Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to disability, a poor quality of life, or even a deadly heart attack or stroke.
What are people with uncontrolled hypertension at risk of developing?A major risk factor for chronic diseases like stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease is high blood pressure, sometimes referred to as hypertension.
What are symptoms of uncontrolled hypertension?Early morning headaches, nosebleeds, abnormal heart rhythms, eyesight abnormalities, and ear buzzing are just a few of the symptoms that can appear. Fatigue, nauseousness, vomiting, bewilderment, anxiety, chest pain, and trembling of the muscles are all symptoms of severe hypertension.
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upon arrival at the home of a woman in labor, a midwife on scene tells you the patient is 7 cm dilated and is complaining of painful contractions. which stage of labor should the emt identify?
A midwife on the scene informs you upon your arrival at a patient's residence that the lady is 7 cm developed and complains of severe contractions. The emt should determine the first stage of labor.
What does the word "patient" mean?The skill to wait politely or endure hardship for a protracted long period without getting irritated or impatient is referred to as "patience" as a noun. The plural version of the term "patient," however—"patients"—designates a someone who receives medical attention.
Patient: Does it have two meanings?Both the words "diligence" and "patients" have quite different meanings while sharing a similar sound. The skill to wait or suffer adversity for a protracted period of time or become upset is referred to as "patience." The plural of the noun "patient," which refers a term used to refer to someone who receives medical care.
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the nurse is monitoring a newborn born to a client who abuses alcohol. which finding should the nurse expect to note when assessing this newborn?
Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterised by craniofacial anomalies, intrauterine growth restriction, cardiac abnormalities, aberrant palmar creases, and respiratory difficulty in neonates.
What typical findings can be seen in a newborn assessment?Size, macrocephaly or microcephaly, changes in skin colour, deformities, indications of respiratory distress, degree of alertness, posture, tone, the existence of spontaneous movements, and symmetry of movements should all be checked during the normal newborn screening.
Due to the lack of a blood test or other medical test for FASD, diagnosis might be challenging. The doctor will diagnose the kid by examining their signs and symptoms and by finding out whether the mother consumed alcohol when she was pregnant. FASDs are chronic. FASDs cannot be cured, although therapies can be beneficial.
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the nurse applies a transdermal patch of fentanyl for a client with pain due to cancer of the pancreas. the client puts the call light on 1 hour later and tells the nurse that it has not helped. what is the best response by the nurse?
I'll give you something to relieve the discomfort now because it will take the meditation between twelve and 18 hours to start working.
What is referred to as medication?Medicines are substances or chemicals that treat, halt, or prevent illness, lessen symptoms, or aid inside the diagnosis of illness. Doctors can now save and treat numerous diseases thanks to modern medicine. Today, there are many places to get medications.
A full medication list is what?The listing should include the medication's name, dosage, and recommended number of daily doses. Include instructions on how to take this medication as a tablet, a shot, or with or without food. Include any allergies you may have.
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the following conditions either predispose to hyperbilirubinemia or reflect a condition that can cause hyperbilirubinemia. which do you identify in meghan's medical record? select all that apply.
Meghan is required to identify medical records such as ABO mismatch, breastfeeding, and Mediterranean ethnicity.
What is hyperbilirubinemia?
A disease called hyperbilirubinemia occurs when a baby's blood contains an excessive amount of bilirubin. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the decomposition of red blood cells.Because bilirubin is difficult for babies to get rid of, it can accumulate in the blood as well as other bodily tissues and fluids.
What are the terms needed to identify in a medical record?
Newborns who are breastfed are more likely to get jaundice than infants who are fed formula. Jaundice is more prevalent among children born to parents with Mediterranean heritage.When there is too much bilirubin in the baby's blood, hyperbilirubinemia occurs. Jaundice affects around 60% of neonates who are full-term and 80% of preterm infants. The most typical sign is the yellowing of the baby's skin and eye whites. When the child's biliary symptoms initially appear, this has an impact.
Hence, Meghan is required to identify medical records such as ABO mismatch, breastfeeding, and Mediterranean ethnicity.
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a client who has aids is being treated in the hospital and admits to having periods of extreme anxiety. what would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?
The qualified nursing treatment for a patient with aids who is receiving treatment at a hospital who admits to having bouts of intense worry is HIV encephalopathy.
What is intervention with example?A person seeking to help might intervene by placing something between other things. When your teachers call your family about the poor grades you've been hiding, you can be the topic of a school intervention.
What are simple interventions?Simple interventions take place when one person, most frequently a buddy or family member, addresses the person who has a drug use disorder in a safe setting. If a professional was consulted before the intervention is carried out, the individual carrying it out will be more successful.
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a chronic degenerative disease of the brain indicated by hand tremors, rigidity, and shuffling gait is known as
a chronic degenerative disease of the brain indicated by hand tremors, rigidity, and shuffling gait is known as Parkinson's disease.
What is the other name for Parkinson's disease?
for a persistent brain condition characterized by rigidity, stumbling stride, and hand tremors is referred to as
Parkinson disease, also known as primary parkinsonism, paralysis agitans, or idiopathic parkinsonism, is a degenerative neurological condition that manifests as tremor, muscle rigidity, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), and postural instability.
Is Parkinson's disease Alzheimer's?Progressive brain illnesses like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's are brought on by slow cell death in the brain. There are distinct stages, symptoms, and therapies for each of these ailments. Alzheimer's illness is always accompanied by dementia. Dementia may develop as a result of Parkinson's disease, a movement illness.
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which lifestyle change would the nurse instruct the patient to implement in order to successfully manage diabetes mellitus
Cut back on your alcohol consumption. Your life should include daily exercise. Reduce your carbohydrate intake. These are the lifestyle recommendations that the nurse should give to the patient..
What is a mellitus diabetes?Diabetes mellitus is a group of ailments that alter how the body uses blood sugar. Glucose is a major energy source for the cells that make up the muscles and tissues. It acts as the brain's main source of fuel. Each form of diabetes has a different primary aetiology. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition where blood glucose levels are not properly controlled. Type 1, type 2, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), gestational diabetes, neonatal diabetes, and steroid-induced diabetes are only a few of its many subclassifications. Type 1 and type 2 are the two main subtypes of DM; each has a different etiology, presentation, and therapy, though both can lead to hyperglycemia.
What is diabetes?When your body's cells are unable to absorb sugar (glucose) and use it as fuel, diabetes begins to form. As a result, your bloodstream begins to store more sugar.
Mismanagement of diabetes can have serious effects, including harm to your heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, and many other body organs and tissues.
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a client is diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (cvid). when assessing the client for possible infection, what would the nurse identify as a least likely cause?
The least likely cause for immunodeficiency is Option d) that is : Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
What is Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia ?The fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii is the source of the dangerous infection known as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). The majority of PCP users have a medical condition like HIV/AIDS or take medications like corticosteroids that make it harder for their bodies to fight infection and disease.
PCP can affect someone with a weakened immune system. The most typical signs of PCP include chest pain, a rapid onset of fever, coughing, wheezing that frequently gets worse with exertion, a dry cough with little to no mucus, and problems breathing.
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus infections can affect clients with CVID. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia opportunistic infections are exclusively encountered in patients who also have a concurrent T-lymphocyte immunity deficit.
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the nurse is caring for clients on a neurological intensive care unit. which client should be assessed first? question 6 options: the client recovering from a motor vehicle accident (mva) diagnosed with increased intracranial pressure whose glasgow coma scale (gcs) went from 11 to 14 the quadriplegic client diagnosed with a c-6 sci who has bradycardia, hypotension, and hyperflexia the client with a brainstem herniation whose big tow moves toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked the 20-year-old client diagnosed with west nile virus who has a temperature of 101.2f and generalized body aches
The person with a coma score of six and a traumatic brain injury.
What brings someone to the Neuro ICU?The patients in the Neuro ICU have serious brain tumours, strokes, or traumas, and many of them have recently had neurosurgery. These may involve the placement of various invasive brain monitoring devices, craniotomies for injuries, the repair of cerebral aneurysms, or the removal of tumours.
What does neurocritical mean?The medical specialty of neurocritical care treats patients who have suffered from or are at risk for severe, acute nerve system injuries.
The neuro ICU is how long?If your loved one has a possibility of recovery, it is likely that they will spend several weeks in the neuro ICU.
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a client has just received stem cell transplantation as treatment for leukemia. what are the post procedural nursing interventions for clients receiving any form of stem cell transplantation?
Certain examinations are necessary prior to a stem cell transplant procedure. These consist of a bone marrow biopsy, a chest X-ray, a PET scan, cardio tests, and blood testing.
Which bone is extracted for the bone marrow?A pelvic bone is frequently utilized for a bone marrow biopsy, however another bone, such as the breastbone, may also be used. A child's leg bone or a vertebral bone in the spine may be used.
What kind of preparatory therapy is required before a bone marrow transplant?You will take chemotherapy (with or without radiation) to get your body ready to receive the cells on transplant day. This is referred to as the conditioning or preparative regimen. You will receive chemotherapy (chemo) through your central line as part of the preparative regimen.
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when caring for a client with an acute exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, the nurse finds the client doubled up in bed with severe pain in the right shoulder. what is the initial appropriate action by the nurse?
Check the client's vital signs and abdomen. Sudden, excruciating upper abdominal pain is one of the symptoms of perforation.
When is stomach pain a medical emergency?Obtain emergency medical attention if the agony is sudden, intense, or does not go away in 30 minutes. Though it can also be caused by a benign condition like gallstones, sudden abdominal discomfort is frequently a sign of a serious intra-abdominal disease like a perforated ulcer or a torn abdominal aneurysm.
Is stomach ache ever normal?While not typical, stomach pain is not always significant and frequently goes away on its own. However, some types of stomach pain may be an indication of a serious medical condition, so it's crucial to be aware of the symptoms that may point to an underlying issue needing medical attention, advises the Mayo Clinic.
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an infant with the diagnosis of exstrophy of the bladder undergoes surgery to close the defect. what must the nurse include in the discharge teaching for the parents?
the nurse include in the discharge teaching for the parents is sponge baths are given to prevent infection from bathwater.
What is bladder exstrophy ?An accidental discovery of bladder exstrophy occurs during a regular prenatal scan. With ultrasound or MRI, it can be more accurately diagnosed before delivery. The following are symptoms of bladder exstrophy detected by imaging tests:
bladder that doesn't properly fill or empty,a low-lying umbilical cord on the abdomen, divided pubic bones, which are a portion of the hipbones and the pelvis, larger than average genitals.
How Exstrophy Bladder Repair is performed ?There are two main surgical techniques that the doctor can employ to treat bladder exstrophy. They consist of;Complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy (CPRE), Modern staged repair of bladder exstrophy (MSRE).
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the student nurse is presenting a clinical conference regarding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in children. which information should the student include?
The student nurse should include the information stating that one cannot spread HIV by simply hugging, holding, or touching other people. HIV commonly spreads by unprotected intimate contacts, usage of infected needles, etc.
What is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?Our immune system's ability to fight off other illnesses is hampered by HIV's infection via cellular apoptosis. They eventually lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which the immune system gradually fails, allowing malignancies and life-threatening opportunistic infections to proliferate.
Our immune system's CD4 cells, also known as helper T cells, are infected by HIV. The white blood cell count will decline as a result of it destroying CD4 cells.
HIV stands out to be a retrovirus. All viruses enter our cells and use the machinery to multiply by duplicating themselves. In addition to using our cells to reproduce itself, HIV also inserts its genetic code into our DNA.
How is HIV spread?HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles for illicit substances or injections, coming into touch with contaminated blood, or from mother to child when pregnant, giving birth, or nursing.
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the nurse is caring for a client admitted with heart failure. which prescriptions would necessitate that the nurse seek clarification from the primary healthcare provider?
1. 20.0 mg of oral furosemide daily.
2. 5 mg p.o. of rosuvastatin
3. Digoxin 0.125 mg PO for three doses every eight hours.
4. 1 mg per day of folic acid.
5. 1000 IU of heparin subcutaneously every day.
You probably initially thought, "What medications shouldn't be provided to this customer," when you first read this question. Right? Yes, that is what I first believed. But consider your possibilities. If the primary healthcare provider's instructions are not followed, some of these prescriptions may be written erroneously and result in a medication error. This concerns safety. Choose the choices you need to discuss with your primary healthcare practitioner.
Option 1: It is true. You'd better make this one clear! For doses expressed as whole numbers, a trailing zero should not come after the decimal point. If the decimal point is not visible, it can be taken for 200.
Option 2: No further explanation is required. This drug is a statin and is worded correctly.
Option 3: This digoxin prescription doesn't need to be clarified. It is properly written.
Option 4: Yes, this prescription needs to be clarified. Clarification is required because the folic acid order is missing a pathway.
Option 5: You should definitely make this clear. Heparin 1,000 units subcutaneously daily should be written on the prescription for the drug. For dosage units at or above 1,000, use commas or words like "1,000" to make the text easier to read. Since IU (International units) can be misread as IV or 10, use units instead.
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an admitting nurse is assessing a client with copd. the nurse auscultates diminished breath sounds, which signify changes in the airway. these findings indicate to the nurse to monitor the client for what?
The nurse should monitor client with COPD for Dyspnea and hypoxemia
The nurse must keep an eye out for dyspnea and hypoxemia as a result of these alterations in the patient's airway. A musculoskeletal issue is kyphosis. Pneumothorax and sepsis are unusual consequences. Compared to bradypnea, tachypnea is far more likely. Dyspnea can be treated by pursed lip breathing.
The term "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease," or COPD, refers to a range of illnesses that impair breathing and impede airways. Emphysema and persistent bronchitis are among them. For the 16 million Americans with COPD, breathing becomes difficult.
In around 9 out of every 10 cases, smoking is regarded to be the primary cause of COPD. The lining of the lungs and airways can get damaged by the toxic compounds in smoke. Quitting smoking can help stop the deterioration of COPD.
COPD is a collection of lung conditions that impair breathing by obstructing airflow.
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quizle twhen billing for a clia-waived test in a physician’s office for a medicare beneficiary, what must be done to bill that lab test appropriately? a. there are no special billing requirements for clia waived tests. b. modifier ga should be appended to cpt code® for the lab test. c. modifier qw should be appended to the cpt® code for the lab test. d. an abn must be signed every time.
Check the modifier To the CPT® code for the lab test, QW should be included.
When should you use the qualifier QW?Modifier When a diagnostic lab service is designated with the letter QW, it means that the test has been exempted from the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) and that the provider is in possession of at least a Certificate of Waiver. To do clinical laboratory tests legally, the practitioner must obtain a certificate.
What does a CLIA waiver for a test mean exactly?testing exemption. CLIA defines waived tests as straightforward examinations with little chance of producing a false positive. They comprise: A few of the tests stated in the CLIA rules. FDA-approved tests for use at home.
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a 32-year-old woman complains of a band-like pressure around her forehead that radiates down to the back of her neck. these headaches occur twice a week on average and last for approximately 1 hour in duration. her neurological exam is within normal limits and she has no other associated symptoms. what is the best initial abortive treatment?
The discomfort radiates "cape-like" along the lateral and medial trapezius muscles, which encompass the shoulders, in its most severe form.
The trapezius muscles are what?The trapezius muscle is thick and shallow in the back and resembles a trapezoid. It extends laterally to the backbone of the scapula and downward from the external tubercle of the crown area towards the lower thoracic vertebrae. Top, middle, and lower groupings of fibers make form the trapezius.
How can a stiff trapezius muscle be loosened?Keep your hands close to the back of your body and raise your clenched fists as high as possible while bending your elbows. Hold for two counts. While keeping your fists clinched, raise your arms out into a comfortable position.
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a patient with seasonal allergies has told the nurse that a colleague recommended pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (sudafed) as a means of controlling signs and symptoms. the nurse should be aware that this drug provides relief for many patients but adverse effects include a risk of:
The physician should be informed that although this medication offers many patients relief, it also carries the risk of anxiety as one of its side effects.
What is anxiety?Anxiety is when we are concerned, anxious, or afraid of something that will happen, or that we think might happen, in the future. When they feel a threat on their safety, humans inherently experience anxiety. It is something that we can sense, consider, and actually experience.
What is the main factor causing anxiety?The onset of anxiety disorders is typically triggered by traumatic beginning in childhood life, adolescence, or adulthood. Children under the age of eight are more vulnerable to the impacts from stress and trauma. One event that may trigger anxiety problems is abuse, either or emotionally.
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a client has been prescribed a decongestant. the nurse identifies that the client has a diagnosis of glaucoma. which nursing intervention would the nurse implement after identifying the client’s diagnosis of glaucoma?
The client's diagnostic of glaucoma, which is high eye pressure brought on by an accumulation of the aqueous fluid that permeates it inside your eye, should be communicated to your main healthcare physician.
Describe glaucoma.A collection of eye conditions known as glaucoma can result in loss of vision by harming the optic nerve, a nerve located at the back of the eye. You may not detect the symptoms at first because they can appear gradually.
What causes glaucoma primarily?Injury to the retina, which results in loss of visual field, is the cause of the chronic, progressive eye illness known as glaucoma. Eye pressure is among the key risk factors. Fluid can accumulate due to a problem with the drainage system in the eye.
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the nurse is assessing the breasts of a caucasian woman who has just been diagnosed with paget disease. what would the nurse expect to find?
The patient is situated facing the examiner as the examiner does a visual examination of the breasts first. In addition to raising their hands over their heads, the patient is taught to place their hands on their hips.
Which patient has the greatest chance of developing breast cancer?Being a woman and getting older are the two key factors that affect your risk. Most breast cancers are discovered in women 50 years of age or older.
The glands called lobules produce breast milk. The term "lobular cancer" refers to malignancies that develop here. Small channels called ducts protrude from the lobules and transport milk to the nipple. This is where breast cancer usually first appears.
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a nurse working in a health clinic assesses sleep patterns during each health assessment. based upon the nurse's knowledge regarding sleep needs, the nurse recognizes which age group as generally needing the least amount of sleep?
The nurse is aware that older folks typically require less sleep. Adults actually need approximately the same amount of sleep, but their changing bodies, can be challenging to obtain the rest they require.
What are the three effects of sleep deprivation?Numerous negative health impacts, such as an elevated risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, heart attack, and stroke, have been linked to the cumulative effects of sleep deprivation and sleep disorders.
What effects does depression have on a person?Depression can cause people to withdraw and lose interest in activities that usually make them happy. They could isolate themselves from friends and family due to intense despair, guilt, or hopelessness as well as persistent weariness.
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the client reports pain at the iv insertion site while vancomycin is infusing. the nurse notes redness and swelling to the insertion site. which action will the nurse take first?
Hyaluronidase (Wydase®), the most used medication, is administered in tiny doses just beneath the skin.
What program is ideal for nursing?Undoubtedly, the B.sc. Nursing program is superior to general midwives if a person wishes to have a distinguished career in the field of healthcare (GNM). The value of a B.sc. Nursing degree exceeds that of a General Nursing (GNM) programme in terms of job growth, further education, and remuneration.
Can nurses perform surgery?They are already in charge of many aspects of preoperative planning, particularly postoperative care in surgery. Additionally, a lot of surgical nurses working opt to specialize in a certain field, including obstetrics, children's surgery, or heart surgery.
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a 43-year-old man has been diagnosed with active tb. he is prescribed a multiple drug therapy, including inh and rifampin. a priority assessment by the nurse will be to monitor which combination of laboratory test results?
A 43-year-old guy has been identified to have active TB .He is given a prescription for a combination medication. Laboratory test results for serum aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, and alanine transaminase
How long does TB affect a person?If untreated, TB can cause considerable morbidity (disease) in some patients and the death of around 50% of patients inside five years. Ineffective TB treatment can result in drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains that are significantly more challenging to treat. The germ does not always cause people to become ill with active TB illness.
What happens if my TB test is positive?Your medical professional will perform additional tests to determine if you really have TB disease if you respond favorably to the TB blood work or TB skin test. A chest x-ray is frequently part of these tests. In addition, they might test the mucus you cough up.
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question 8 of 20 the nurse is creating a discharge teaching plan for a client with a latex allergy. which information should be included? select all that apply.
The information the nurse must include are : Avoidance of latex-based products, Administration of antihistamines and Administration of emergency epinephrine.
What is latex allergy ?Natural rubber latex, a substance derived from the rubber tree, can cause allergic reactions in people who are sensitive to particular proteins.
Natural rubber latex reactions might be of two primary categories: IgE (immunoglobulin E) mediated (classic immediate allergic reaction) Contact dermatitis (delayed allergic reaction).
Keep latex-containing goods out of your hands, mouth, and reach.
Avoid places where latex may be inhaled (for example, where powdered latex gloves are being used).
A typical immune response to latex is allergic contact dermatitis.
The most frequent immune system response to latex is allergic contact dermatitis.
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the nurse is reviewing the plan of care for several clients who have prescriptions for intravenous medications. the nurse understands that which client is at the highest risk for greater effect of the iv medication?
The nurse understands that it's 73-year-old client diagnosed with liver disease
What is iv medication?
Intravenous means "within a vein."
Most often it refers to giving medicines or fluids through needle or tube inserted into a vein. This allows medicine or fluid to enter your bloodstream right awayDrugs typically given by IV
antibiotics like vancomycin, meropenem, and gentamicin.
antifungal drugs such as micafungin and amphotericin , pain relief medications such as hydromorphone and morphineIdiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an unpredictable and rare event with estimated incidence of 1 per 10,000 to 100,000 treated patients.
Although rare, it can be severe and life threatening, contributing to 13% of cases of acute liver failure in the United States.
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a child with seasonal rhinitis has used budesonide [rhinocort aqua] for several years. the parents are concerned that the child's rate of growth has slowed. what will the nurse do?
Encourage the parents to talk to the provider about utilizing fluticasone (Flonase) for their child, which is suffering from rhinitis.
What is Rhinitis?
Rhinitis is characterized by a stuffy nose and runny nose and is typically brought on by the common cold or a seasonal allergy, is an inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane of the nose.
What is Fluticasone?
It is used to treat allergic and non-allergic nasal symptoms such as runny or stuffy noses, itching, and sneezing that occur during certain seasons and throughout the year. Also, it can aid with allergy eye symptoms like watery, itchy eyes. This medicine is a member of the corticosteroid drug subclass. It functions in your nose to lessen swelling and inhibit the effects of allergens (such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold).
Hence, the nurse will encourage the parents to talk to the provider about utilizing fluticasone (Flonase) for their child, which is suffering from rhinitis.
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vancouver bio-tech company was hired by the us military to develop a cure for ebola. they successfully developed a vaccine to treat the symptoms of the virus and lowered the mortality rate for infected patients. discuss the implications of this on a global scale.
It is not a joint effort with the World Health Organization because the US funded the research, which creates issues with global funding, how to collaborate, and who gets credit when a biotech team from Canada but the US funded the research.
Who created the Ebola medication?The vaccine, which has been licensed to Merck, was created by specialists at the Public Health Agency of Canada. In Phase 1 clinical trials, rVSV-ZEBOV was assessed by NIAID and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR). The results demonstrated that rVSV-ZEBOV is safe and capable of inducing a strong immune response in recipients.
A vaccine was quickly introduced to clinical trial in the field following the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014–2015. But the creation of an Ebola vaccine required significant scientific work from Canada and international cooperation over the course of nearly two decades.
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he wife of a military veteran with ptsd states that her husband developed type 2 diabetes 10 years after returning from combat. there is no history of this disease in either side of the family, and the patient is not overweight and does not have any other risk factors for the disease. consequently, the wife believes the diabetes results from her husband's experience in the military. how would you best respond to her assertion?
The best response to her assertion would be , It is not uncommon for combat veterans to unexplainably develop such conditions like this
What is type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is an impairment in way the body regulates and uses sugar (glucose) as a fuel.
This long-term (chronic) condition results in too much sugar circulating in bloodstream. Eventually, high blood sugar levels can lead to disorders of circulatory, nervous and immune systems.The main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is that type 1 diabetes is genetic condition that often shows up early in life, and type 2 is mainly lifestyle-related and develops over time
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a client has developed hepatic encephalopathy secondary to cirrhosis and is receiving care on the medical unit. the client’s current medication regimen includes lactulose four times daily. what desired outcome should the nurse relate to this pharmacologic intervention?
To lower serum ammonia levels, lactulose (Cephulac) is given. It is ideal to have two or three soft stools each day; this shows that lactulose is working as it should. The patient's appetite, nausea and vomiting signs, or the appearance of blood and mucus in the stool are not addressed by lactulose.
What about lactulose?A laxative called lactulose is used to relieve constipation (difficulty pooing). Hepatic encephalopathy, a disorder brought on by severe liver damage, is treated with it as well. Lactulose is available as a syrup that you ingest.It's available on prescription and to buy from pharmacies.Lactulose causes a bowel movement within 24 to 48 hours of taking it. Neighborhood pharmacy has over-the-counter laxatives that can work more quickly. To enhance the flavor, mix the liquid with milk, juice, or water.About 20% of individuals who take lactulose may have gaseous distention, flatulence, belching, and abdominal pain like cramps. An excessive dosage might cause diarrhea, which may have side effects such fluid loss, hypokalemia, and hypernatremia. Vomiting and nausea have been recorded.Some persons should not use lactulose. Doctor or pharmacist if you've ever experienced an allergic response to lactulose or any other medication so they can make sure it's safe for you. Possess an uncommon health condition where the body is unable to metabolize the sugar galactose.Learn more about lactulose here:
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the nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with cancer about chemotherapy. the nurse tells the client he'll receive an antitumor antibiotic. the nurse knows that this type of medications is:
Cell-cycle nonspecific because hormonal agents and nitrosourea are examples of non-specific medications. Topoisomerase I inhibitors and antimetabolites are examples of medications that are cell-cycle-specific in the S phase.
What occurs throughout chemotherapy?Chemotherapy medications prevent cancer cells from proliferating and dividing normally. The actions of various drugs differ. At various stages of the cell cycle, several medications target cancer cells. Treatment can target all of the body's rapidly dividing cells or only a few particular chemicals or cancer cell components.
Which problem puts the cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy at risk?Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia are the tumors that are most frequently associated with chemotherapy (AML). Sometimes MDS first develops before developing into AML. Leukemia has been linked to chemotherapy more frequently than radiation therapy.
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