Though NaBH4 and LiAlH4 are similar, NaBH4 is less reactive. Esters, amides, acids, and nitriles are largely unaffected; its power is limited to reducing aldehydes, ketones, and acid chlorides to alcohols.
Because the hydride ion can attack the planar carbonyl group on either face, the reduction of unsymmetrical ketones with LiAlH4 or NaBH4 results in the production of two stereoisomers: A racemic mixture of enantiomers results from the absence of any additional chiral centers. The intermediates produced by the reaction of sodium borohydride with water are also mild reducing agents known as hydroxyborohydride. The most popular reaction solvents for reduction or organic substrates are ethanol and propane-2-ol, though methanol is also employed. Because a similar reaction with alcohol is relatively slow, it is also known as an alcohol reduction reaction.
Theoretical yield = (Actual yield/percentage yield) x 100
Percent Yield = Mass of Actual Yield / Mass of Theoretical Yield x 100 percent
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What mode of transportation is limited to specialized products such as liquids and gases?.
Transport via pipelines is only possible for specialist goods like liquids and gases.
Describe gas.Gas is a state of matter that lacks both a defined shape and volume. Compared to other states pf material, such as liquids and solids, gasses have a lower density. Particles, which have a great deal of kinetic energy but aren't very attracted to one another, are separated by a lot of free space.
Which 10 gases make up the majority of the atmosphere?The Earth's atmosphere is made up of approximately % ammonia, 21 percent oxygen, 0.93 % argon, 0.04 % carbon dioxide, and small traces of bright blue, helium, methane, krypton, ozone, and hydrogen in the form of water vapor, according to the educational website Vision Starting to learn (opens in new tab).
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Indicate the direction of polarity of each of the covalent bonds by placing the appropriate delta notation next to each end of the bond. CO Answer Bank 6+ 5- 0–C1 0-F C-N C1-C SH S-C
the direction of polarity of each of the covalent bonds by placing the appropriate delta notation next to each end of the bond.
a water molecule, a typical illustration of polarity. There are two charges: a negative charge in the center (red shade) and a positive charge on either side (blue shade).
A bond's polarity results from the respective electronegativities of the constituent parts. Remember that an element's ability to draw electrons to itself when it is a component of a compound is known as electronegativity.
Chemical bond are formed when two or more atoms in a compound's molecule come contact and are tightly bound together. Covalent and ionic bond are the two different kinds of chemical bonding.
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Pure sodium metal placed in water will spark and ignite, as well as form bubbles and gas. What are the signs that this is a chemical reaction? check all that apply.
if 32.5 mol32.5 mol of an ideal gas occupies 36.5 l36.5 l at 11.00 ∘c,11.00 ∘c, what is the pressure of the gas?
The pressure exerted by the gas is 210.417 atm at 11°C.
It is given that the number of moles is 32.5 and this occupies a volume of 36.5L at 11°C which is 284K. To find the pressure of the gas, the following formula is used:
PV = nRT
By rearranging the formula we get pressure as,
P = (nRT)/V
Here, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant which is given as 8.314, T is the temperature in Kelvin and V is the volume in liters. By substituting all the values into the formula we get,
P = (32.5x8.314x284)/36.5L
P = 76738.22/36.5
P = 210.41699atm
This value could be approximated as 210.417atm
Therefore, the amount of pressure exerted by the gas of 32.5 moles of 36.5L at 11°C is 210.417 atm.
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some average bond ebtalpiesinb are as follows, wharf us the enthalpy change ft he formation of hydrogen brmide from hyrogen and bromine
The amount of heat released or absorbed when a chemical reaction occurs at constant pressure is referred to as enthalpy change. An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction or physical change that produces heat. Heat is produced as a byproduct of the reaction.
(d) Around 560°C, the reaction becomes spontaneous. 13-36. The process entropy change: 2 H(g) H2(g) is -98.74 J/mol-K. The H2 molecule has an enthalpy of atom combination of 435 kJ/mol. As a result, this is a redox reaction. However, there is no change in the oxidation state of the reactants in the other reactions listed in the options. As a result, those are not redox reactions. The correct answer is option A, which is $H 2 + Br 2xrightarrow2HBr$.
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Write the electron configuration of the oxygen atom?
Answer:
I think it's 2s^2 2p^4
Explanation:
NOT really sure but, I think its 2s^2 2p^4
Please, someone correct me if im wrong
ANSWER ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
Answer:
electronic config. of oxygen = 2,6
based on the position of the elements on the periodic table, which hydrogen bond would result in the greatest difference in electronegativity?
Of all the elements in the periodic table, nitrogen has one of the highest electronegative energies.
How do hydrogen bonds and electronegativity relate?
4 to 50 kJ per mole are the strengths of hydrogen bonds. As a result of the significant difference in electronegativity between the H atom and the N, O, or F atoms in molecules with N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds, the covalent connection between the H atom and these atoms is extremely polar (i.e., a bond dipole).
Electronegativity
Numerous techniques have been devised to quantitatively assess an element's tendency to gain or lose electrons since it is crucial to comprehend an element's chemistry to know whether it does so more frequently or less frequently. An element termed electronegativity is a component of the most crucial approach
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what is the pressure in a region of outer space where there is 2 molecule/cm3 and the temperature is 5 k ?
1.38*10⁻¹⁶ Nm⁻² is the pressure in a region of outer space where there is 2 molecule/cm3 and the temperature is 5 k
What is an illustration of pressure?By pressing a knife on some fruit, one can get a straightforward illustration of tension. The surface will not be sliced if you press the flat section of the blade against the berry. The force is dispersed over a broad radius (low pressure).
Briefing:P = nKT/V
= 2*1.38*10⁻²³*5/10⁻⁶
= 1.38*10⁻¹⁶ Nm⁻²
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write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction when aluminum nitrate and potassium iodide are mixed in aqueous solution. if no reaction occurs, simply write only nr. be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction.
The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction when aluminum nitrate and potassium iodide are mixed in aqueous solution is:-
The net ionic equation is : Al3+(aq)+3OH−(aq)→Al(OH)3(s)
What is net ionic equation?
The net ion equation must be balanced by both mass and charge. Mass balance means that the mass of each element is the same on the product and reactant sides. Charge balancing means ensuring that the total charge is equal on both sides of the equation.
Therefore, The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction when aluminum nitrate and potassium iodide are mixed in aqueous solution is:-
The net ionic equation is : Al3+(aq)+3OH−(aq)→Al(OH)3(s)
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try creating a flow chart that traces the flow of energy through your body. what products increase entropy of you and your surroundings?
Energy and energy transformation are depicted graphically and mathematically using energy flow diagrams, also known as energy flow charts. Primary energy used as unprocessed fuels to feed a system, energy supply, conversion or transformation, losses, and energy being used can all fall under this category.
When solid or liquid reactants produce gaseous byproducts, entropy increases. When liquid products are formed from solid reactants, entropy also rises. The environment emits heat, and the additional heat raises the entropy of the environment. There are more options for how to distribute the energy over the molecules when more energy is added to the environment. Thus, raising the temperature also raises the environment's entropy. Energy and energy transformation are depicted graphically and mathematically using energy flow diagrams, also known as energy flow charts. Primary energy used as unprocessed fuels to feed a system, energy supply, conversion or transformation, losses, and energy being used can all fall under this category.
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s cl2 2h2oh2s 2hclo in the above reaction, the oxidation state of sulfur changes from to . how many electrons are transferred in the reaction?
The chemical created determines the oxidation state of sulfur. Sulphur can widen its valances because it has an empty d orbital because of its larger size. As a result, it displays oxidation states of 2, 2, 4, and 6, respectively.
The sulfur atom's oxidation number drops from 0 to -2. The following are the guidelines for determining oxidation numbers: Ions have an oxidation number of 4, while elements have an oxidation number of 5, more electronegative elements have an oxidation number of 6, and less electronegative elements have an oxidation number of 7.
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write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the weak acid hcn with water. include the phase of each species. chemical equation:
HCN(aq)+H2O⇋CN−(aq)+H3O+(aq)
This is the weak acid HCN's acid dissociation equilibrium.
What is an easy way to define acid?A compound that creates salts when it combines with specific metals and releases hydrogen ions into water. Certain dyes are given a scarlet hue and a sour flavour by acids. Acids generated by the body, such stomach acid, can assist organ function. One type of acid is hydrochloric acid.
What varieties of acid are there?Organic acids and inorganic acids are the two different types of acids. Mineral acids are another name for inorganic acids.The strength of organic acids is often lower than that of inorganic acids. Although inorganic acids don't include carbon, organic acids do, which is the major distinction between the two.
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the pka for acetic acid is 4.75. if you have a solution containing 0.25 m acetate and 0.075 m acetic acid, what is its ph?
The pH of the given solution is 5.27.
In chemistry, pH, which was originally denoting as potential of hydrogen, refer to a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions are measured to have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions.
According to the given information,
pKa of acetic acid = 4.75
Concentration of acetic acid = 0.075m
Concentration of acetate salt = 0.25m
The pH of a simple acetate solution is given by:
pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)
Hence,
pH = 4.75 + log(0.25/0.075)
pH = 4.75 + 0.522
pH = 5.27
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at a given temperature and pressure, it takes 4.00 min for a 7.50-l sample of oxygen (o2) to effuse through a membrane. how long will it take for a 7.50-l sample of methane (ch4) to effuse under the same conditions?
Time take for a 7.50-l sample of methane (ch4) to effuse under the same conditions is 2.84 min.
Effusion is defined as a loss of cloth throughout a boundary. A commonplace instance of effusion is the lack of gasoline interior of a balloon over the years. The fee at which gases will effuse from a balloon is stricken by a number of of things.
Calculation:-
t = 4 min
V = 7.5 L
rate O₂/rate CH₄ = √MCH₄/MO₂
(7.5 L/4) / (7.5/t) = √16/32
t/4 = 0.71
t = 2.84 min
Effluxion of time is the expiration of a rent time period due to a herbal passing of time in place of from a selected motion or event. This phrase also can be used to indicate the realization or expiration of an settlement in easy writing when the realization or expiration takes place thru a natural direction of events.
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You add 100. 0 g of water at 60. 0°c to 100. 0 g of ice at 0. 00°c. Some of the ice melts and cools the water to 0. 00°c. When the ice and water mixture has come to a uniform temperature of 0°c, how much ice has melted?.
The Mass of ice is 69.12g.
What is mass?
It is a dimensionless quantity that expresses a particle or object's mass. The accepted unit of mass under the International System (SI) is the kilogram.
What is temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles inside an object. The temperature increases cause these particles to move more quickly. It is possible to measure temperature using a thermometer or a calorimeter.
first calculate the amount of heat as follows;
q= mass of water C= (0°C-55°C)
=100.0g (4.186J/g°c) (-55°C)
=-23023J
Heat lost by water is gained by ice,
-q=m*ΔH
-23023J= m*333J/g
= 69.12g
Therefore, Mass of ice is 69.12g.
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10. is the strength of intermolecular forces determined by the bond strengths within the individual molecules? explain your reasoning.
No, the strength of the bonds between the individual molecules did not determine the strength of the intermolecular interactions.
What does chemistry mean by intermolecular forces?Intermolecular forces are those that exist between molecules. It differs from an intra-molecular force, or the compel which exists within a molecule, because of this. A force within a molecule would therefore resemble an covalent bond. Intermolecular force is the name for the force that exists between molecules.
Which five intermolecular forces are there?Intermolecular forces come in five flavors: ion-induced dipole forces, directional antenna dipole forces, induced dipole forces, and dipole-dipole forces. Ions or polar (dipole) molecules are held together by ion-dipole forces. Molecules are connected via intermolecular bonds. The Van der Waals energies are another name for them.
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what is the molecular compound name for hydrazine, n2h4? multiple choice question. a) trinitrogen pentahydride b) dinitrogen hydride c) dinitrogen tetrahydride d) trinitrogen quatrohydride
The molecular compound name for hydrazine, N₂H₄ is dinitrogen tetrahydride.
Hydrazine, N₂H₄ is an inorganic compound which is also known as diamine or dinitrogen tetrahydride. It is named so because it consists of two nitrogen and four hydride atoms. It is a flammable liquid with a strong pungent smell like ammonia. It also acts as a strong base.
Some uses of hydrazine are:
Sodium azide, the component used in air bags is produced from hydrazine.It is used in manufacturing pharmaceuticals.It is used in agricultural fields such as an ingredient in insecticides, pesticides and fungicides.It is used in industrial boilers to control the pH of water.Thus, option C, dinitrogen tetrahydride is the correct answer.
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what is the electron-pair geometry for n in nf3? fill in the blank 4 there are fill in the blank 5 lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the molecular geometry (shape) of nf3 i
Electron Pair Geometry determines the spatial arrangement of a molecule's bonds and lone pairs. The electron pairs repel each other whether or not they are in bond pairs or in lone pairs. Thus, electron spread themselves as far as possible to avoid repulsion.
What is electron pair geometry of NF3, H2O, NOBr and GeH4 ?
NF3 (Nitrogen trifluoride)
Electron pair geometry is tetrahedral
There is one lone pair. Geometry would be then pyramidal
NOBr (Nitrosyl Bromide)
Electron pair geometry is triangular planar
One lone pair then geometry will be bent or angular
H2O (water)
Electron pair geometry is Tetrahedral
Two lone pair then geometry will be bent or angular
GeH4 (Germanium Hydride)
Electron pair geometry is Tetrahedral
Zero lone pair then geometry will be Tetrahedral
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what is the electron pair geometry for an ammonia molecule, nh3? group of answer choices bent linear tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal none of these
The electron pair geometry for an ammonia molecule, NH₃ is tetrahedral.
According to VSPER theory :
for NH₃ : number of electron pairs arre:
Number of electron pairs = 1 / 2 [ V + N -C + A]
where V is number of valence electrons on central atom = 5
N = number of monovalent electron = 3
C = charge of cation = 0
A = charge of anion = 0
number of electron pairs = 1 / 2 [ 5 + 3 ]
= 4
The 4 electrons group are present out of which three are bonding groups and one present as lone pair of electron therefore the electron geometry is tetrahedral and the molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal.
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There’s three pictures because I couldn’t fit all of the question and answers in one but please help me it’s due soon
And I will mark brainliest
The reaction depicted in option D would not occur.
What is the reaction that would not occur?We know that a chemical reaction has to do with the interaction between species that are combined in a system. As the interaction is taking place, there would be a rearrangement of the atoms of the substance and a recombination of the atoms so as to obtain the products.
We can see that the kind of reaction that we are have here is a single replacement reaction. This implies that one of the species is replaced by the specie with which it reacts.
This is only possible if it is reactaing with a specie that is higher than it in the electrochemical series of the elements. The reaction in option D would not occur because the bromine is less than the chlorine in the electrochemical series.
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what atom would be created if uranium lost 10 protons?
Atomic number of uranium is 92. Thus it contains 92 protons and 92 electrons. When it loses 92 protons the atom formed with 82 protons is lead (Pb).
What is uranium?Uranium is 92nd element in the periodic table. Uranium is an actinide thus classified into the f-block elements. It is a radioactive element and is very unstable.
Actinides such uranium undergo nuclear decay to form stable atoms. The number of electrons and number of protons will be equal in the neutral atom.
Uranium contains 92 protons, when 10 protons are removed it forms an atom with 82 protons. That is lead . Lead is the 82nd element n periodic table.
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what are possible units for the reaction rate? group of answer choices l • mol–1 • s–1 s–2 mol • l–1 • s–1 s–1 l2 • mol–2 • s–1
The possible units for the reaction rate is mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹.
The rate of the reaction given reaction is :
aA +bB ---> cC + dD
r = k[A][B]
= -1/a Δ[A]/ Δt = -1/b Δ[B] / Δt = 1/c Δ[C] / Δt = 1/d Δ[C] / Δt
reaction rate = concentration / time
reaction rate unit is = concentration / time
concentration is moles per liter. therefore reaction rate unit is mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹. The rate of the reaction or we can say that the reaction rate is the speed of the reaction at which reactants are converted into the products.
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what is the weight percent of vitamin c in a solution made by dissolving 2.60 g of vitamin c, c6h8o6 , in 55.0 g of water?
The weight percent of vitamin c in a solution made by dissolving 2.60 g of vitamin c, c6h8o6 , in 55.0 g of water 4.51 %
The percent by weight can be expressed as:
Percentage weight = solute /solution × 100 %
Now we have that the mass of the solution is
Mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent
Mass of solution = 2.60g + 55.0g
Mass of Solution = 57.6g
Percentage weight = 2.60/57.6 × 100 = 4.51 %
When one or more solutes are dissolved in a solvent, the result is a homogenous mixture known as a solution. a solvent is a substance that helps a solute dissolve so that a homogenous mixture results. When a substance dissolves in a solvent, it forms a homogenous mixture, which is known as a solute.
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g draw a picture showing your hypothesis about how they do this. the following items should be included in the picture: protons, atp synthase, electron carriers/transport proteins and molecules, inorganic electron donor, inorganic electron acceptor
A premise drawn from some evidence is known as a hypothesis. This is the starting step of any study that converts the research questions into predictions, including protons and electron carriers.
Inorganic electron acceptor, inorganic electron donor, and transport proteins and molecules are also included. Variables, the population, and how the variables are related are all included as components. Any hypothesis that is put to the test in order to determine how two or more variables relate to one another is called a research hypothesis. Unchangeable and negatively charged, an electron is a part of an atom. Aside from the atom nucleus, electrons surround it. The mass of an electron is extremely small compared to that of a neutron or proton, and it carries one unit of negative charge (1.602 x 10 -19 coulomb).
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Convert .4 moles NaCl to molecules
Answer:
2.4 x 10^23 molecules
Explanation:
The Avogadro's Constant is equal to 6.022 x 10^23 for one mole of substance
1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23
so 0.4 mole = (0.4 x 6.022 x 10^23)/1 = 2.4 x 10^23 molecules
An atom has three protons and one neutron in its nucleus. How many electrons will it have; if it is a stable atom? How do you know?
When you combine vinegar and baking soda, a gas is produced. Why is the gas considered evidence that a chemical reaction occurred?
How can you use a graduated cylinder, water, and an electronic balance to find the density of water?
Please answer all 3
:)
1. The number of electrons in the atom is 3.
The atom is not stable because the proton and neutron ratio is greater than 1.5
2. The gas produced is considered evidence that a chemical reaction occurred because it is a new product.
3. The graduated cylinder measures the volume of water, the electronic balance measures the mass of water, and the density of water is obtained from the ratio of the mass and volume of water measured.
What are protons and neutrons?Protons are the sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus of atoms that are positively charged. The proton number is equal to the electron in neutral atoms.
Neutrons are the sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus of atoms that are neutral or possess no charge.
The ratio of the protons and neutrons given stability to the atom of its is is not greater than 1.5
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at a certain temperature, the solubility of strontium arsenate, sr3(aso4)2, is 0.0500 g/l. what is the Ksp of this salt at this temperature?
According to the given statement Ksp for strontium arsenate is 9.98×·10⁻³
What is the purpose of arsenate?Arsenic is used in industry as an alloying agent in addition to being used to make glass, pigments, linens, cardboard, metal glue, wood preservatives, and ammunition. Arsenic is also used in several pesticides, feed additives, and pharmaceuticals, as well as in the tanning of skins.
Balanced chemical reaction (dissociation):
Sr₃(AsO₄)₂(s) → 3Sr²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(aq).
s(Sr₃(AsO₄)₂) = 0.0650 g/L.
s(Sr₃(AsO₄)₂) = 0.0500 g/L ÷ 540.7 g/mol = 9.24 mol/L.
s(Sr²⁺) = 3s(Sr₃(AsO₄)₂).
s(AsO₄³⁻) = 2s(Sr₃(AsO₄)₂).
Ksp = s(Sr²⁺)³ · s(AsO₄³⁻)².
Ksp = (3s)³ · (2s)².
Ksp = 108s⁵.
Ksp = 108 · (9.24 mol/L)⁵ = 9.98×·10⁻³
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what makes a element least likely to be a ionic compound
In water, an element can dissolve that is least likely to be an ionic compound.
What substances are most likely to result in ionic compounds?Ionic compounds typically form when metal and nonmetal elements are combined. For instance, the nonmetal chlorine (Cl) and metal calcium (Ca) combine to form the ionic compound calcium chloride.
Noble Gases are colorless gases with a very low reactivity. The noble gases are referred to as inert because they don't easily combine with other substances to form compounds. The noble gas family consists of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
Compound formation involving noble gases is extremely rare. They are incomprehensible gases that don't interact with other substances in their environment.
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After pyruvate is formed, it must either be converted to another molecule to enter the citric acid cycle and ultimately produce ATP by utilizing the electron-transport chain, produce NAD^+. Identify the products formed in the pathway of pyruvate and indicate whether NADH + H^+ or NAD^+ are produced under aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
At the end of pyruvate pathway two carbon dioxide molecules, electrons, and one ATP molecule are produced as products.
Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, and then it is converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) through gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine, and it can be converted into ethanol.
Pyruvic acid supplies energy to the living cells through the citric acid cycle also known as the Krebs cycle, that is when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration); when oxygen is lacking, it generally ferments to produce lactic acid. Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the anaerobic metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis.
One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy in one of two ways. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl- coenzyme A, which is the main input for a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle. Pyruvate is also converted to oxaloacetate by an antipleuritic reaction, which replenishes Krebs cycle intermediates; also, oxaloacetate is used for gluconeogenesis.
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continue adding salt to the solution until undissolved salt remains on the bottom of the container. this is now a (a) solution because no more sodium chloride can dissolve. the simplest ratio of ions in the solution is (b) sodium ion to (c) chloride ion and the simplest ratio of ions bound in the solid is (d) sodium ion to (e) chloride ion.
Continue adding salt to the solution until undissolved salt remains on the bottom of the container. this is now a (a)saturated solution because no more sodium chloride can dissolve. The simplest ratio of ions in the solution is (b)1 sodium ion to (c) 1 chloride ion and the simplest ratio of ions bound in the solid is (d) sodium ion to (e) chloride ion.
Water molecules pull the sodium and chloride ions apart, breaking the ionic bond that held them together. After the salt compounds are pulled apart, the sodium and chloride atoms are surrounded by means of water molecules, as this diagram indicates. as soon as this happens, the salt is dissolved, resulting in a homogeneous solution .
Dissolving a solid in liquid, inclusive of desk salt in water, is a bodily exchange because only the country of the matter has changed. A not unusual misconception approximately dissolving is that heating and/or stirring are required for the dissolving process to arise. on this observe, quantitative experimental evidence turned into accrued and analyzed to illustrate that neither heating nor stirring is required for dissolving.
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