Answer:
Total asset turnover is 1.035.
Explanation:
The total assets that the company had = $932000
Gross sales = $1097000
Net sales = $965000
The total asset turnover can be determined by dividing the net sales with average total assets. Here, the average total assets are $932000 and net sales is $965,000.
Total asset turnover = net sales / average total assets
= 965000 / 932000
=1.035
You have an opportunity to invest in Australia at an interest rate of 8%. Moreover, you expect the Australian dollar (A$) to appreciate by 2%. Your effective return from this investment is
Answer:
10.16%
Explanation:
The computation of the effective return for this investment is shown below:
Let us assume that we invested an amount in Australian dollars 100
The return is 8%
After one year, the amount is 108
Now the converting amount is 110.16 (108 × 102%)
Now the effective rate for this investment is
= 110.16 - 100
= 10.16%
Twist Corp. has a current accounts receivable balance of $457,615. Credit sales for the year just ended were $2,940,600.a. What is the company's receivables turnover? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
b. What is the company's days' sales in receivables? (Use 365 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
c. How long did it take on average for credit customers to pay off their accounts during the past year? (Use 365 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer and Explanation:
The computations are as follows
a. For company receivable turnover
As we know it is
= Credit Sales ÷ current account receivable balance
= $2,940,600 ÷ $457,615
= 6.43 times
b.
Now
company's days' sales in receivables is
= 365 ÷ Receivables turnover ratio
= 365 ÷ 6.43
= 56.77 days
c. Therefore the average collection period is the same as days sales in receivable i.e 56.77 days
2. Explain how advertising and sales practices fed consumer demand during the late 1800s. What were the specific tactics used
Answer with its Explanation:
In the 1800s, advertising was done in local newspapers and in a number of magazines. The cost of advertising in newspapers was very high in those days because the only source of communication with the public was newspaper and magazines.
The designing of copying and opting to art was very common in those days which was adopted to attract key customers and placement of the advertisements in a specific place which would result in higher sales was also common to attract customer attention.
The telephone was invented in 1876, but still telemarketing started in 1970s. So the primary source of advertising and sales promotions was either by newspaper and magazines or face to face selling.
Answer:
B. The way enslaved children were fed
Explanation:
In the United States banking policies and procedures are set by the:
-president
-senate
-House of representatives
-federal reserve
Answer:
Federal Reserve.
Explanation:
Federal Reserve is a large central bank in Washington, D.C. that was founded in 1913. It lends money to other, smaller banks.
McCarthy Company has inventory... McCarthy Company has inventory of 8 units at a cost of $200 each on October 1. On October 2, it purchased 20 units at $205 each. 11 units are sold on October 4. Using the FIFO perpetual inventory method, what is the value of inventory after the October 4 sale
Answer:
Ending inventory= $3,485
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Beginning inventory= 8 units for $200 each
On October 2= purchased 20 units at $205 each.
11 units are sold on October 4.
under the FIFO (first-in, first-out) inventory method, the ending inventory is calculated using the cost of the last units incorporated into inventory.
Ending inventory= 17*205= $3,485
Griffin's Goat Farm, Inc., has sales of $604,000, costs of $255,000, depreciation expense of $53,000, interest expense of $35,000, and a tax rate of 23 percent. What is the net income for this firm
Answer:
The answer is $200,970
Explanation:
Solution
Given that
Now
Sales =$604,000
Costs= $255,000
Depreciation=$53,000
Thus
EBIT (Earnings before taxes and interest)=$296,000
The interest Expense = $35,000
Taxable income =$200,970
Taxes($261,000 * 23% =$60,030
The net income = $200,970
Therefore the net income for the firm is $200,970
Answer:
$200,970
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Tanner-UNF Corporation acquired as a long-term investment $200 million of 7% bonds, dated July 1, on July 1, 2018. The market interest rate (yield) was 9% for bonds of similar risk and maturity. Tanner-UNF paid $160 million for the bonds. The company will receive interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Company management is holding the bonds in its trading portfolio. As a result of changing market conditions, the fair value of the bonds at December 31, 2018, was $170 million.
Required:
1. Prepare the journal entry to record Tanner-UNF’s investment in the bonds on July 1, 2018 and interest on December 31, 2018, at the effective (market) rate.
2. Prepare any additional journal entry necessary for Tanner-UNF to report its investment in the December 31, 2018, balance sheet.
3. Suppose Moody’s bond rating agency downgraded the risk rating of the bonds motivating Tanner-UNF to sell the investment on January 2, 2019, for $150 million. Prepare the journal entries to record the sale.
Answer:
1. Prepare the journal entry to record Tanner-UNF’s investment in the bonds on July 1, 2018 and interest on December 31, 2018, at the effective (market) rate.
July 1, investment in UNF bonds
Dr Investment in bonds HTM 200,000,000
Cr Cash 160,000,000
Cr Discount on bonds 40,000,000
December 31, interest revenue from investment in bonds
Dr Cash 7,000,000
Dr Discount on bonds 200,000
Cr Interest revenue 7,200,000
Discount on bonds = ($160,000,000 x 4.5%) - ($200,000,000 x 3.5%) = $7,200,000 - $7,000,000 = $200,000
2. Prepare any additional journal entry necessary for Tanner-UNF to report its investment in the December 31, 2018, balance sheet.
Investment in bonds HTM = $200,000,000 (face value) - $39,800,000 (discount on bonds) = $160,200,000
Changes in the market value of bonds held to maturity are not considered by the company.
4. Suppose Moody's bond rating agency downgraded the risk rating of the bonds motivating Tanner-UNF to sell the investment on January 2, 2019, for $310.0 million. Prepare the journal entry to record the sale.
Dr Cash 150,000,000
Dr Dr Discount on bonds 39,800,000
Dr Loss on investment in bonds HTM 10,200,000
Cr Investment in bonds HTM 200,000,000
The main goal of monetary policy is to shift Choose one or more: A. aggregate demand. B. short-run aggregate supply. C. long-run aggregate supply.
Answer: aggregate demand
Explanation:
Monetary policy, is the demand side of an economic policy that is used by the government through the central bank in order to control the money supply that is available in the economy so as to achieve macroeconomic goals that will bring about economic growth.
The main goal of monetary policy is to shift the aggregate demand. Increase or decrease in money supply can either shift the aggregate demand to the right or to the left depending on whether the government wants to use the expansionary or the contractionary method.
The sales budget for Perrier Inc. is forecasted as follows:
Month Sales Revenue
May $130,000
June 150,000
July 200,000
August 130,000
To prepare a cash budget, the company must determine the budgeted cash collections from sales. Historically, the following trend has been established regarding cash collection of sales: 60 percent in the month of sale. 20 percent in the month following sale. 15 percent in the second month following sale.
5 percent uncollectible.
60 percent in the month of sale.
20 percent in the month following sale.
15 percent in the second month following sale.
The company gives a 2 percent cash discount for payments made by customers during the month of sale. The accounts receivable balance on April 30 is $22,000, of which $7,000 represents uncollected March sales and $15,000 represents uncollected April sales. Prepare a schedule of budgeted cash collections from sales for May, June, and July. Include a three-month summary of estimated cash collections.
Answer:
budgeted cash collections
May June July
sales revenue 130,000 150,000 200,000
cash sales (60% x 0.98) 76,440 88,200 117,600
accounts receivable (March) 5,250
accounts receivable (April) 7,500 5,625
accounts receivable (May) 26,000 19,500
accounts receivable (June) 30,000
total cash collections 219,190 269,825 367,100
I used net accounts receivables, that means I already discounted the 5% of collectibles.
An investor has sold short stock worth $20,000 in a margin account, depositing the Regulation T margin requirement. If the market value of the stock falls to $16,000, what is the Selling Power in the account
Answer:
The selling power in the account is $20,000.
Explanation:
Credit - Short market value = Equity %
Sale $20,000 $20,000
Margin $10,000 $10,000
Total $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 50%
If the market value falls to $16,000, the account will show;
Credit - Short market value = Equity %
$30,000 $16,000 $14,000
To support a $16,000 stock position at 50% margin, equity of $8,000 is required. Since the account has $14,000 of equity, the excess of $10,000 may be borrowed and it's the
SMA amount. With $10,000 of SMA amount, twice this amount may be purchased or sold short in other marginal securities.
The manufacturers of several designer purses have met and agreed not to sell their purses to Jolie's Department Store because of Jolie's practice of discounting all items 20 percent below the retail costs at other stores. The manufacturers are concerned about maintaining their images of exclusivity and quality. The agreement among the manufacturers:
Answer:
b. violates the Sherman Act because it is a boycott.
Explanation:
Since the manufacturers have decided to team boycott the Jolie's Department Store, the Sherman Act is also known as the form of civil conspiracy by just not selling their immoral and also unconstitutional and violet hand bags to them.
Hence, the correct option is b as it violates the Sherman act
Therefore all the other options are wrong
g "At the current exchange rate of $1.40 per British pound, a one-day pass to Worldwide Theme Park of Florida sells for 54 pounds at travel agencies throughout Great Britain. If the exchange rate increases to $1.70 per pound, what will happen to the price of a one-day pass sold in Great Britain?"
Answer:
The price will fall to 44.47 pounds
Explanation:
Calculation for what will happen to the price of a one-day pass sold in Great Britain
Using this formula for the First step
Sales pounds × Current exchange rate
54 pounds x $1.40 = $75.6
Second step
75.6/Increase in exchange rate of $1.70
= 44.47 pounds
Therefore the price will fall to 44.47 pounds
Watters Umbrella Corp. issued 20-year bonds 2 years ago at a coupon rate of 6.4 percent. The bonds make semiannual payments. If these bonds currently sell for 110 percent of par value, what is the YTM
Answer:
2.78%
Explanation:
The YTM formula is:
YTM = {coupon + [(face value - market value)/n]} / [(face value + market value)/2]
coupon = $32face value = $1,000market value = $1,000 x 110 = $1,100n = 18 x 2 = 36YTM = {$32 + [($1,000 - $1,100)/36]} / [($1,000 + $1,100)/2] = $29.222 / $1,050 = 2.78%
Formal proposals are different from informal proposals in that they are used to respond to large projects and are therefore often longer. Formal proposals contain special components in addition to the six basic components of informal proposals.
a. True
b. False
You have just taken out a $ 23 comma 000 car loan with a 4 % APR, compounded monthly. The loan is for five years. When you make your first payment in one month, how much of the payment will go toward the principal of the loan and how much will go toward interest? (Note: Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than six decimal places.)
Answer:
Interest = $75.90
Principal = $347.64
Explanation:
First find the payment that is required per month. It will be an Annuity payment as the present value of the loan is given.
The loan is for 5 years compounded monthly so period is;
= 5 years * 12 months
= 60
Interest = 4/12
Present Value of Annuity= Payment * (1 - (1 + r) ^ -n)/r
23,000 = Payment * (1 - ( 1 + 4/12%) ^ -⁶⁰)/ 4/12%
23,000 = Payment * 54.304
Payment = 23,000/54.304
= $423.54
Interest Payment is;
= 4/12% * 23,000
= $75.90
Amount going towards Principal;
= 423.54 - 75.90
= $347.64
Knowledge Check 01 Assume that salaried employees of Mayer, Inc., earn 2 weeks of vacation per year. The salaried employees accrue a total of $160 each pay period. Mayer's first payroll of the year is on January 7. Prepare the January 7 journal entry for Mayer by selecting the account names from the drop-down menus and entering the dollar amounts in the debit or credit columns.
Answer:
Vacation Benefits Expense $160
To Vacation Benefits Payable $160
Explanation:
The journal entry is shown below:
Vacation Benefits Expense $160
To Vacation Benefits Payable $160
(Being vacation pay expense is recorded)
For recording this we debited the vacation benefits expense as it increased the expense and credited the vacation benefit payable as it also increased the liabilities
Lincoln Restaurants reported net income in 2019 of $48.10 million and depreciation expense of $51.00 million. It also reported additions to property and equipment of $165.10 million. Using the indirect method of preparing the statement of cash flows, how will these items impact the 2019 statement of cash flows
Answer and Explanation:
The impact of each item is as follows
Net income reported = shown in the operating activities
Depreciation expense = added to the net income and shown in the operating activities
Additions to the property and equipment = Since there is an addition that means the property and equipment are purchased so it would be shown in the investing activities under the negative sign as it is cash outflow
The implication of the expectations theory that expected returns for a holding period must be the same for bonds of different maturities depends on the assumption that________.
1. Yiels curves usually slope downward
2. Yiels curves usually slope downward
3. Instruments with different maturities are perfect subtitute
4. Savers are usually risk averse
Answer:
i think the answer is intruments with different matuirties are perfect subtitute. i'm not sure but i think this is the answer.
Explanation:
Henri earned a salary of $50,000 in 2001 and $70,000 in 2006. The consumer price index was 177 in 2001 and 265.5 in 2006. Henri's 2006 salary in 2001 dollars is
Answer:
Henri's 2006 salary in 2001 dollars =$46,666.66
Explanation:
A rise in the price index implies inflation
Inflation is the increase in the general price level. Inflation erodes the value of money.
This price index is the weighted average price of a basket of goods and services consumed by a typical consumer. It is used to measure the rate of inflation.
So we can determine the salary in the base year value as follows:
2006 Salary in the base year terms=
CPI base year/CPI in the current year × salary in the current year
CPI base year- 177, CPI in the current yea- 256.5,
Salary in the current year - 70,000
Henri 2006 Salary in 2001 Dollar
=177/265.5 ×70,000/265.5 = 46,666.66
Henri's 2006 salary in 2001 dollars =$46,666.66
Nordstrom, Inc. operates department stores in numerous states. Suppose selected financial statement data (in millions) for 2014 are presented below.
End of Year Beginning of Year
Cash and cash equivalents $ 795 $ 72
Accounts receivable (net) 2,035 1,942
Inventory 898 900
Other current assets 326 303
Total current assets $4,054 $3,217
Total current liabilities $2,014 $1,601
For the year, net credit sales were $8,258 million, cost of goods sold was $5,328 million, and net cash provided by operating activities was $1,251 million.
Instructions:
Compute the current ratio, current cash debt coverage, accounts receivable turnover, average collection period, inventory turnover, and days in inventory at the end of the current year.
Answer:Please see explanation for answers
Explanation:
A) Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Total Current Assets = $4,054million
Total Current Liabilities = $2,014million
Current Ratio = 4,054 / 2,014 = 2.01 : 1
B. Current Cash Debt Coverage Ratio = Cash flow Provided by Operating Activities / Average Current Liabilities
Average Current Liabilities = 2,014 + 1,601= 3,615 / 2 = $1,807.5
Current Cash Debt Coverage Ratio = 1,251 / 1,807.5 = 0.6921
C. Accounts receivable Turnover = Net Sales / Average Accounts Receivables
Average Account Receivable = 2,035 + 1,942= 3,977 / 2 = $1,988.50million
Net Sales = $8,258million
Account Receivable Turnover = 8,258million / 1,988.50million = 4.15 Times
D. Average Collection Period: 365 / Account Receivable Turnover
Average Collection Period = 365 / 4.15 = 87.95 Days
E. Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
Cost of Goods Sold = 5,328million ,
Average Inventory = 898 + 900 =1,798 / 2 = 899
Inventory Turnover = 5,328 / 899 = 5.93 Times
F. Days in Inventory = 365 / Inventory Turnover Ratio
Days in Inventory = 365 / 5.93 = 61.55 Days
g "Which philosophy in setting budgeted amounts assumes both the complete elimination of inefficiencies and a level of absolute efficiency?"
Answer:
The total quality management approach
Explanation:
This philosophy is the total quality management approach.
Total quality management has to do with the efforts to enforce and make sustainable climate where employees can continuous to improve their ability to provide on demand products and give those services that customers perceive to be of particular value when they demand for them.
Company A is a manufacturer with current sales of $3,700,000 and a 60% contribution margin. Its fixed costs equal $1,810,000. Company B is a consulting firm with current service revenues of $3,800,000 and a 20% contribution margin. Its fixed costs equal $330,000.Compute the degree of operating leverage (DOL) for each company.Identify which company benefits more from a 20% increase in sales.Company ACompany B
Answer:
Company A 5.41
Company B 1.76
Company A benefits more from a 20% increase in sales.
Explanation:
The computation of the degree of operating leverage is shown below:-
Particulars Company A Company B
Sales $3,700,000 $3,800,000
Less:
Variable cost $1,480,000 $3,040,000
($3,700,000 × 40%) ($3,800,000 × 80%)
Contribution
margin $2,220,000 $760,000
($3,700,000 × 60%) ($3,800,000 × 80%)
Less:
Fixed cost $1,810,000 $330,000
Pretax income $410,000 $430,000
After this we need to go further so that we can find out the degree of operating leverage For both company
For Company A
= Contribution margin ÷ Pretax income
= $2,220,000 ÷ $410,000
= 5.41
For company B
= Contribution margin ÷ Pretax income
= $760,000 ÷ $430,000
= 1.76
So, from the above calculation we can see that Company A is higher than Company B.
Inventory records for Dunbar Incorporated revealed the following: Date Transaction Number of Units Unit Cost Apr. 1 Beginning inventory 470 $ 2.37 Apr. 20 Purchase 410 2.72 Dunbar sold 580 units of inventory during the month. Ending inventory assuming FIFO would be:
Answer:
Ending inventory= $816
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Apr. 1 Beginning inventory 470 $2.37
Apr. 20 Purchase 410 $2.72
Dunbar sold 580 units of inventory during the month.
To calculate the ending inventory under the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method, we need to use the cost of the last units incorporated into inventory.
Units in ending inventory= 880 - 580= 300
Ending inventory= 300*2.72= $816
Common Stockholders' Profitability Analysis A company reports the following:
net income : $375,000
Preferred dividends : 75,000
Average stockholders' equity 2,500,000
Average common stockholders' equity : 1,875,000
Determine :
(a) the rate earned on stockholders' equity
(b) the rate earned on common stockholders' equity.
Answer:
(A) Rate earned on stockholder's equity=15%
(B) Rate earned on common stockhloder's equity= 16%
Explanation:
A company reports the following profitability analysis
Net income of $375,000
Preferred dividend of $75,000
Average stockhloder's equity of $2,500,000
Average common stockhloder's equity of $1,875,000
(A) The rate earned on stockholder's equity can be calculated as follows
= Net income/Average stockholders equity
= $375,000/$2,500,000
= 0.15×100
= 15%
(B) The rate earned on common stock holder's equity can be calculated as follows
= Net income-Preferred dividend/Average common equity
= $375,000-$75,000/$1,875,000
= $300,000/$1,875,000
= 0.16×100
= 16%
Hence the rate earned on stockholder's equity and common stockhloder's equity is 15% and 16% respectively.
Your firm has net income of $260 on total sales of $1,160. Costs are $650 and depreciation is $110. The tax rate is 35 percent. The firm does not have interest expenses. What is the operating cash flow
Answer:
The answer is $650
Explanation:
Net income = $260
Total sales = $1,160
Costs = $650
Depreciation = $110
Earnings before Interest and tax(EBIT) =
Total sales - Cost - depreciation
$1,160 - $650 - $110
= $400
Tax =[260 ÷ (1 - 0.35)] - 260
$400 - $260
$140
Operating cash flow is therefore,
Earnings before Interest and tax(EBIT) + depreciation + tax
$400 + $110 + $140
= $650
2. Consumption and saving definitions Suppose Ana gets a sales bonus at her place of work that gives her an extra $600 of disposable income. She chooses to spend $480 and save the remaining $120. From this, you can tell that Ana's marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is , and her marginal propensity to save (MPS) is . Mathematically, it must always be true that: Consumption = Therefore, it must also be true that: MPC =
Answer:
From this, you can tell that Ana's marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.80, and her marginal propensity to save (MPS) is 0.20. Mathematically, it must always be true that: Consumption = Therefore, it must also be true that: MPC = 1 - MPS.
Explanation:
Marginal propensity to consume refers to amount that a household decides to spend of every extra dollar that they earn. Since you either spend or save money, the marginal propensity to save is the portion that you decided not to spend, and therefore, save.
You short-sell 600 shares of Rock Creek Fly Fishing Co., now selling for $38 per share. If you want to limit your loss to $3,600, you should place a stop-buy order at ___.A. A. $32.00 B. $38.00 C. $44.00 D. $64.00
Answer:
$44.00
Explanation:
You are required to find where to place a stop-buy order
Amount received from short sale
= 600 x $38
= $22,800
Loss = $3,600 = 600p - 22,800
=3,600 + 22800 = 600p
26400 = 600p
P = 26400/600
P = $44.00
you should place a stop-buy order at $44.00
Job 303 includes direct materials costs of $550 and direct labor costs of $400. If the predetermined overhead allocation rate is 40% of direct labor cost, what is the total cost assigned to Job 303
Answer:
180
Explanation: Divide 550 and 400 and equal 40% over x
Units-of-Output DepreciationA tractor acquired at a cost of $420,000 has an estimated residual value of $30,000, has an estimated useful life of 25,000 hours, and was operated 1,850 hours during the year. Determine the following. If required, round your answer for the depreciation rate to two decimal places.(a) The depreciable cost $ (b) The depreciation rate $ per hour(c) The units-of-output depreciation for the year $
Answer:
a. $390,000
b. $15.6
c. $28,860
Explanation:
depreciable cost = cost of asset - salvage value = $420,000 - $30,000 = $390,000
(b) The depreciation rate $ per hour = depreciable cost / estimated useful life = $390,000 / 25,000 = $15.6
The units-of-output depreciation for the year = $15.6 x 1,850 hours = $28,860
Identify the internal control weakness in the following situations. State how the person can hurt the company.
A. Jerry Miller works as a security guard at ALTEX parking in Denver. Miller has a master key to the cash box where commuters pay for parking. Each night Miller prepares the cash report that shows (a) the number of cars that parked on the lot and (b) the day’s cash receipts. Sandra Covington, the ALTEX treasurer, checks Miller’s figures by multiplying the number of cars by the parking fee per car. Covington then deposits the cash in the bank.
B. Sharon Fisher is the purchasing agent for Manatee Golf Equipment. Fisher prepares purchase orders based on requests from division managers of the company. Fisher faxes the purchase order to suppliers who then ship the goods to Manatee. Fisher receives each incoming shipment and checks it for agreement with the purchase order and the related invoice. She then routes the goods to the respective division managers and sends the receiving report and the invoice to the accounting department for payment.
C. The external auditor for Mattson Financial Services takes a global view of the audit. To form his professional opinion of Mattson’s financial statements, the auditor runs no tests of Mattson’s financial statements or of the underlying transactions. Instead, the auditor computes a few ratios and compares the current-year ratio values to the ratio values a year ago. If the ratio values appear reasonable, the auditor concludes that Mattson’s financial statements are okay.
Answer:
Identification of the Internal Control Weaknesses:
A. There is no segregation of duties and there is lack of access control. Jerry Miller as a security guard is not expected to have a master key to the cash box. With this he can pilfer the cash. If he prepares the report that shows the number of cars that parked on the lot, he is not supposed to also prepare the day's cash receipts. Otherwise, he can state any number of cars as parked that he likes, and which corresponds to the cash he might leave in the Cash box since he also has a master key.
B. There is no segregation of duties and there is lack of supervision, proper reconciliations, and assets audit. Sharon Fisher handles purchase transactions from the beginning to the close all alone with a third party. This exposes the company to procurement frauds and collusion with suppliers. She can purchase assets for the company at prices that would enrich her personally.
C. Forming an audit opinion on the basis of ratio analysis of last year's comparative financial statements exposes the company to audit risks. While ratio analysis is part of the basis for forming audit opinions, it is surely not the first audit procedure to obtain audit evidence to support his audit opinion on the financial statements. An auditor is expected to obtain sufficient audit evidence and perform audit substantive tests of financial statement assertions. He or she is also expected to review the internal control system to ensure that it is operating effectively after establishing its existence and reviewing changes in internal controls.
Explanation:
Internal Controls are controls established by management in order to help it achieve business goals. There are many internal controls, including Separation of Duties, Access Controls , Authorization and Approvals, Asset Audits, Reconciliations, and Data Backups. The purposes of internal controls are to establish the reliability of financial reporting, ensure timely feedback on the achievement of operational or strategic goals, and achieve compliance with financial management laws, and accounting regulations.