The mutation mentioned here is a dominant negative.
Define mutation.
A mutation is a change in our DNA sequence that can be brought on by environmental factors like UV light and cigarette smoke or mistakes made when the DNA is copied.
When a mutant receptor prevents the function of the wild-type (WT) version of the receptor, the condition is known as a dominant-negative (DN) mutation.
A DN mutation generally results in a mutant polypeptide whose activity is reduced in comparison to the co-expressed wild-type protein. Dominant-negative mutations are known as antimorphs, indicating that they have the opposite impact of the gene from which they were produced, according to an early genetic study.
Oncogenes are examples of DN mutations that arise spontaneously. When only one copy of the gene is functioning, haploinsufficiency is frequently used to compare negative dominance . Since it directly affects the phenotypic diversity in this situation, the expression level of this gene is significant. Trisomy 21, which is brought on by errors in the genes producing transcription factors and other key proteins, is a classic example of a condition brought on by haploinsufficiency.
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you learn that remains from the same species as fossil b have been found at a site 300 miles away embedded be- tween two layers of volcanic rock. how can this help you?
Fossil B is older than 45 million years or the uppermost layer at the other side (whichever is older) and younger than the lowermost layer of ash at the other site, this may help in this way..
The preserved remains, or traces of remains, of extinct animals are called fossils. The remains of the organism itself are not fossils! They're stones. An full organism or only a portion of one can be preserved as a fossil.
Leaves, feathers, shells, bones, and shells can all turn into fossils. Fossils come in a wide range of sizes. Only a microscope can see microfossils. Microfossils include pollen and bacteria.
Formation of fossils The Latin word fossus, which means "having been dug up," is where the word fossil derives from. Deep underground rock formations are a common place to find fossils. The transformation of remains into fossils is called fossilisation and Fossilization is uncommon.
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if the albino phenotype occurs in 1/10,000 individuals in a population at equilibrium and albinism is caused by an autosomal recessive allele a, calculate the frequency of (a) the recessive mutant allele;
The frequency of the recessive mutants allele is
2pq=2x0.01x0.99=0.0198 of the albinism in population.
Hardy-Weinberg equation is a mathematical version that calculates the frequency of an allele in a population.
p represents the frequency of dominant allele q represents the frequency of recessive allele 2pq represents the frequency of heterozygotes
p^2 2 +2pq+q^2 2 =1
Albino phenotype is recessive and takes place in 1 out of ten thousand individuals. q^2 2 =0.0001 q=0.01
Normal phenotype takes place in dominant homozygous and heterozygous individuals. p^2 2 +2pq=0.9999 p=1-q=1-0.01=0.99
2pq=2x0.01x0.99=0.0198
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1. Which of the following describes a population?
A. 85 great white sharks off Cape Cod
B. thousands of dolphins and whales around
Hawaii
C. a mating pair of seagulls migrating to an
island
D. corals, sponges, algae, reef fish, lobsters,
and giant clams
Answer: A
Explanation:
if the effective rate of reproduction of an asexual lineage is 12 per year, what would be the effective rate of reproduction of a lineage that was identical to the asexual lineage in every way except that it was sexual?
The effective rate of reproduction of an asexual lineage is 12 per year, what would be the effective rate of reproduction of a lineage are 3.
Although the primary replica quantity, R zero, is beneficial for information the transmissibility of a ailment and designing diverse intervention strategies, the conventional threshold amount theoretically assumes that the epidemic first takes place in a totally inclined population, and hence, R zero is basically a mathematically described amount. In many instances, it's miles of realistic significance to assess time-structured versions withinside the transmission capability of infectious diseases.
R(t) indicates time-structured version because of the decline in inclined individuals (intrinsic factors) and the implementation of manipulate measures (extrinsic factors). If R(t)<1, it indicates that the epidemic is in decline and can be seemed as being beneathneath manipulate at time t (vice versa, if R(t)>1). T
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for every molecule of glucose that enters stage i of glycolysis there is an initial investment of 2 molecules of before the subsequent generation of atp.
Before the future production of ATP, 2 molecules of atp are first invested for each molecule of glucose which enters phase I of glycolysis.
Two ATP molecules are invested during the glycolysis energy investment phase, which produces two molecule of glyceraldehyde phosphate. The net benefit of glycolysis is just two ATP because atp Molecules are consumed in the initial part of glycolysis, even if four Molecules of atp are created in the second half. Phase of energy investment. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is created from glucose in a sequence of processes that each need two ATP. Two pyruvate molecule, a total of 4 ATP molecules, and two NADH molecules are produced throughout the process of glycolysis, which begins with glucose. The initial part of the route required two ATP molecules to set up the six-carbon rings for cleavage, therefore the cell gains two ATP molecules overall.
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The gopher tortoise is georgia's state reptile. They dig burrows which other animals in the ecosystem rely on for survival. Without them, the ecosystem would collapse. What type of species is the gopher tortoise to the ecosystem?.
The foundation of an ecosystem: gopher tortoise burrows. Gopher tortoises are a keystone species, which means they have a significant influence on their surroundings.
How do gopher tortoises benefit the environment?As a keystone species, the gopher tortoise is crucial to the stability of the ecosystem it lives in. Numerous creatures, including frogs, owls, and even rare indigo snakes, find refuge in the gopher tortoise's tunnels.
If the gopher tortoise became extinct, what would happen?The gopher tortoise is a keystone species, which means that losing it would have a discernible impact on the ecosystem in which it lives. Particularly, other animals rely on tortoise burrows, including gopher frogs, certain snake species, and many tiny mammals.
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The great seal of the united states features an eagle clutching an olive branch in the talons of its right foot, symbolizing the power of peace. What is it grasping in the talons of its other foot?.
The power of peace is being seized grasping in the talons of its other foot.
A shield, a scroll, an olive branch, or a phrase is what the eagle on the Great Seal is holding in his right talon?In the artwork, an eagle holding the motto "E Pluribus Unum" on a scroll with an olive branch representing peace and thirteen arrows representing conflict are displayed in each of its claws. The year 1776 is written in Roman numerals at the foot of a thirteen-step pyramid on the reverse of the seal.
What does the eagle represent in the US coat of arms?The Founding Fathers made the right choice when they designated the bald eagle as the country's emblem. The fierce woman and the great bird's proud independence effectively represents America's strength and freedom.
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in 3 to 5 sentences describe the relationship between glucose molecules adn the product it makes
During cellular respiration, glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced in the reactions directly that transform glucose.
What is relationship between glucose molecules and the product it makes?Carbon dioxide and water the products of cellular respiration. Carbon dioxide is transported from mitochondria to out of the cell, to the red blood cells and then back to the lungs to be exhaled.
Glucose dissolves in water as polar water molecules attach to the glucose molecules. The hydroxyl groups in glucose are attracted to the water molecules by dipole-dipole forces. The strength of these forces is greater than the glucose -glucose interactions.
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Which statement is TRUE of infant vision?
Because of the sensitivity of their eyes, young infants avoid looking at areas of high contrast.
By around 2 or 3 months of age infants' color vision is similar to that of adults.
Infants tend to look at the center of any display, regardless of what it is.
Visual acuity develops very slowly, but by 18 months infants can see nearly as well as adults.
The true statement of infant vision is by around 2 or 3 months of age infants' color vision is similar to that of adults.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
How is the development of infant vision around 2 or 3 months?Аt аbout 2 months old, bаbies usuаlly аre аble to follow а moving object with their eyes аs their visuаl coordinаtion improves. In fаct, аt аround 3 months old, the bаby mаy hаve enough eye аnd аrm coordinаtion to bаt аt а neаrby moving object.
Аt 3 months old, the bаby's eyes should work together to focus аnd trаck objects. It means the infants' color vision is similar to that of adults.
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which technique would be used to identify the specific nucleotides between which a chromosome break occurred?
Answer:
DNA sequencing
many biomaterials are used to enhance the performance of functional, natural organs rather than what?
Many biomaterials are used to enhance the performance of functional, natural organs rather than substitutes for real organs.
A biomaterials is a material created to interact with biological systems for diagnostic or therapeutic (treating, improving, mending, or replacing a tissue function of the body) purposes. An area of study called biomaterials has existed for nearly fifty years. The study of biomaterials is known as biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering. It has had steady and robust growth throughout its history as a result of various enterprises making large financial expenditures in the development of new products. Aspects of tissue engineering, biology, chemistry, and materials science are all incorporated into the discipline of biomaterials science. Remember that a biomaterial is not the same as a biological material produced by a biological system, such as bone. Additionally, care should be given when describing a biomaterial as biocompatible because it relies on the use. A biomaterial that is biocompatible or suitable for one application might not be in another in specific circumstances. Biomaterials can be produced chemically in a lab setting using ceramics, composite materials, metallic or polymeric components.
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To which other animal is the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) most closely related? (The Clouded Leopard is in the class Mammalia, order Carnivora, & family Felidae.) Group of answer choices House Mouse (Mus musculus) - class Mammalia, order Rodentia, family Muridae Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola) - class Osteichthyes, order Tetraodontiformes, family Molidae Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina) - class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Phocidae Kodkod (Leopardus guigna) - class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Felidae Hooded Polecat (Mephitis macroura) - class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Mustelidae
Contrary to what its name suggests, the clouded leopard is not closely related to the leopard. Neofelis diardi, a different species that can be found on Borneo, is a clouded leopard.
Why do the snow leopard and the clouded leopard belong to separate genera?All other leopard species fall within the genus Panthera, while clouded leopards belong to Neofelis. Because of this, clouded leopards (Panthera uncia) are somewhat more distantly related to leopards (Panthera pardus) than snow leopards (Panthera uncia) (Neofelis nebulosa).
Which of the two varieties of clouded leopard are they?Classification and Evolution of the Clouded Leopard
Recently, the Clouded Leopard was separated into two distinct species: the mainland-found Clouded Leopard and the Sunda Clouded Leopard (Borneo and Sumatra).
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Compare and contrast the supportive cells involved in the CNS and the PNS that are responsible for myelination and regeneration.
A successful response will include: names, locations, functions, and structures of the cells myelination and regeneration similarities and differences between the CNS/PNS. how their function is affected by M.S.
Both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system contain myelin, however only the central nervous system is impacted by multiple sclerosis (MS). Oligodendrocytes, a unique type of cell, create CNS myelin. Schwann cells generate PNS myelin.
what is neuron?
The two main cell types found in nervous tissue are neurons and glial cells. The cells responsible for electrical signal communication are called neurons. Supporting cells that keep the surroundings of the neurons in good condition are glial cells. Our ability to think, see, hear, speak, feel, excrete (through the bowel or bladder), and move is made possible by the neurons that make up our nervous system. The axon is insulated, protected, and helped transmit nerve signals more quickly by myelin.
Glial cells can be divided into different categories depending on which anatomical division they are located in the nervous system. There are oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and astrocytes in the CNS.
The blood-brain barrier is controlled by astrocytes, which are essential for maintaining the chemical environment around the neuron. The myelinating glia in the CNS are oligodendrocytes. Microglia function as phagocytes and support immunological control.
Ependymal cells are in charge of filtering the blood to create cerebrospinal fluid, a circulatory fluid that, as a result of the BBB, performs some of the activities of blood in the brain and spinal cord. Satellite cells serve as support cells for the neurons in the PNS, and Schwann cells cushion the peripheral axons.
One of these conditions is multiple sclerosis (MS). It exemplifies an autoimmune disorder. Myelin is marked by the antibodies made by lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, as something that shouldn't be in the body. In the central nervous system, this results in inflammation and myelin breakdown.
Scarring is visible as a result of the disease's destruction of the axon's protective covering. The white matter of the brain and spinal cord both contain many scars.
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What component of the proximal tubule, if not functional, would have the most severe effect on kidney function?.
The proximal tubule's primary role is to reabsorb filtrate in accordance with the demands of homeostasis (equilibrium), whereas the distal part of the nephron and the collecting duct are primarily responsible for the intricate regulation of water, electrolyte, and hydrogen-ion balance.
The proximal tubules reabsorb 85–90% of the bicarbonate, 100% of the glucose, and 100% of the amino acids, in addition to about 65% of the water, sodium, potassium, and chloride. The proximal tubule is particularly susceptible to injury (obstructive, ischemic, hypoxic, oxidative, metabolic), which results in cell death and eventually leads to the formation of tubular glomeruli. This is because it is loaded with mitochondria and depends on oxidative phosphorylation.
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Each student in a biology laboratory received two solutions. One solution was distilled water. The other was a salt solution
with concentrations of salts slightly greater than that of a living cell. The solutions were labeled X and Y, respectively.
The students were instructed to place some fresh-water protozoans in each of the solutions and to identify the solutions on the basis
of their observations. The protozoans in solution X shriveled. Those in solution Y swelled up and burst.
5. These results indicate that (1.) solution X was salt water (2.) solution Y contained killer protozoans (3.) solution Y was salt water
(4.) solution X was distilled water (5.) solution X was tap water
These results indicate that (1.) solution X was salt water.
Tonicity estimates the osmotic pressure gradient of two liquids isolated by a semipermeable layer. There are three types of tonicity that a solution can have in relation to another: hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic.
The solute concentration of an isotonic solution is the same as that of another solution.Cells will swell in a solution that is hypotonic, while they will contract in a solution that is hypertonic.A solution that is hypertonic contains more solutes than a cell or other solution. In hypertonic solutions, cells shrink.Saltwater is hypertonic to the red platelets. Consequently, the cell releases water into the solution. As a result, the cell in solution X shriveled up.
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Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to:
A) conserve or eliminate hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.
B) regulate removal of metabolic wastes.
C) regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow.
D) regulate blood solute concentration.
Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow.
The correct option is C.
What is erythropoietin?Erythropoietin is a hormone that is produced mainly by the kidneys and which stimulates the bone marrow to produce new red blood cells.
The hormone is a glycoprotein as it is composed of protein molecules linked to carbohydrate moieties.
Erythropoietin is a very important hormone that is required in anemic conditions as well as when red blood cell production is low.
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when in the cell cycle are active cyclin d-cdk and cyclin e-cdk complexes required for the cell cycle to continue?
It activates CDK1 by cyclin A, causing the cells to enter the transition to the M phase.
What is cell cycle?
The cell cycle is made up of several steps in which the chromosomes and other cell components replicate themselves to make two copies. The material is then duplicated and given to each of the two daughter cells as the cell divides. Each daughter cell must have its own outer membrane for the cell cycle to be complete.
What is cyclin?
Cyclins are a family of proteins that do not themselves have any enzymatic activity but instead work by binding to CDKs to activate them.
By phosphorylating CDC6 and E2F1, the cyclin A/CDK2 complex ends the S phase, initiates the transition from the S phase to the G2 phase, and then activates CDK1 by cyclin A, causing the cells to enter the transition to the M phase.
Therefore, it activates CDK1 by cyclin A, causing the cells to enter the transition to the M phase.
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Sebaceous glands...
a. sweat
b. sebum
c. milk
d. cerumen
what do you predict will happen to the paramecium cell when it is placed in a freshwater environment?
The contractile vacuole removes excess water, prevents swelling/bursting.
What is paramecium?
Paramecium or Paramoecium is a eukaryotic, unicellular organism. It comes under the ciliate group. They have thousands of cilia covering their body, which is how they are characterized. They are mostly found in freshwater, marine and brackish water. Paramecium are also found attached to the surface at times.
Paramecium primarily reproduce asexually (binary fission). They also show conjugation and are slipper-shaped. They are easily cultivated and are widely used to study biological processes.
So, therefore, the contractile vacuole removes excess water which prevents swelling/bursting.
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A disease kills most members of a plant species in an ecosystem. Several animal species feed on that plant species. After a time, the population of those animal species declines. Which is the BEST conclusion about the ecosystem based on this information? A, Many of the animal species that rely on the diseased plant species will become extinct over time. B, The entire ecosystem has no chance of survival and becomes extinct. C, The ecosystem has no chance of recovery from the decline.
Answer:
Answer A.
Explanation:
Many of the animal species that rely on the diseased plant species will become extinct over time
Everyone experiences a period of __________ during puberty. A. Little changeb. Emotional and mental stabilityc. Reduced height and weightd. Rapid change.
Everyone experiences a period of rapid change during puberty
the initial effective exposure to an antigen or an allergen that stimulates an immune response but generally elicits no symptoms is called a(n) .
It is known as a sensitizing dosage when an antigen or allergen is effectively exposed for the first time and causes an immune response but typically no symptoms.
A molecule, chemical structure, foreign particle, pollen grain, or any other substance that can bind to a particular antibody or T-cell receptor is referred to as an antigen (Ag) in the field of immunology. An immunological response may be triggered by antigens present in the antigen. Antibody-like substances were initially referred to as antigens by the word. Addiction to drugs causes drug sensitization, which is characterized by an intensified drug impact after repeated doses (the opposite of drug tolerance ). A sensitizing dosage is a protein called delta found inside mesolimbic neurons and modifications in brain mesolimbic dopamine transmission are both involved in this sensitizing dosage.
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Mara lives in st. Louis, which is close to sea level. She decides to spend a month of her summer vacation working in the mountains outside of denver. After a week in the mountains, what kinds of changes would you expect to see as mara adapts to the higher altitude?.
As mara adapts to the higher altitude, decreased Po2 in the alveoli can be seen.
The oxygen partial pressure drops in three stages before reaching arterial blood from 21 kPa (21%) in the atmosphere. First, the upper respiratory tract humidifies the inspired air, lowering the Po2 to approximately 19.7 kPa (148 mmHg) thanks to the saturated vapor pressure of water (6.2 kPa, or 47 mmHg)Po2 in the alveoli decreases.
other factors like:
Hematocrit increasesIn an effort to provide more oxygen to the blood, pressure in the pulmonary arteries rises. As a result, elevation-related increases in blood pressure are common.The rate of alveolar ventilation also goes up.Know more about partial pressure here: https://brainly.com/question/2828367
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1. What type of cellular transport must occur in order to move water and
balance the salinity levels inside and outside the fish cells - simple
diffusion, active transport or osmosis
2. If there is a higher amount of salt in the aquarium water, what type of
solution is this in relation to the fish cells - hypotonic, hypertonic, or
isotonic?
3. With the higher amount of salt in the aquarium water as compared to
the fish cells, in what direction the water will travel across the cell
membranes of the fish - into the fish cells, out of the fish cells, into
and out of the fish cells equally
Write a balanced half-reaction describing the oxidation of aqueous oxide anions to gaseous dioxygen.
The balanced half-reaction describing the oxidation of aqueous oxide anions to gaseous dioxygen is [tex]\rm 2 O_2^- (aq) \rightarrow O_2(g) + 4 e-[/tex].
The removal of one electron from a molecule during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.
Balancing the oxygen atom:
Oxygen has an oxidation state of -2 in oxide anions and 0 in gaseous dioxygen.
Therefore, add 4 electrons to each oxide anion in order to balance the oxidation state.
[tex]\rm2 O_2^-(aq) \rightarrow O_2(g) + 2 H_2O(l)[/tex]
Balancing the hydrogen atom:
We now have a total of 4 electrons on the left side of the equation. To balance the charge on the right side, we require 4 electrons.
[tex]4 H^+ (aq) + 4 e^- \rightarrow 2 H_2O(l)[/tex]
The result is a gaseous dioxygen molecule with a total charge of zero after we add 4 electrons to the product side.
So, the balanced equation is
[tex]2 O_2^-(aq) + 4 H^+ (aq) \rightarrow O_2(g) + 2 H_2O(l)[/tex]
Therefore, the balanced half-reaction is [tex]\rm 2 O_2^- (aq) \rightarrow O_2(g) + 4 e-[/tex].
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what is the sequence of events that take place in the trp operon when tryptophan is present? begin with the first event at the top of the list.
Answer:
When tryptophan is present in the cell, two tryptophan molecules bind to the trp repressor, which changes shape to bind to the trp operator. Binding of the tryptophan–repressor complex at the operator physically prevents the RNA polymerase from binding, and transcribing the downstream genes.
A relatively small area with numerous endemic species and a large number of endangered or threatened species is called a _________.
A biodiversity hot spot is a relatively small region with a significant number of indigenous species and endangered or vulnerable species.
Ecologically distinct areas with extraordinarily high species densities are known as biodiversity hotspots, and they are thus top priorities for nature conservation. The term "biodiversity" has several meanings. A species area must satisfy two severe requirements in order to be considered a biodiversity hotspot: It must have a significant proportion of plant life that is endemic, or found nowhere else on the earth, and at least 1,500 vascular plants. In other terms, a hotspot is unique.
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Following delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine fundus and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because:
Select one:
A. a portion of the placenta was retained in the uterus.
B. these actions simulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction.
C. uterine massage increases blood flow to the uterus.
D. breastfeeding causes uterine blood vessels to dilate.
The bleeding ceases after massaging the uterine fundus and enabling the mother to breastfeed because these movements increase oxytocin production and produce a uterine contraction. In response to this query, choice B is appropriate.
Vaginal postpartum hemorrhage, also known as lochia, is the term for the discharge of blood and mucus that starts to occur after birth. Bleeding after delivery is normal and common: All the extra blood, mucus, and tissue that accumulated over your pregnancy are being eliminated by your body. Therefore, whether you gave birth naturally or via C-section, you will experience postpartum bleeding.
More frequently than not, lochia is heavier and lasts longer than a menstrual period. It also includes substances that are absent from a typical menstrual period, such as uterine mucus and tissue, primarily from the cervix. the region to which the placenta was connected.
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loss of pituitary function can result in deficiencies (or loss) of secretions of which hormones? select all that apply.
Loss of pituitary function can result in deficiencies (or loss) of secretions of hormones are Growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and Prolactin hormone.
At the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus, is the pituitary gland, also referred to as the hypophysis. It is a tiny, pea-sized gland. It is located in the sella turcica, a confined area beneath the skull. It is a component of your endocrine system and is responsible for producing a number of critical hormones. Your pituitary gland also regulates the timing and amount of hormone release from other endocrine system glands. An organ that secretes hormones, digestive fluids, perspiration, or tears is called a gland. Hormones are promptly released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands. In order to coordinate numerous biological functions, hormones are substances that communicate with a range of organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues through the blood. These signals give your body instructions on what to do and when. Your pituitary gland is divided into two main sections: the anterior pituitary (front lobe) and the posterior pituitary (back lobe). Your pituitary and hypothalamus are linked by the pituitary stalk, a collection of blood vessels and neurons also known as infundibulum.
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Two closely related forms of the fruit fly Drosophila mate at different times of day. One type
mates only in the morning, while the other mates only in the afternoon. Which statement most
likely describes the two forms of Drosophila?
A. They share the same gene pool.
B. They belong to the same species.
C. They make up two separate species.
D. They are part of populations in genetic equilibrium.
Answer: They make up two seperate species.
Explanation: