A modulo-24 counter circuit needs ( ) D filp-flops at least.

Main answer: The neurons that select a particular motor program are the upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex.

The selection and initiation of specific motor programs in the body are primarily controlled by the upper motor neurons located in the premotor cortex. The premotor cortex, which is a region of the frontal lobe in the brain, plays a crucial role in planning and coordinating voluntary movements. These upper motor neurons receive inputs from various areas of the brain, including the primary motor cortex, sensory regions, and the basal ganglia, to generate the appropriate motor commands.

The premotor cortex acts as a hub for integrating sensory information and translating it into motor commands. It receives input from sensory pathways that carry information about the current state of the body and the external environment. This sensory input, along with the information from other brain regions, helps the premotor cortex determine the desired motor program required to accomplish a particular task.

Once the appropriate motor program is selected, the upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex send signals down to the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. These lower motor neurons directly innervate the muscles and execute the motor commands generated by the premotor cortex. They act as the final link between the central nervous system and the muscles, enabling the execution of coordinated movements.

In summary, while several brain regions are involved in motor control, the upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex play a critical role in selecting and initiating specific motor programs. They integrate sensory information and coordinate with other brain regions to generate motor commands, which are then executed by the lower motor neurons. Understanding this hierarchy of motor control is essential for comprehending the complexity of voluntary movements.

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The work done by the force is -361.2 J.work is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the force by the displacement and the cosine of the angle between the force and displacement vectors.

In this case, the force and displacement are in the same direction, so the angle is 0 degrees and the cosine is 1. Therefore, the work is given by the formula: work = force x displacement x cos(angle).

Plugging in the given values, we have: work = 75.5 N x 2.40 m x cos(0°) = 361.2 J.

The negative sign indicates that the work done is in the opposite direction of the displacement. In this case, since the force is applied to the left and the displacement is also to the left, the negative sign simply indicates that the work is done in the direction opposite to the force.

The work done represents the energy transferred to the sofa. In this scenario, the force of 75.5 N exerts a net force on the 47.2 kg sofa, causing it to slide 2.40 meters to the left. The work done by the force is -361.2 J, which means that 361.2 joules of energy are transferred from the force to the sofa. This energy is used to overcome the friction between the sofa and the ground, enabling its movement.

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Circuit breakers should be inserted into an electrical panel during a home inspection.

Electrical panels, also known as breaker panels, distribution boards, or circuit breaker boxes, are used to distribute electrical power throughout a building. Circuit breakers, as the name implies, break a circuit if an electrical overload or short circuit occurs, preventing damage to electrical devices and potential fire hazards.

These breakers automatically switch off to protect the wiring from overheating or damage, cutting off power to the affected area of the electrical system, making them an essential component of the electrical panel. Hence, during a home inspection, it is crucial to ensure that all circuit breakers in the electrical panel are properly working and are not outdated and need to be replaced.

An electrical panel should be inspected by a licensed electrician to ensure the safety of the occupants and the home. This inspection ensures that the electrical system is in good condition, properly installed, and not presenting any electrical hazards.

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The necessary assumptions for the analysis of temperature distribution in the crude oil flow are X, Y, and Z.

In order to simplify the general equation of energy and obtain a partial differential equation for temperature distribution in the crude oil flow, certain assumptions are necessary.

One assumption is that the physical properties of the crude oil, such as viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity, are temperature-independent.

This simplifies the analysis by eliminating the need to consider variations in these properties with temperature.

Another assumption is that heat conduction in the flow direction is negligible compared to energy convection.

This implies that heat transfer predominantly occurs through convective processes rather than conductive processes in the direction of flow.

Additionally, it is assumed that viscous heating, which refers to the conversion of mechanical energy into heat due to fluid viscosity, is negligible.

This assumption implies that the contribution of viscous heating to the overall energy balance is small and can be neglected.

By making these assumptions, the analysis can focus on the convective heat transfer processes and simplify the energy equation for temperature distribution in the crude oil flow.

The assumptions made in the analysis of temperature distribution in the crude oil flow play a crucial role in simplifying the governing equations and facilitating the understanding of heat transfer processes.

These assumptions enable engineers and researchers to develop simplified models and equations that accurately represent the behavior of the system under consideration.

Understanding the impact and validity of these assumptions is essential for accurate analysis and prediction of temperature distributions in various fluid flow systems.

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During a landing from a jump a 70 kg volleyball player with a foot of length 0.25 meters has an angular acceleration of 250 deg/sec² around their ankle joint. The moment arm of the anterior talofibular ligament is approximately 1.07 meters.

The anterior talofibular ligament can provide a force of 75 newtons to produce a plantarflexion torque, we can use this information to identify the moment arm. However, we need the torque produced by this force to calculate the moment arm accurately.

To identify the torque produced by the anterior talofibular ligament, we multiply the force (75 newtons) by the moment arm. Let's assume the moment arm as 'x' meters.
Torque = Force * Moment arm

Since the torque produced by the anterior talofibular ligament is used to produce plantarflexion (which is the same as the torque produced by the soleus muscle), we can set up an equation:
Torque produced by anterior talofibular ligament = Torque produced by soleus muscle
75 newtons * x meters = 1000 newtons * 0.08 meters

Simplifying the equation, we have:
75x = 80
Dividing both sides by 75, we identify:
x ≈ 1.07 meters

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The frequency f₁ of the string's fundamental mode of vibration is approximately 96 Hz, expressed to three significant figures.

The formula used to determine the frequency of a string's fundamental mode of vibration is given by:

f₁ = (1/2L) √(T/μ)

where:

f₁ is the frequency of the string's fundamental mode of vibration

L is the length of the string

T is the tension in the string

μ is the linear mass density of the string

Given values:

L = 0.600 m

T = 765 N

μ = 0.0075 kg/m

By substituting the values into the formula:

f₁ = (1/2L) √(T/μ)

f₁ = (1/2 × 0.600 m) √(765 N/0.0075 kg/m)

f₁ = (0.300 m) √(102000 N/m²)

f₁ = (0.300 m) (319.155)

f₁ = 95.746 Hz ≈ 96 Hz

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John's displacement is 50 meters, directed towards the southwest.

John starts at the easternmost point on the circular path and walks counterclockwise until he reaches the southernmost point. Since he is walking counterclockwise, his displacement will be directed towards the southwest. The magnitude of his displacement is equal to the radius of the circular path, which is 50 meters. Therefore, John's displacement is 50 meters, directed towards the southwest.

Displacement is a vector quantity that represents the change in position from the initial point to the final point. It includes both the magnitude (distance) and the direction. In this case, John's displacement is determined by the distance he has traveled around the circular path and the direction in which he is walking. Since John is walking counterclockwise, his displacement will be in the opposite direction of the clockwise path.

The magnitude of John's displacement is equal to the radius of the circular path because he starts and ends at points that are on the path. In this scenario, the radius is given as 50 meters, so the magnitude of John's displacement is also 50 meters. It represents the straight-line distance from the initial point (easternmost) to the final point (southernmost).

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The additional power consumption of the car when the sunroof is opened at 120 km/hr can be determined by calculating the difference in drag forces between the closed and open configurations.

The drag force experienced by a moving vehicle is directly influenced by the drag coefficient and frontal area. When the windows and sunroof are closed, the sport car has a drag coefficient of 0.32. However, when the sunroof is opened, the drag coefficient increases to 0.41. The difference in drag coefficients indicates an increase in aerodynamic resistance when the sunroof is opened.

To calculate the additional power consumption, we need to consider the difference in drag forces between the closed and open configurations. The drag force can be determined using the formula: Drag Force = 0.5 * Drag Coefficient * Density of Air * Velocity² * Frontal Area.

By comparing the drag forces calculated for the closed and open configurations at a speed of 120 km/hr, we can determine the additional power required to overcome the increased aerodynamic resistance. This additional power consumption represents the extra energy needed to maintain the same speed with the sunroof open.

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The average acceleration of the racquetball during the collision with the wall is -280 m/s^2.

To find the average acceleration of the racquetball during the collision with the wall, we can use the formula:
Average acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time

Given that the racquetball strikes the wall with an initial speed of 30 m/s and rebounds with a final speed of 16 m/s, and the collision takes 50 ms (or 0.05 s), we can substitute these values into the formula:
Average acceleration = (16 m/s - 30 m/s) / 0.05 s
Simplifying this equation, we get:

Average acceleration = (-14 m/s) / 0.05 s
Dividing -14 m/s by 0.05 s gives us an average acceleration of -280 m/s^2. The negative sign indicates that the acceleration is in the opposite direction of the initial velocity, which means the ball is decelerating during the collision.
Therefore, the average acceleration of the racquetball during the collision with the wall is -280 m/s^2.
The average acceleration of the racquetball during the collision with the wall can be found using the formula:

average acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time. Given that the initial speed is 30 m/s, the final speed is 16 m/s, and the collision takes 50 ms (or 0.05 s), we can substitute these values into the formula. By subtracting the initial velocity from the final velocity and dividing by the time, we find that the average acceleration is -280 m/s^2.

The negative sign indicates that the acceleration is in the opposite direction of the initial velocity, meaning the ball is decelerating during the collision.

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The work done to bring an electron from rest infinitely far away to rest at a distance of 0.042 m from a fixed charge q is 101 eV.

To calculate the work done in bringing the electron from rest infinitely far away to rest at point P, we need to consider the electrostatic potential energy. The work done is equal to the change in potential energy of the electron.

The potential energy of a charged particle in an electric field is given by the formula:

[tex]\[ U = \frac{{k \cdot |q_1 \cdot q_2|}}{{r}} \][/tex]

Where:

- U is the potential energy

- k is the Coulomb's constant[tex](\(8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{Nm}^2/\text{C}^2\))[/tex]

- \(q_1\) and \(q_2\) are the charges involved

- r is the distance between the charges

In this case, the electron is brought from rest, so its initial kinetic energy is zero. Therefore, the work done is equal to the change in potential energy:

[tex]\[ W = \Delta U = U_{\text{final}} - U_{\text{initial}} \][/tex]

Since the electron starts from rest infinitely far away, the initial potential energy is zero. The final potential energy is given by:

[tex]\[ U_{\text{final}} = \frac{{k \cdot |q \cdot (-e)|}}{{0.042}} \][/tex]

Where:

- e is the charge of an electron (-1.6 x 10^-19 C)

- q is the fixed charge

Substituting the values, we get:

[tex]\[ U_{\text{final}} = \frac{{8.99 \times 10^9 \cdot |q \cdot (-1.6 \times 10^{-19})|}}{{0.042}} \][/tex]

To find the work done, we use the conversion factor 1 eV = 1.6 x 10^-19 J:

[tex]\[ W = \frac{{8.99 \times 10^9 \cdot |q \cdot (-1.6 \times 10^{-19})|}}{{0.042}} \times \left(\frac{{1 \, \text{eV}}}{{1.6 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J}}}\right) \times 101 \, \text{eV} \][/tex]

Simplifying the expression, we can calculate the value of work done.

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To calculate the spring constant, follow these three steps: 1) Convert the work done to joules, 2) Determine the displacement in meters, and 3) Use Hooke's Law formula.

To find the spring constant (k) of the ideal spring, we first need to convert the given work (17.0 j) into joules, as work is measured in joules. 1 joule is equal to 1 newton-meter. Thus, 17.0 j of work corresponds to 17.0 Nm (Newton-meters) of energy stored in the spring.

Next, we determine the displacement of the spring in meters. The problem states that the spring is stretched by 5.00 cm from its unstretched length. To convert this to meters, we divide 5.00 cm by 100, resulting in 0.050 m.

Now, using Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is proportional to its displacement, we can calculate the spring constant (k). Hooke's Law can be written as F = -k * x, where F is the force applied to the spring, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.

By rearranging the formula to solve for k, we get k = -F / x. Since the work done on the spring is equal to the energy stored (17.0 Nm), and the force F is equal to the work done divided by the displacement (F = 17.0 Nm / 0.050 m), we can now find the spring constant k.

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The transmission of radiation occurs when incident photons pass through the patient without interacting at all.

Incident photons may be partially absorbed by outer shell electrons or deviated in their path by the nuclear field, but in transmission, the photons pass through the patient without any interaction with the medium they pass through. Thus, option c is the correct answer. Radiation is the energy that travels in the form of waves or high-speed particles through the atmosphere or space. There are different ways that radiation can interact with matter when it passes through it, including transmission, absorption, and scattering. Transmission is when incident photons pass through the patient without interacting with the medium they pass through. In contrast, absorption occurs when some or all of the radiation energy is absorbed by the material it passes through. Scattering occurs when the radiation interacts with the medium, causing it to scatter or change direction. The transmission of radiation is of great importance in medical imaging as it allows the generation of images of the internal structures of the body. For example, X-rays are transmitted through the body, and the amount of radiation transmitted through the different tissues of the body is detected and used to create an image.

In conclusion, the transmission of radiation occurs when incident photons pass through the patient without interacting with the medium they pass through. It is one of the essential processes involved in medical imaging as it allows the generation of images of the internal structures of the body.

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The general solution xt() would have the form of a linear combination of exponential functions. If the solutions move towards a line defined by a vector, the general solution would be a linear combination of exponential functions multiplied by polynomials.

In general, when solving linear homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients, the general solution can be expressed as a linear combination of exponential functions. Each exponential function corresponds to a root of the characteristic equation.

If the solutions move towards a line defined by a vector, it means that the roots of the characteristic equation are all real and equal to a constant value, which corresponds to the slope of the line. In this case, the general solution would include terms of the form e^(rt), where r is the constant root of the characteristic equation.

To form the complete general solution, additional terms in the form of polynomials need to be included. These polynomials account for the presence of the line defined by the vector. The degree of the polynomials depends on the multiplicity of the root in the characteristic equation.

Overall, the general solution xt() in this scenario would have a combination of exponential functions multiplied by polynomials, where the exponential functions account for the movement towards the line defined by the vector, and the polynomials account for the presence of the line itself.

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The resultant force acting on the 0.7-m-high and 0.7-m-wide triangular gate cannot be determined without additional information such as its mass or wind conditions.

To determine the resultant force acting on the triangular gate, we need to consider the individual forces acting on it. In this case, we have the weight of the gate acting vertically downwards and the horizontal force due to any applied pressure or wind.

The weight of the gate can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the gate by the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²). Since we are given the dimensions of the gate but not its mass, we can assume a uniform density and calculate the volume of the gate. The volume can be found by multiplying the base area (0.7 m * 0.7 m) by the height (0.7 m). Assuming a known density, we can then calculate the weight of the gate.

The horizontal force acting on the gate can be determined by considering external factors such as wind pressure. Wind exerts a force on the gate that can be calculated using the formula F = 0.5 * ρ * V² * A, where ρ is the air density, V is the velocity of the wind, and A is the area of the gate. Without specific wind speed or air density given, we cannot calculate this force accurately.

Therefore, to provide a specific resultant force value, we would need additional information about the gate, such as its mass or specific wind conditions. In the absence of such information, the exact resultant force cannot be determined.

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The resultant force acting on the triangular gate will involve both the forces due to fluid pressure and weight, acting at different points of the gate. One would need to calculate the vector sum of these forces, taking into account their magnitudes, directions, and points of application.

To determine the resultant force acting on the triangular gate, we'd consider both the gravitational and the buoyancy forces acting on the gate. Given that the gate is triangular, the pressure acting on it due to fluid (assuming the gate is submerged in a fluid) would change with depth. If we take the hydrostatic pressure distribution into account, the force due to fluid pressure would act at a distance of one-third the height of the gate from its base. This is because the pressure distribution is triangular. Likewise, the gravitational force (or weight of the gate) will act at the centroid of the triangle.

Because these forces act at different points, there would be a torque involved, causing the gate to rotate. Therefore, the actual resultant force would need to account for both the magnitude and direction of these forces, as well as their point of application.

To calculate the resultant force, one would add up the vectors representing these forces. This can be done using the Pythagorean theorem for the magnitudes and trigonometry for the directions if the forces are not aligned. Graphically, this would involve placing the vectors head to tail and then drawing a resultant from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last.

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ΔV12 = -5 V, ΔV23 = 0 V, ΔV34 = 0 V, ΔV41 = 5 V.

The potential differences (ΔV) between the different points in the circuit can be calculated based on the voltage of the battery and the configuration of the circuit. In this case, we have a 5 V battery with metal wires attached to each end.

Starting with ΔV12, we have V2 - V1. Since V2 is the positive terminal of the battery (+5 V) and V1 is the negative terminal (0 V), the potential difference is ΔV12 = 5 V - 0 V = 5 V.

Moving on to ΔV23, we have V3 - V2. However, since V2 is connected directly to the positive terminal of the battery, there is no potential difference between these points. Hence, ΔV23 = 0 V.

Similarly, for ΔV34, we have V4 - V3. As V3 is directly connected to the negative terminal of the battery (0 V), there is no potential difference between V3 and V4. Thus, ΔV34 = 0 V.

Finally, for ΔV41, we have V1 - V4. Since V1 is the negative terminal of the battery (0 V) and V4 is connected directly to the positive terminal (+5 V), the potential difference is ΔV41 = 0 V - 5 V = -5 V.

To summarize, the potential differences in this circuit are ΔV12 = 5 V, ΔV23 = 0 V, ΔV34 = 0 V, and ΔV41 = -5 V.

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The correct answer is option (c) both of these.A wiggle in both space and time is a wave. Let's discuss it in more detail.Wave:A wave is a disturbance that travels through a medium. Waves transport energy without transporting mass. This is the key characteristic of waves.

Wave motion is caused by a disturbance that causes a particle or mass to oscillate about its normal position, generating a disturbance that propagates through space. Sound waves, light waves, radio waves, and water waves are all examples of waves.Vibration:A vibration is a back-and-forth or oscillatory motion of an object or a medium in response to a disturbance. A vibration is the effect of a wave or waves that propagate through a medium. It is a rapid motion or a quick movement of a mass or particle. Vibration occurs when an object is moved back and forth or vibrates. This can be felt as a sensation in the body, and it can be measured with a tool or device. So, both of these terms are related to each other.

Therefore, a wiggle in both space and time is a wave because wave motion is caused by a disturbance that causes a particle or mass to oscillate about its normal position, generating a disturbance that propagates through space. Also, the vibration is the effect of a wave or waves that propagate through a medium. So, the correct option is (c) both of these.

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The force on the 3.7 kg baby due to celestial objects and a nearby machine can be compared.

To calculate the force exerted on the baby by the Moon, we can use Newton's law of universal gravitation. The formula is given as F = (G * m1 * m2) / r^2, where F is the force, G is the gravitational constant (6.67430 × 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2), m1 is the mass of the baby (3.7 kg), m2 is the mass of the Moon (7.35 x 10^22 kg), and r is the distance between the baby and the Moon (384,400 km or 3.844 x 10^8 m). Plugging in the values, we get:

F = (6.67430 × 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2 * 3.7 kg * 7.35 x 10^22 kg) / (3.844 x 10^8 m)^2

Calculating this equation will give us the force exerted on the baby by the Moon.

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After neglacting air resistance, the spring constant of the vertical spring is 3.77 N/m.

To determine the spring constant of the vertical spring, we can use the principle of conservation of energy. At the initial position, the ball is at rest, so its initial kinetic energy is zero.

The only form of energy present is the potential energy stored in the spring, given by the equation PE = (1/2)kx², where PE represents potential energy, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.

When the ball falls through a distance of 0.108 m, it gains kinetic energy, and the potential energy stored in the spring is converted into kinetic energy. At this point, the ball has an instantaneous speed of 1.30 m/s. The kinetic energy of the ball is given by KE = (1/2)mv², where KE represents kinetic energy, m is the mass of the ball, and v is its speed.

Using conservation of energy, we can equate the initial potential energy to the final kinetic energy:

(1/2)kx² = (1/2)mv²

We can rearrange this equation to solve for the spring constant:

k = (mv²) / x²

Plugging in the given values: m = 0.500 kg, v = 1.30 m/s, and x = 0.108 m, we can calculate:

k = (0.500 kg)(1.30 m/s)² / (0.108 m)² = 3.77 N/m

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Reciprocity is defined as the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another.

Reciprocity is the act of giving back when you have received something. Given below are some examples that illustrate the act of reciprocity:

Example 1 - If your neighbor gives you a pie on your birthday, you can reciprocate by inviting your neighbor for dinner at your house.

Example 2 - In a restaurant, if a waiter is very attentive and polite, it is not uncommon to leave a generous tip as a reciprocal gesture.

Example 3 - When your friend allows you to stay at their place, you can show your appreciation by offering to help them with household chores.

Example 4 - When you are provided with a lift to your workplace by your colleague, you can reciprocate by offering to pick them up when needed.

Thus, option C "when a neighbor shovel snow off of a driveway, the other neighbor brings over some homemade soup" best illustrates the act of reciprocity.

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A- The maximum displacement is 1/6 inches.

b) The frequency is 6 cycles per second.

c) The time required for one cycle is 1/6 second.

A- ) Calculation of Maximum Displacement:

the given equation is: d = (1/6)sin(6t)

The coefficient of sin(6t) represents the amplitude, which is the maximum displacement.

b) Calculation of Frequency:

The coefficient inside the argument of the sine function, in this case, is 6t, which represents the angular frequency (ω) of the motion.

The frequency (f) is given by the formula f = ω / (2π).

Substituting the value of ω = 6 into the formula, we have:

f = 6 / (2π)

Simplifying further:

f = 3 / π = 6

c) Calculation of Time for One Cycle:

The time required for one complete cycle is known as the period (T), which is the reciprocal of the frequency.

The frequency is 6 cycles per second, the period is:

T = 1 / 6

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Both Karen and David have a speed of zero after the push-off due to the conservation of momentum.

According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum before and after the push-off should be equal.

Initially, both Karen and David are at rest, so the total momentum before the push-off is zero.

After the push-off, the total momentum should still be zero.Let's denote Karen's mass as m and David's mass as 3m (given that David's mass is three times that of Karen).

If Karen moves with a speed v, the total momentum after the push-off is given by:

(3m) × (0) + m × (-v) = 0

Simplifying the equation:

-mv = 0

Since the mass (m) cannot be zero, the only possible solution is v = 0.

Therefore, Karen's speed is zero after the push-off.

On the other hand, David's mass is three times that of Karen, so his speed after the push-off would also be zero.

In conclusion, both Karen and David's speeds are zero after the push-off.

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