Voluntary audits can provide SMEs with additional assurance, credibility, and guidance, which can be beneficial for their growth, access to capital, and long-term sustainability.
a. Under Section 266 of the Malaysian Companies Act 2016, auditors have duties such as conducting audits, verifying financial statements, reporting irregularities, and ensuring compliance. They have the right to access information, obtain explanations, and examine witnesses for the purpose of the audit.
b. SMEs may voluntarily conduct audits to enhance credibility, transparency, and stakeholder trust. Audits provide insights, improve financial management, and align with best practices. It demonstrates a commitment to good governance, facilitates access to capital, and supports long-term sustainability.
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Mark the following question as true or false, if false explain
why
3. A startup cannot raise capital without a lead investor
4. As discussed in class and in the Venture Deals book, cost and
potential
False. A startup can raise capital without a lead investor. While having a lead investor can provide credibility and attract other investors, it is not a requirement for raising capital.
Startups have various options for raising funds, such as crowdfunding, angel investors, venture capitalists, government grants, loans, and bootstrapping. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the startup's specific circumstances and goals. While a lead investor can play a significant role in providing guidance and connections, it is not the sole determinant of a startup's ability to raise capital.
Incomplete(4) The statement is incomplete and does not provide enough information to determine its truth or falsehood. Without the complete sentence or context, it is unclear what cost and potential are being referred to. It is essential to have complete information or additional context to evaluate the accuracy of the statement.
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You are presented with an investment opportunity that will give you the following stream of cash flows: nothing for the next 10 years; starting at the following year, an amount of $8,000 per year until year 16; and after that year, then an amount of $3,000 per year until year 30. If your required rate of return (APR) is 12% compounded annually, what is the future value at end of year 30 of these cash flows?
The future value at the end of year 30 of these cash flows, given a required rate of return of 12% compounded annually, is approximately $80,175.56.
The present value formula, the PV of the cash flows from year 11 to year 15 is PV = ($8,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($8,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ... + ($8,000 / (1 + 0.12)^5)
PV = ($3,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($3,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ... + ($3,000 / (1 + 0.12)^15)
Calculating the present value of the cash flows, we find:
PV (years 11-15) = $29,088.36
PV (years 16-30) = $12,144.40
Now, to find the future value at the end of year 30, we can add up the present values and apply the future value formula:
FV = PV (years 11-15) + PV (years 16-30) * (1 + 0.12)^15
FV = $29,088.36 + $12,144.40 * (1 + 0.12)^15
Calculating this, we find:
FV = $29,088.36 + $12,144.40 * 4.355 = $80,175.56
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A B C D 1 Preparing a company financial statements 2 3 Selected accounts of ABC at December 31, 2021, follow: 4 5 Insurance expense $500 Accounts payable $22,300 6 $4,200 Accounts receivable $43,600 Note payable, long-term 7 Other assets 8 Building $2,000 Accumulated depreciation-building $24,200 $58,200 Common stock $16,300 9 Prepaid insurance $6,900 $4,800 Accumulated depreciation-equipment $17,700 Cash 10 Salary expense $6,500 11 Salary payable $2,800 Interest payable $400 12 Service revenue $32,700 $73,000 Retained earnings, December 31, 2020 $3,300 Equipment 13 Supplies $23,000 14 Unearned service revenue $1,800 Depreciation expense $25,000 15 16 1. Prepare the company's income statement at December 31, 2021. 17 2. Prepare the company's statement of owner's equity at December 31, 2021. 18 3. Prepare the company's classified balance sheet in report form at December 31, 2021. 19 4. Answer these questions about the company: 20 a. Was the result of operations for the year a profit or a loss? How much? b. How much in total economic resources does the company have as it moves into the new year? c. How much does the company owe to creditors? d. What is the dollar amount of the owner's equity in the business at the end of the year? 2722222 21 23 24 25 26 E
The owner's equity in the company as of December 31, 2021, was $35,800.
A company’s financial statements are an essential tool for monitoring its financial health. The income statement, statement of owner’s equity, and balance sheet are the three financial statements that a company prepares. The following are the four financial statements that we need to prepare:
1. Income statement at December 31, 2021Income statement is a financial statement that reports a company's revenues and expenses over a given period of time, resulting in net income or net loss. Revenues - expenses = Net Income Service Revenue = $32,700
Salary Expense = $6,500Insurance Expense = $500Depreciation Expense = $25,000Net Income = $325002. Statement of Owner's Equity at December 31, 2021The statement of owner's equity reports the changes in a company's owner's equity over a specified period.
Beginning Capital + Net Income - Withdrawals = Ending Capital$3,300 (Retained Earnings, December 31, 2020) + $32,500 (Net Income) - $0 (No Withdrawals) = $35,800 Ending Capital3. Classified Balance Sheet in Report Form at December 31, 2021
The balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. ABC Company's classified balance sheet at December 31, 2021, is as follows:4.
Net Income was $32,500, indicating that the company had a profit.
b. Total assets as of December 31, 2021, were $117,100.
As of December 31, 2021, the company owed creditors a total of $22,300 + $1,800 + $400 = $24,500.
The owner's equity in the company as of December 31, 2021, was $35,800.
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Pattison, a company which sells agricultural equipment, has prepared its draft financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021. It has included the following transactions in revenue at the stated amounts below. Which of these has been correctly included in revenue according to IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers? A Sales proceeds of £18,500 for sales staff motor vehicles which were no longer required by Pattison. B Sales of £400,000 on 30 September 2021. The amount invoiced to and received from the customer was £450,000, which includes £50,000 for ongoing servicing work to be done by Pattison over the next two years. с Sales of £150,000 on 1 October 2021 to an established customer which (with the agreement of Pattison) will be paid in full on 30 September 2022. Pattison has a cost of capital of 12%. D Agency sales of £500,000 on which Pattison is entitled to a commission.
Transaction B has been correctly included in revenue according to IFRS 15. Transactions A, C, and D require further analysis or adjustments to determine the appropriate revenue recognition treatment based on the specific circumstances and contractual terms.
A) Sales proceeds of £18,500 for sales staff motor vehicles which were no longer required by Pattison.
This transaction does not represent revenue from a contract with a customer. It is the sale of assets and should be recorded as a gain or loss on the disposal of assets, not as revenue.
B) Sales of £400,000 on 30 September 2021. The amount invoiced to and received from the customer was £450,000, which includes £50,000 for ongoing servicing work to be done by Pattison over the next two years.
In this case, the revenue should be recognized for the amount that corresponds to the goods or services that have been transferred to the customer. As £400,000 represents the consideration for the goods sold, it should be recognized as revenue. The £50,000 for the ongoing servicing work should be recognized as deferred revenue and recognized over the two-year service period.
C) Sales of £150,000 on 1 October 2021 to an established customer which (with the agreement of Pattison) will be paid in full on 30 September 2022. Pattison has a cost of capital of 12%.
According to IFRS 15, revenue should generally be recognized when control of goods or services is transferred to the customer. In this case, as the payment is deferred until 30 September 2022, revenue recognition would typically be delayed until that date. However, if there is evidence to suggest that the customer will make the payment and Pattison does not have significant uncertainties related to collecting the payment, revenue could be recognized earlier.
D) Agency sales of £500,000 on which Pattison is entitled to a commission.
The commission earned by Pattison on agency sales can be recognized as revenue when the criteria for recognizing revenue under IFRS 15 are met. This would typically be when the control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer.
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Dr. Ludwig von Drake is at it again! After many years of research, Dr. von Drake has finally solved one of physics’ greatest mysteries. Dr. von Drake has discovered the grand unified theory. As a result of the discovery, Dr. von Drake is able to design an efficient engine that has the capability of revolutionizing transport. Dr. von Drake is looking to protect the discovery and files a patent to protect the discovery of the unified theory as well as the new engine. What is the likely result?
The likely result of Dr. Ludwig von Drake's discovery of the grand unified theory and filing of a patent to protect it, as well as the new engine, is that he would have exclusive rights to the use, manufacture, and sale of the engine.
What is a patent?
A patent is a legal right given to the inventor of a novel and useful invention to exclude others from making, using, and selling the invention without the permission of the inventor. It is a form of intellectual property right granted by the government to the inventor. Therefore, after filing the patent, Dr. Ludwig von Drake will have the exclusive right to use, manufacture, and sell the new engine, preventing others from using it without his permission. This right gives the inventor an opportunity to benefit from the invention and protect it from infringement.
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An engineering student decides to accumulate $500,000 by her sixty-fifth birthday. She ex- pects to start by investing a certain amount, C, on her twenty-third birthday and then increase the payment by 10 percent each year. She feels she can safely invest her funds at 12 percent compounded. (a) How much should her initial investment, C, be? (b) n for this problem is years. B
the initial investment amount, C, should be approximately $33,416.73.
(b) "n" in this problem refers to the number of years, which is 42.
To determine the initial investment amount, C, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity:
[tex]FV = C * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r[/tex]
Where:
FV is the desired future value ($500,000),
r is the interest rate (12% or 0.12),
n is the number of years (65 - 23 = 42).
(a) Plugging these values into the formula, we can solve for C:
$500,000 = C * [(1 + 0.12)^42 - 1] / 0.12
Simplifying the equation:
$500,000 = C * [14.9738232]
Dividing both sides by 14.9738232:
C = $500,000 / 14.9738232
Therefore, the initial investment amount, C, should be approximately $33,416.73.
(b) "n" in this problem refers to the number of years, which is 42.
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two economies are identical, except that the level of capital per worker is higher in highland than in lowland. investment in lowland must be:
If two economies are identical, except that the level of capital per worker is higher in Highland than in Lowland, then the investment in Lowland must be increased.
This is because increasing the level of capital per worker in Lowland will help to increase productivity and output, which will then lead to economic growth and development.To increase the level of capital per worker in Lowland, the government can provide incentives to businesses and individuals to invest in the region. This can be done through tax breaks, subsidies, and other financial incentives that encourage businesses and individuals to invest in the region.
Additionally, the government can invest in infrastructure development, such as building roads, bridges, and other transportation links that make it easier for businesses and individuals to access the region.
Investment in human capital is also important. This can be done through education and training programs that help to improve the skills and knowledge of workers in the region. By investing in human capital, businesses and individuals will be better equipped to take advantage of the opportunities that come with increased investment in the region.
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Given a data file as below. B с D 1 SCORE MAJOR GENDER TEACHER 2 F Smith 3 M Smith 4 F Smith 5 M Pan 6 F Pan. 7 M Pan 8 M Pan 9 F Green 10 M Green 11 F Smith 12 M Pan 13 F Smith 14 15 16 MAJOR MIS 17 GENDER 18 TEACHER Smith 19 Minimum Score: 20 Average Score (a) Use XLOOKUP to find the minimum score in Smith class. The formula is to be entered into C19 as below: (b) Use XLOOKUP to find the average score in Smith class. The formula is to be entered into C20 as below: 50 MIS 49 ACCT 68 MOM 75 MOM 90 ACCT 94 ACCT 93 MIS 91 MIS 80 MIS 82 ACCT 64 MOM 98 MOM
a) To use XLOOKUP to find the minimum score in Smith class, the formula to be entered into cell C19 would be:=MIN(XLOOKUP("Smith",B2:B13,D2:D13,"",0))This formula will search for the value "Smith" in the range B2:B13 (which contains the "MAJOR" column), and then return the corresponding values in the range D2:D13
a) To use XLOOKUP to find the minimum score in Smith class, the formula to be entered into cell C19 would be:=MIN(XLOOKUP("Smith",B2:B13,D2:D13,"",0))This formula will search for the value "Smith" in the range B2:B13 (which contains the "MAJOR" column), and then return the corresponding values in the range D2:D13 (which contains the "SCORE" column). The "" in the formula tells Excel that we want an exact match. The 0 at the end of the formula is an optional argument that specifies what to do if there is no match. In this case, we want the formula to return 0 if there is no match.b) To use XLOOKUP to find the average score in Smith class, the formula to be entered into cell C20 would be:=AVERAGE(XLOOKUP("Smith",B2:B13,D2:D13,"",0))This formula will search for the value "Smith" in the range B2:B13 (which contains the "MAJOR" column), and then return the corresponding values in the range D2:D13 (which contains the "SCORE" column). The "" in the formula tells Excel that we want an exact match. The 0 at the end of the formula is an optional argument that specifies what to do if there is no match. In this case, we want the formula to return 0 if there is no match. Finally, the AVERAGE function is used to calculate the average of the values returned by XLOOKUP. The resulting formula will give us the average score for Smith's class.
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The MAD method 1 = ??? thousand gallons... 2. The absolute deviatin based on the forecast developed using Method 1 adds to ??? thousand gallons. Mean squared error (MSE) is the average of (actual-Forecast). from the information given in method 1 , the value of n=4. the value E(autal-forecast) will be??? thousand gallons.
The absolute deviation based on the forecast developed using Method 1 adds to 7 thousand gallons.
1. The MAD method 1 = 5 thousand gallons
The MAD method 1 = 5 thousand gallons is given.
The formula for MAD or Mean Absolute Deviation is:
MAD = (|D1|+|D2|+|D3|+...+|Dn|)/n
where, D = Actual Demand - Forecast
MAD = (|D1|+|D2|+|D3|+...+|Dn|)/n
MAD = (|9-10| + |6-7| + |5-3| + |8-5|) / 4
MAD = (1+1+2+3) / 4
MAD = 7/4
MAD = 1.75
From the table, MAD = 5, thus we can conclude that the answer is 5 thousand gallons.
2. The absolute deviation based on the forecast developed using Method 1 adds to 7 thousand gallons.
The formula for Absolute Deviation is:
Absolute Deviation = |Actual Value - Predicted Value|
Here, n = 4
|Actual Demand - Forecast|
|9-10| = 1
|6-7| = 1
|5-3| = 2
|8-5| = 3
Absolute deviation based on the forecast developed using Method 1
= |1|+|1|+|2|+|3|
= 7 thousand gallons.
3. The value of E(actual-forecast) will be 0 thousand gallons.
The Mean Squared Error (MSE) formula is:
MSE = [(Actual Value - Forecast Value)²/n]
Here, n = 4.
Using method 1, n = 4.
Forecast = (10+7+3+5)/4 = 25/4
Now, we can compute the MSE:
MSE = [(Actual Value - Forecast Value)²/n]
= [(9-25/4)² + (6-25/4)² + (5-25/4)² + (8-25/4)²]/4
= 11.6875
Now, calculating the value of E(actual-forecast), we have:
E(actual-forecast) = (Σ(actual-forecast))/n
= (9-2.5) + (6-2.5) + (5-2.5) + (8-2.5))/4
= 0 thousand gallons.
Thus, the answer is 0 thousand gallons.
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If the probability
of selling the next seat on the fare class B is 40% and its fare is
$200, what is the EMSR of the next seat?
$200
80%
$80
$120
The EMSR (Expected Marginal Seat Revenue) of the next seat can be calculated based on the probability of selling the seat and its corresponding fare. In this case, the fare class B has a probability of 40% of being sold, and its fare is $200. Therefore, the EMSR of the next seat is $80.
The EMSR is determined by multiplying the probability of selling the seat by its fare. In this scenario, the probability of selling the next seat on fare class B is 40% (0.40), and its fare is $200. Thus, the EMSR can be calculated as follows:
EMSR = Probability of Selling x Fare
EMSR = 0.40 x $200
EMSR = $80
Therefore, the EMSR of the next seat is $80. This indicates the expected revenue that can be generated from selling the seat, taking into account the probability of its sale and the fare associated with it.
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Global supply chain issues have dominated international trade as of late. In particular, the United States has significant supply chains with Europe and China which have seen considerable supply disruption and other political and economic issues. - Describe supply chain risks with suppliers in Europe and China. - Why do we need to carefully manage these supply chain risks? To fully elaborate your answer, use an example from either the semiconductor industry or a raw- materials industry.
Supply chain risks with suppliers in Europe and China; The global pandemic has increased the supply chain risks with suppliers in Europe and China. The supply disruption has caused a massive impact on businesses in the US as the US is heavily dependent on the European and Chinese supply chains. The supply chain risks have led to an increase in product prices, late deliveries, and low quality of products. Supply chain risks with European suppliers: The European Union has implemented stringent laws and regulations on carbon emissions, data privacy, and worker's rights. These laws have created risks for US businesses working with European suppliers. Failure to comply with the EU laws and regulations can result in legal consequences and fines.
For example, a US-based clothing company that outsources production to a European supplier must comply with the EU's chemical regulations regarding the clothing dyes used. Failure to comply with these regulations may lead to the clothing company being barred from selling its products in Europe.Supply chain risks with Chinese suppliers:China's political and economic issues pose a significant risk for US businesses working with Chinese suppliers. The Chinese government can impose arbitrary rules and regulations that can impact the US businesses' operations.
The semiconductor companies that were prepared for the disaster were able to recover quickly, while others who were not prepared suffered severe consequences. Therefore, it is vital to manage supply chain risks by developing contingency plans, working with multiple suppliers, and monitoring suppliers' compliance with regulations.
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Discuss how purchasing function can lead to competitive strategy in procurement management environment and with hypothetical organisation in mind, develop a strategic sourcing plan
please include references
In conclusion, by incorporating the purchasing function into the organization's overall strategy and planning, developing a comprehensive strategic sourcing plan, and implementing best practices for procurement management, an organization can achieve a competitive advantage in its industry.
Purchasing function is a key part of procurement management. The purchasing function must also be included in the organization's overall strategy and planning for competitive success. The strategic sourcing plan can be designed and implemented to help achieve the competitive advantage that an organization is seeking. A strategic sourcing plan is an approach to procurement management that is focused on the long-term benefits of strategic sourcing.The purchasing function is critical to a company's success, as it can have a significant impact on its competitive position. By developing a comprehensive strategic sourcing plan, an organization can streamline its purchasing processes, reduce costs, and achieve a competitive advantage in its industry. To develop a strategic sourcing plan, an organization must first analyze its purchasing processes to identify areas of inefficiency, bottlenecks, and opportunities for improvement. This analysis should include an evaluation of the organization's current purchasing practices, the suppliers it uses, and the products and services it purchases. Once the analysis is complete, the organization can begin developing a strategic sourcing plan that aligns with its overall business goals. The strategic sourcing plan should include a detailed roadmap for achieving the organization's procurement management objectives, including a timeline for implementation, metrics for measuring success, and a clear definition of roles and responsibilities. References: Procurement & Supply Chain Management, by Robert M. Monczka, Robert B. Handfield, Larry C. Giunipero, and James L. Patterson.
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Now you are applying for a management position. You have heard
that the hiring committee has a favorite question: "What are your
five guiding principles for organizational management?"
It implies that we will never stop learning and improving our processes, procedures, and products. I will encourage my team to embrace this principle so that we can stay relevant and meet our customers' needs and expectations.
If I were applying for a management position and I heard that the hiring committee has a favorite question,
here is my answer :As a management candidate, here are my five guiding principles for organizational management:
1. Transparency: Transparency is an important principle of organizational management. It implies that the organization's operations and procedures should be open to scrutiny. This principle will enable my team and me to build trust among our staff and establish a culture of transparency.
2. Accountability: Accountability is another essential principle that I will apply as a manager. It means that we are responsible for our actions and decisions, and we must take ownership of the outcomes. In this way, we will create an environment of responsibility and commitment.
3. Communication: Communication is an integral aspect of management, and it plays a crucial role in an organization's success. As a manager, I will promote open communication channels and make sure that everyone is aware of the organization's goals, values, and mission.
4. Flexibility: Organizations need to adapt to changes and respond to dynamic markets, so I will ensure that my team is flexible enough to respond to any situation. In this way, we will have a competitive edge and stay ahead of our competitors.
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Which of these is not a desirable attribute of a simulation model? a. Simplification (ie, simulation model is simpler than the real-world phenomenon). b. Abstraction (simulation model incorporates fewer features than the real world phenomenon), c. Complexity (i.e., simulation model is more complex than the real-world phenomenon) d. Correspondence (with real-world phenomenon being modeled).
The not desirable attribute of a simulation model is Complexity (i.e., the simulation model is more complex than the real-world phenomenon).
A simulation model is a digital replication of a real-life phenomenon, system, or procedure. It is a software program that performs experiments on a model by using data collected from the actual system or process. The simulation model's primary goal is to provide information on the system or process's performance without having to build or modify it. It can analyze the performance of a process, system, or situation over time by providing data on what happens under various conditions and circumstances.
Hence, simulation modeling is a significant and necessary tool in business, engineering, or other fields, particularly when a system's expense or risk is high. It is used to assist decision-makers in understanding the possible consequences of the decisions they make. So, Complexity (i.e., simulation model is more complex than the real-world phenomenon) is not a desirable attribute of a simulation model.
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Ultimate Butter Popcorn issues 6%, 15-year bonds with a face amount of $42,000. The market interest rate for bonds of similar risk and maturity is 5%. Interest is paid semiannually.
At what price will the bonds issue? (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, and PVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Do not round interest rate factors. Round "Market interest rate" to 1 decimal place.)
So, the price at which the bonds will be issued is $4,271,172.98.
We can use the PV function in Excel to calculate the price of the bonds:
=PV(FV, r, n)
here:
FV is the future value of the investment
r is the interest rate
n is the number of periods
In this case, the FV is $42,000, the r is 5% (which rounds to 0.05), and the n is 15 (since the bond is for 15 years).
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
=PV(42000, 0.05, 15)
=42000*PV(42000, 0.05, 15)
=42000*PV(42000*((1+0.05)^(1/15)-1), 0.05, 15)
=42000*PV(103127.54, 0.05, 15)
=42000*103127.54
=4,271,172.98
Therefore, the price at which the bonds will be issued is $4,271,172.98.
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If the price of tables falls from $145 to $140, and this increases the sales of chairs by 650 units per month, we can say that tables and chairs are A. inferior goods. B. unrelated goods. C. complemen
If the price of tables falls from $145 to $140, and this increases the sales of chairs by 650 units per month, we can say that tables and chairs are complements. The correct answer is C) complements.
Complementary goods are the goods that are consumed together. If the price of one of the goods goes down, it increases the demand for the other good. For example, If the price of sugar decreases, the demand for tea will increase.
Therefore, sugar and tea are complementary goods. Now, let's move to the given question, The price of tables falls from $145 to $140, and this increases the sales of chairs by 650 units per month, we can say that tables and chairs are complements. Therefore, option C is correct.
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Use the NPV method to determine whether Rouse Products should invest in the following projects: Project A costs $280,000 and offers seven annual net cash inflows of $58,000. Rouse Products require
Rouse Products should invest in Project A as its net present value (NPV) is positive.
The Net Present Value (NPV) is a capital budgeting technique used to assess the profitability of an investment by examining the expected future cash flows in today's dollars. If the NPV is greater than zero, the project is feasible, and the investment should be made. On the other hand, if the NPV is negative, the project should be rejected because it will result in a loss. The NPV method can be used to assess whether Rouse Products should invest in Project A. Project A costs $280,000 and provides seven annual net cash inflows of $58,000. The formula for calculating NPV is:
NPV = (- Initial Investment + Present Value of Future Cash Flows).
We will calculate NPV as follows:
NPV = (-280,000 + (58,000/((1+10%)^1)) + (58,000/((1+10%)^2)) + (58,000/((1+10%)^3)) + (58,000/((1+10%)^4)) + (58,000/((1+10%)^5)) + (58,000/((1+10%)^6)) + (58,000/((1+10%)^7)))NPV
NPV = $87,778.
Thus, since the NPV is positive, Rouse Products should invest in Project A.
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Answer the following questions: (10 MARKS-S2) 1- Suppose that a store increases the price of peanut butter from $3.7 to $4.3. As a result, quantity demanded decreases from 270 to 190. (2.5 MARKS-S2) Using the mid-point elasticity approach, calculate price elasticity of demand. 2- Suppose that when income increases from $2650 to $3250 quantity demanded changes from 220 to 260. (2.5 MARKS-S2) Using the mid-point elasticity approach, calculate income elasticity.
To calculate the price elasticity of demand using the mid-point elasticity approach, we use the formula:
Elasticity = [(Q2 - Q1) / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)] / [(P2 - P1) / ((P1 + P2) / 2)]
Given that the initial price (P1) is $3.7, the final price (P2) is $4.3, the initial quantity demanded (Q1) is 270, and the final quantity demanded (Q2) is 190, we can calculate the price elasticity as follows:
Elasticity = [(190 - 270) / ((270 + 190) / 2)] / [(4.3 - 3.7) / ((3.7 + 4.3) / 2)]
Elasticity = [-80 / (460 / 2)] / [0.6 / (8 / 2)]
Elasticity = [-80 / 230] / [0.6 / 4]
Elasticity = -0.3487
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for peanut butter is approximately -0.3487. This means that a 1% increase in price will lead to a 0.3487% decrease in quantity demanded.
To calculate the income elasticity of demand using the mid-point elasticity approach, we apply the same formula:
Elasticity = [(Q2 - Q1) / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)] / [(Y2 - Y1) / ((Y1 + Y2) / 2)]
Given that the initial income (Y1) is $2650, the final income (Y2) is $3250, the initial quantity demanded (Q1) is 220, and the final quantity demanded (Q2) is 260, we can calculate the income elasticity as follows:
Elasticity = [(260 - 220) / ((220 + 260) / 2)] / [(3250 - 2650) / ((2650 + 3250) / 2)]
Elasticity = [40 / (480 / 2)] / [600 / (5900 / 2)]
Elasticity = [40 / 240] / [600 / 2950]
Elasticity = 0.3267
Therefore, the income elasticity of demand is approximately 0.3267. This implies that a 1% increase in income will lead to a 0.3267% increase in quantity demanded.
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An investor is considering investing in the following two shares: Beta Fortress PLC 1.4 Castle PLC 0.5
(a) If the return on Treasury Bills is 5% and the market risk premium is 10%, what is the expected return of a portfolio made up of 40% Fortress shares and 60% Castle shares?
(b) Explain Beta in the context of the CAPM and explain what the Betas for Fortress and Castle shares imply about those shares.
(c) Shares in Empire PLC have a Beta of 0.9 and are estimated to have an expected return of 16%. Given the information in part (a), are Empire shares correctly priced according to the CAPM? Explain your answer and explain what is likely to happen to the shares in Empire PLC.
(d) Explain what (i) the market risk premium and (ii) the risk-free rate of return in the CAPM represent. Explain why it is difficult to empirically test the CAPM.
(a) Expected return of a portfolio made up of 40% Fortress shares and 60% Castle shares can be calculated as follows:
Expected return = (Weight of Fortress x Beta of Fortress x Market risk premium) + (Weight of Castle x Beta of Castle x Market risk premium) + Risk-free rate= (0.4 x 1.4 x 10%) + (0.6 x 0.5 x 10%) + 5%= 5.64%+ 3%= 8.64%.Therefore, the expected return of the portfolio would be 8.64%.(b) Beta in the context of the CAPM: Beta is a statistical measure that represents how volatile an asset is in relation to the market as a whole. It is used in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to determine the expected return on an asset. The Beta for Fortress and Castle shares implies that if the market risk premium increases by 1%, Fortress shares are expected to increase by 1.4% and Castle shares by 0.5%. A high Beta indicates higher risk and higher potential return.(c) Calculation of the required return:Required return = Risk-free rate + Beta x Market risk premium= 5% + (0.9 x 10%)= 5% + 9%= 14%.Empire shares are not correctly priced according to the CAPM because their expected return is 16%, but their required return is only 14%. According to CAPM, the stock price of Empire PLC will fall to bring its expected return in line with its required return.(d) Market risk premium and risk-free rate:Market risk premium is the additional return expected by investors for taking on the risk of investing in the stock market. Risk-free rate is the rate of return that an investor can earn by investing in a risk-free asset such as treasury bills. It is difficult to empirically test the CAPM because it is based on certain assumptions that may not always hold true. For example, CAPM assumes that investors have perfect information, which is not the case in the real world. Additionally, CAPM assumes that all investors have the same expectations and preferences, which is not always the case.
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According to your textbook, as health systems are examined globally... these systems do not exist in "silos" or in a "vacuum." In 2015, world leaders from 193 countries came together at the United Nations to adopt a new agenda that strives to promote well-being...to protect our globe and to end poverty. Here is your assignment: After you have completed this week's readings...please write an evidence-based commentary that covers the economic, political and/or social implications of global health and disease.
According to the textbook, the examination of health systems globally reveals that these systems are not isolated from one another or exist in a vacuum. In 2015, leaders from 193 countries across the world gathered at the United Nations to adopt a new agenda that aims to promote well-being, safeguard the planet, and eliminate poverty.
Global health and disease have major economic, political, and social implications. Firstly, global health and disease are critical factors in the global economy. Disease outbreaks have significant economic consequences since they disrupt markets, increase healthcare spending, and reduce workforce productivity. Poor health can also limit economic growth and development, as it has been demonstrated to impede economic activity and prevent people from participating fully in the labor market.Secondly, global health is linked to political instability, as disease and illness can lead to economic and social disparities and reinforce existing inequalities. The worldwide distribution of health and disease frequently contributes to the global disparities that exist today, especially between low- and high-income countries. Thus, health systems must be established that enable all individuals to access quality care, regardless of their financial status, ethnicity, or social position.Finally, global health and disease have significant social implications. Infectious diseases disproportionately impact those who are socially marginalized, exacerbating existing health and social disparities. People living in poverty, for example, are more vulnerable to illness due to their living and working conditions, while women and children are frequently the most severely affected by poor health outcomes. Health care policy must address these disparities by promoting health equity and social justice.In conclusion, global health and disease have far-reaching implications for the global economy, politics, and society. To achieve sustainable development goals, health policies must promote health equity and social justice, as well as ensure that all individuals have access to quality healthcare.
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You and your close friend have decided to open a skateboard
graffiti business. Your friend thinks the marketing plan will be
advertising and selling. Do you agree and why?
Yes, advertising and selling are excellent marketing plans for opening a skateboard graffiti business.
If you and your close friend have decided to open a skateboard graffiti business, then advertising and selling will be excellent marketing plans.
Advertising: As a startup, it is important to make your brand known to the market. A good advertisement will draw the attention of the target market towards your brand. Hence, advertising is an excellent marketing plan for a skateboard graffiti business.
Selling: Selling is another excellent marketing plan for opening a skateboard graffiti business. You have to make your products available to the target audience. Your product is not going to sell if it is not available in the market. Hence, you have to sell your products through different channels to reach your target audience.
Furthermore, a good marketing plan will help in increasing your sales, brand recognition, and customer loyalty. These are some of the reasons why advertising and selling are excellent marketing plans for opening a skateboard graffiti business.
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What is the controllability principle? Why is it important for
designing performance measures?
The controllability principle is a concept in management accounting that suggests that performance measures should only consider factors that managers can control or influence directly.
It emphasizes the importance of designing performance measures that accurately reflect a manager's ability to affect outcomes and make decisions.
The principle recognizes that managers should be held accountable only for those aspects of performance that are within their control. By excluding uncontrollable factors, such as changes in the external environment or the actions of other individuals, the controllability principle helps ensure that performance measures are fair and realistic.
Designing performance measures based on the controllability principle provides several benefits. First, it allows managers to focus on areas where they can have the greatest impact, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility. Second, it promotes motivation and performance improvement by providing meaningful targets that managers can actively work towards. Lastly, it facilitates performance evaluation and comparison across different units or individuals by eliminating the influence of external factors that are beyond their control.
Overall, the controllability principle helps in creating performance measures that are meaningful, fair, and supportive of effective decision-making and performance management.
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The standard time for producing one unit of work in a job paying $15.00 per hour was set at 20 minutes. The piece rate would be per unit. $4.00 O $3.00 O $7.50 O $5.00
The piece rate would be $5.00 per unit. Solution: Given data are as follows: The standard time for producing one unit of work in a job paying $15.00 per hour was set at 20 minutes. Now, we have to find the piece rate per unit. In order to find the piece rate per unit.
We have to use the formula given below: Piece rate = (Time taken to produce one unit x Hourly rate) / Units produced Piece rate = (20/60 x 15) / 1 = $5.00 per unit Therefore, the piece rate would be $5.00 per unit. The Solow growth model assumes that the economy's output, Y, depends on physical capital, K, and the level of "human capital" as determined by the aggregate level of labour force in the economy.
It is given that the production function of the economy is Y = F(K,LE) = K1/2(LE)1/2. Also, the rate of depreciation is 6%, the rate of population growth is 2%, the rate of labor efficiency growth is 2%, and the saving rate is 60% (s = 0.6).1. Graphical illustration of the steady-state: In a Solow model, the steady-state level of capital is the value of K at which depreciation balances with investment. The steady-state level of capital is obtained by setting delta multiplied by K equal to s multiplied by F(K, LE) minus (delta + n + g) multiplied by K.K is on the x-axis, and Y is on the y-axis, as shown in the figure below.
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A firm requires an investment of $60,000 and borrows $40,000 at 7%. If the return on equity is 14% and the tax rate is 25%, what is the firm's WACC? A. 16.33% B. 8.17% C. 6.53% OD. 9.8%
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is a weighted average of the cost of equity and the cost of debt that is calculated based on the proportion of each capital component in a company's overall capital structure. WACC provides a business with a clear picture of how much it costs to fund its assets.
WACC formula is WACC = wdebt x kdebt x (1-t) + wequity x kequityHere, the amount of the required investment = $60,000The amount of borrowed money = $40,000The return on equity = 14%The tax rate = 25%Let's first calculate the cost of debt:cost of debt = 7% (since it is given in the problem)cost of equity = return on equity = 14%Next, let us find the proportion of each capital component in a company's overall capital structure.
wequity = Equity / Total assets = (Equity + Debt) / Total assets - (40,000 / 100,000) = 0.4wdebt = Debt / Total assets = (Equity + Debt) / Total assets - (60,000 / 100,000) = 0.6Now that we have all the values, we can plug them into the formula to find WACC:WACC = wdebt x kdebt x (1-t) + w equity x k equity.
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A junior portfolio manager has been asked to establish a fund that will be worth $175 million in four years' time. Her supervisor has suggested to her that an appropriate investment would be 5-year 15% coupon bonds at a yield of 7.6% pa. Although the junior manager has some knowledge of bonds, she does not understand the reason for this suggestion. Why suggest a 5-year bond maturity when the money is really needed in 4 years?
(a) Explain the reason to the junior manager in simple terms.
(b) How much should she invest to establish the fund? What annual coupon interest will this investment produce? If the par value of one bond is $10 million, how many actual bonds should be bought?
(c) Immediately after the fund is established, yields increase by 100 basis points. Show that, if no further yield shifts occur, the fund will still achieve its original target in four years’ time.
The reason for suggesting a 5-year bond maturity when the money is needed in 4 years is to ensure that the fund's value is protected and that it has enough time to grow.
By investing in a bond with a longer maturity, the portfolio manager can take advantage of higher coupon payments and potentially higher returns compared to shorter-term bonds. The 5-year bond will provide a steady stream of coupon interest payments over the investment period, which can contribute to the growth of the fund.
(b) To establish the fund worth $175 million in four years' time, the junior manager needs to calculate the amount she should invest. We can use the present value formula to determine the investment amount:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Yield)^n
Where:
Future Value = $175 million
Yield = 7.6% per annum
n = 4 years
Present Value = $175 million / (1 + 0.076)^4
Present Value = $134,067,457.96
Therefore, the junior manager should invest approximately $134,067,457.96 to establish the fund.
To calculate the annual coupon interest, we can multiply the investment amount by the coupon rate:
Annual Coupon Interest = Investment Amount * Coupon Rate
Assuming the coupon rate is 15% per annum:
Annual Coupon Interest = $134,067,457.96 * 0.15
Annual Coupon Interest = $20,110,118.79
To determine the number of actual bonds that should be bought, we divide the investment amount by the par value of one bond:
Number of Bonds = Investment Amount / Par Value of One Bond
Number of Bonds = $134,067,457.96 / $10 million
Number of Bonds = 13.4067
Since we cannot buy a fraction of a bond, the junior manager should buy 14 bonds.
(c) If the yields increase by 100 basis points (1%), the bond prices will decrease. However, as the fund has a 4-year investment horizon, the bonds will still have sufficient time to recover their value before maturity. The bond prices may fluctuate in the interim due to the yield increase, but as long as the bonds are held until maturity, they will still provide the original target value of $175 million in four years' time. The impact of yield changes on bond prices is more relevant for investors who plan to sell their bonds before maturity.
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30. Then anticipated imbalance in the age distribution of the future labor force means that: a. there will be greater competition for advancement opportunities. b. there will be more workers available to support retirement benefits. c. there will be more career opportunities for the middle-aged employee. d. retraining workers will not be as important as it is today. 31. According to recent survey, all of the following are business-related reasons for managing diversity except: a. better utilization of talent b. enhanced creativity c. increased quality of team problem solving d. lower turnover and absenteeism.
30. Anticipated imbalance in the age distribution of the future labor force means that there will be greater competition for advancement opportunities.
This means that since there will be more people retiring in the near future, there will be more opportunities available for advancement. Hence, there will be a higher competition for these opportunities. To avoid any problems, it is important to make sure that the right strategies are in place to deal with these issues.31. According to recent survey, all of the following are business-related reasons for managing diversity except lower turnover and absenteeism. There are many reasons why businesses are interested in managing diversity.
One of the main reasons is to better utilize talent. This is because having a diverse workforce allows a company to have more talent to draw upon. Another reason is that it enhances creativity. This is because diversity allows people to think in different ways and come up with new ideas.
Finally, it also increases the quality of team problem solving. When teams are made up of diverse people, they can look at problems from different angles and come up with more effective solutions.
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Can
you propose a policy that would induce the market to supply more
rental housing units?
One policy that could be implemented to induce the market to supply more rental housing units is the introduction of financial incentives for developers and landlords.
Here's a proposal for such a policy:
1. Tax Incentives: Provide tax incentives for developers and landlords who invest in rental housing projects. This can include tax credits or exemptions on property taxes, income taxes, or capital gains taxes. These incentives would reduce the financial burden and increase the return on investment for developers and landlords, making rental housing projects more attractive.
2. Subsidized Loans: Offer low-interest or subsidized loans specifically for rental housing development. These loans could be provided by government agencies or financial institutions in collaboration with the government. By reducing the cost of borrowing, developers would have increased access to capital for construction or renovation of rental housing units.
3. Regulatory Streamlining: Simplify and streamline the regulatory processes and approvals required for rental housing construction. Excessive bureaucratic red tape can discourage developers from entering the market or delay project completion. By minimizing regulatory barriers and speeding up the approval process, developers would be more inclined to invest in rental housing projects.
4. Public-Private Partnerships: Foster partnerships between the public and private sectors to promote the construction of rental housing units. This could involve joint ventures or collaborations between government agencies, developers, and investors. By leveraging the expertise and resources of both sectors, more rental housing units can be built efficiently.
5. Land Use Policies: Encourage or mandate the allocation of land specifically for rental housing development. Local governments can implement zoning policies that designate certain areas for rental housing projects, ensuring a sufficient supply of land for construction. Additionally, incentivize the conversion of existing properties into rental units, such as repurposing vacant commercial buildings or underutilized residential properties.
6. Tenant Protection Measures: Implement policies to provide stability and security for tenants, such as rent control or long-term lease agreements. These measures
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Create a feasibility report on entering the real estate and
hospitality industry as a hybrid B2B business, providing software
and services as business solutions.
A feasibility report on entering the real estate and hospitality industry as a hybrid B2B business, providing software and services as business solutions includes an analysis of the business's chances of success. This report highlights the business's strengths and weaknesses and outlines strategies for dealing with potential issues and concerns.
This report serves as a decision-making tool for investors and entrepreneurs.A business plan should be developed after conducting a feasibility study. A business plan outlines the company's goals, target market, competition, marketing strategy, management team, financial projections, and other relevant information.
The following are the steps to follow when conducting a feasibility study:Identify the problem or opportunity: This involves identifying the business's goals, the target market, and the industry's competition. Conduct a market analysis: This is an essential step in a feasibility study.
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1. To what extent is the case of Xiaogang Village in China relevant to India (any village)?
2. Equally important, to what extent is it not relevant to the local conditions of India?
3. What is your strategy (or policy recommendations) to close (or narrow) the gap between theory and practice?
The case of Xiaogang Village in China can be relevant to India, or any village in India, to some extent. It showcases a successful example of grassroots economic reform and innovation in an agricultural community, which can inspire and provide insights for similar efforts in India. The approach taken by Xiaogang Village to introduce land reforms and encourage individual farming initiatives led to increased productivity and improved living standards, which could potentially be applicable in the Indian context as well.
However, it is important to recognize that the local conditions and challenges in India may differ significantly from those in Xiaogang Village. India has a complex socio-economic landscape, diverse agricultural practices, and varying levels of government intervention. Factors such as land ownership patterns, caste system, infrastructure, and access to resources can significantly influence the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing similar reforms. Therefore, while there may be valuable lessons to learn from the Xiaogang Village case, it is crucial to carefully assess and adapt the strategies to suit the specific local conditions in India.To close or narrow the gap between theory and practice, a comprehensive approach is needed. This includes:
Conducting thorough research and analysis to understand the local context and challenges accurately.Engaging with local stakeholders, including farmers, community leaders, and policymakers, to ensure their active participation and ownership of the reform initiatives.Designing tailored policies and strategies that consider the unique characteristics and needs of different regions in India.Implementing effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to assess the impact of the reforms and make necessary adjustments.Fostering collaboration between academic institutions, research organizations, and government agencies to bridge the gap between theory and practice and facilitate knowledge exchange. By adopting a context-specific and participatory approach, policymakers can enhance the relevance and effectiveness of their strategies and promote sustainable agricultural and rural development in India.Learn more about Reform here: https://brainly.com/question/518311
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Question 3 B Apples Which of the following statements is true? Point B is inefficient. O Point A is preferred to point C. O Point A is inefficient. O Point C cannot be attained with current technology
The correct statement is: Point A is preferred to Point C.
In economics, the concept of efficiency refers to the allocation of resources that maximizes overall welfare or output. Point A is preferred to point C if it represents a more efficient allocation of resources. This means that at point A, resources are utilized in a way that generates higher levels of output or welfare compared to point C. It indicates that improvements can be made by reallocating resources from point C to point A.
Point B being inefficient is not necessarily true based on the given options. The statement regarding point C not being attainable with current technology is not provided. Thus, the only statement that holds true is that point A is preferred to point C.
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