by air resistance. Describe the initial value issue and its resolution.
How well does air resistance impact the rate at which items fall?Because air resistance slows down the motion of the falling object, it impacts acceleration during a fall to a lesser extent than gravity (g). The object's surface area and speed both influence the amount it slows down.
What are the issue and solution with initial value?A initial and boundary problem (IVP) in multivariable calculus consists of a normal differential equation and an initial condition that specify exact amount of the unknown variable at a specific location in the domain. In physics or even other sciences, modeling a system typically entails resolving an initial value dilemma.
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Two mirrors are placed perpendicular to each other. A beam of light reflects off mirror 1 with incident angle θi = 78 degrees, then reflects off mirror 2 with angle θf
The angle of refection of the light from the second mirror forms an angle of 12°.
Explain the term reflection of light?When light reflects off a something, that is reflection. The light reflects at a similar angle from a smooth, shining surface, such as glass, water, or polished metal.
The horizontal mirror's reflected ray forms an angle with it, while the vertical mirror's incident ray forms an angle with the horizontal axis.The reflected ray and the initial ray are parallel.This is true for any position-fixed pairs of perpendicular mirrors.Allow ray to collide with vertical mirror at angle θi = 78 degrees.
It is then evident from the diagram that the angle of incidence at the horizontal mirror is (90°−θ) by combining the perpendiculars for two mirrors.
Thus,
θf = 90 - 78
θf = 12°
Thus, angle of refection of the light from the second mirror forms an angle of 12°.
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The half-life of francium-223 is 20 minutes. If a sample originally contains 10 g of the isotope, how much remains after an hour? Please help me!! FAST!
(20 points)
The amount of the mass of the radioactive isotope remaining after 1 hour is 1.25 g.
What is the mass of the sample remaining after an hour?The mass of the sample remaining after an hour is calculated from the half life of the isotope as shown below.
The half life of the radioactive isotope = 10 minutes
The amount of the mass of the radioactive isotope remaining after 1 hour is calculated as follows;
1 hour = 60 minutes
0 half life ---------------------------> 10 g
20 minutes ------------------------> 5 g
40 minutes -----------------------> 2.5 g
60 minutes -----------------------> 1.25 g
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A driver applies the brake and his car goes from 15m/s² to a halt within 5seconds.how much distance did it travel before coming to a halt
Answer:
To find the distance the car traveled before coming to a halt, we can use the formula:
distance = initial velocity x time + (1/2) x acceleration x time^2
In this case, initial velocity is 15m/s², time is 5 seconds, and acceleration is -15m/s² (negative because the car is decelerating to a stop).
So, distance = 15m/s² x 5 seconds + (1/2) x -15m/s² x (5 seconds)^2
The distance the car traveled before coming to a halt is approximately 168.75 meters.
16. (a) a 360-nm thick oil film floats on the surface of a pool of water. the indices of refraction of the oil and the water are 1.50 and 1.33, respectively. when the surface of the oil is illuminated from above at normal incidence with white light, what is the wavelength in vacuum of light, between 400 nm and 800 nm wavelengths that is most weakly reflected?
Therefore, 540 nm is the wavelength od light that reflects light the least.
In wavelength, what does mean?The Greek symbol lambda () is commonly used to represent a wave's length. Wavelength is defined as the product of the speed (v) and frequency (f) of a travelling wave in a given medium.
The definitions of wavelength and frequencyThe wavelength, which is also the distance between the two wave crests and troughs, is the measurement of wave length. In per second cycles (Hz), the term "frequency" represents the number many vibration that cross a specific area in a second (Hertz). This article talks about the relationship between wavelength and frequency.
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4. A 50 kg person runs 2 m/s.
The kinetic energy of the person that runs is 100 J.
What is the kinetic energy of the person?We have to note that the kinetic energy is the energy that is possessed by the object that is in motion. As such, we say that an object has kinetic energy when the object can be seen to be moving from one point to the other.
We know that;
Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv^2
m = mass of the object
v = velocity of the object
As such;
KE = 0.5 * 50 * 2^2
KE = 100 J
The kinetic energy of the runner has been calculated as 100J.
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Missing parts;
A 50 kg person runs 2 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the person.
astronomers theorize that a black hole forms when a massive object shrinks catastrophically under its own gravity, leaving only a gravitational field so strong that nothing escapes it. astronomers must infer the existence of black holes, which are invisible, from their gravitational influence on the visible bodies surrounding them. for example, observations indicate that gas clouds in galaxy m87 are whirling unusually fast about the galaxy's center. most astronomers believe that the large concentration of mass at the galaxy's center is a black hole whose gravity is causing the gas to whirl. a few skeptics have argued that the concentration of mass necessary to explain the speed of the whirling gas is not necessarily a black hole: the concentration in m87 might be a cluster of a billion or so dim stars. the same hypothesis might have been applied to the galaxy ngc 4258, but the notion of such a cluster's existing in ngc 4258 was severely undermined when astronomers measured the speed of a ring of dust and gas rotating close to the galaxy's center. from its speed, they calculated that the core's density is more than 40 times the density estimated for any other galaxy. if the center of ngc 4258 were a star cluster, the stars would be so closely spaced that collisions between individual stars would have long ago torn the cluster apart. question the passage is primarily concerned with
The passage is primarily concerned with explaining how astronomers infer the existence of black holes.
What is astronomers?Astronomers are scientists who study the universe, its components, and the laws that govern it. They use a variety of tools and techniques to observe and analyze astronomical phenomena. Astronomers use telescopes to observe distant objects in the sky, such as stars, galaxies, and planets. They also use spectroscopy to measure the composition of celestial bodies and study their motion through space. Astronomers also use computers to simulate astronomical events and create models of the universe. Additionally, they often collaborate with other scientists in fields such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering to better understand the universe. Astronomy is an ever-evolving field that continues to provide new insights into our understanding of the cosmos.
To learn more about astronomers
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