A chemist counts the quantity of mercury present in sediment samples collected from three different riverbanks (the source, the midway point, and the mouth).
Who is known as a chemist?A scientist who has received training inside the study of chemistry is known as a chemist (from the Greek chm(a) alchemist; replacing chymist from Latin “ alchemist). Chemists look into the composition and characteristics of stuff.
Is a pharmacist a chemist?A pharmacist is a medical professional who helps prepare, controls, formulates, preserves, distributes, and advises and guides the general public on the proper use of medications to achieve maximum results. They are also referred to as chemists (Commonwealth English), druggists (North American, and, archaically, Commonwealth English) and chemists (Commonwealth English).
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The Calvin cycle is aMultiple Choicelinear pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.cyclic pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.cyclic pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.linear pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.cyclic pathway that produces ATP and three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
The Calvin cycle is a cyclic pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions cycle, the bio synthetic phase, the dark reactions cycle, or the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose.
The Calvin cycle reactions are divided into three major stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and molecule regeneration. The Calvin cycle is also known as the C3 cycle because the first stable compound in the cycle is a three carbon compound (3 phosphoglyceric acid). Calvin's cycle reactions occur in three stages.
Some Calvin cycle reactions necessitate the use of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), an energy transfer compound, and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), a source of hydrogen atoms for reduction reactions. ATP and NADPH are produced during photosynthesis's light-activated reactions.
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The pressure of a gas p(v) varies inversely with the volume of the gas v. The pressure of a gas measures 25kg/cm2 when its volume is 200cm3. Which equation can be used to find the pressure of the gas when the volume is changed?.
The equation that can be used to find the pressure of the gas when the volume is changed is P(v) = 500/v.
How can the amount of gases be determined?An inverted container filled with water can be used to collect the gas produced during a chemical reaction and estimate its volume. Water is forced out of the container by the gas, and the amount of liquid expended serves as a gauge for the gas's volume.
How do gas laws define volume?Boyle's law, which states that the volume of a given quantity of gas held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure under which it is measured, encapsulates this principle.
p(v) = pressure of a gas
v = volume of the gas
P(v) varies inversely with v
let k = constant of proportionality
P(v) = k/v
If P(v) = 25 kg/cm² and v = 200cm²
Therefore,
P(v) = k/v
25 = k / 200
25 × 200 = k
k = 5,000
substitute the value of k into the equation
So, P(v) = 500/v
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What is the density of an aqueous solution that
has a mass of 10.081 g and 12.5 mL?
Answer:
10.081g÷12.5cm³ = 0.806g/cm³
Use the following table to answer the question. Strong acids weak acids weak bases strong bases hbr ch3cooh nh3 naoh hno3 hf nh4oh koh h2so4 hcn ca(oh)2 which of these is a neutral salt? na2so4 nacn kf (nh4)2so4.
Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) is a neutral salt among all given salt.
Salts are formed by the reaction of acid and base. General equation for the generation of salt is given by:
HX + BOH → BX + H2O
Where HX is a Acid and BOH is a base and BX is a salt.
Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) is formed by a reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid which are strong base and acid, respectively. Thus, it is a neutral salt with a pH of 7.
The reaction between the sulphuric acid and the ammonium hydroxide produces ammonium sulphate(Nh4OH). Sulphuric acid is a strong acid and ammonium hydroxide is a weak base. Therefore, the salt formed by ammonium sulphate is acidic.
Potassium fluoride, KF is neither an acid nor a base. It is a basic salt. KF is a salt made from the neutralisation of weak acid (HF) and strong base (KOH). Its pH value is more than 7.
NaCN is neither an acid nor base. It is formed from the neutralisation of a strong base, namely Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and a weak acid, namely Hydrocyanic acid (HCN), however, NaCN is said to be basic salt, due to the formation of OH– radicals when dissolved in aqueous solution.
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Which of the following compounds are ionic compounds?
Answer: Sodium chloride
Lithium iodide
Explanation:ther just are
in a mixture of 1.90 mol of gas, 0.85 mol are nitrogen (n2) molecules. what is the mole fraction of n2 in this mixture?
0.447 is the mole fraction of Nitrogen in this mixture.
mole fraction of nitrogen= moles of nitrogen/total moles
mole fraction of nitrogen=0.85/1.90
mole fraction of nitrogen=0.447
The product of the moles of a component and the total moles of the solution yields a mole fraction, which is a unit of concentration measurement. Because it is a ratio, mole fraction is a unitless statement. The sum of the components of the mole fraction of a solution is one. In a mixture of 1 mol benzene, 2 mol carbon tetrachloride, and 7 mol acetone, the mole fraction of the acetone is 0.7. This is computed by dividing the sum of the moles of acetone in the solution by the total number of moles of the solution's constituents:
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which type of chemical reaction represents the most energetically favorable step in the citric acid cycle?
Steps 3, 4, 6 and 8 are the energetically favoured steps in a citric acid cycle, and in these steps, decarboxylation and Oxidative dehydrogenation reactions are taking place.
What is the Citric acid cycle?
The citric acid cycle, often referred to as the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle is a sequence of chemical reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA, which is obtained from carbs, lipids, and proteins, to release stored energy. Organisms that respire (as opposed to organisms that ferment) use the Krebs cycle to produce energy, either through anaerobic or aerobic respiration. The cycle additionally supplies the reducing agent NADH and precursors of a few amino acids that are needed in a variety of other processes.
What is Oxidative decarboxylation?
In the process of oxidative decarboxylation, a carbon group is removed as a result of oxidation processes, producing carbon dioxide. Many biological activities, like the citric acid cycle, depend on them. It is used three times in the citric acid cycle to produce CO2 and convert NAD+ to NADH. First, pyruvate is transformed into acetyl CoA by a complex of pyruvate dehydrogenases. The enzyme Isocitrate dehydrogenase is then used to convert isocitrate to ketoglutarate, and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is then used to convert ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
Hence, in a citric acid cycle, the chemical reactions which are energetically favoured are oxidative decarboxylation and dehydrogenation.
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this is the chemical formula for methyl tert-butyl ether (the clean-fuel gasoline additive mtbe):a chemical engineer has determined by measurements that there are moles of carbon in a sample of methyl tert-butyl ether. how many moles of oxygen are in the sample?be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits
The Number of moles required for MTBE is 2 as per molarity based chemistry theories.
A flammable liquid with a distinct, unpleasant smell is called methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Since the 1980s, it has been added to unleaded gasoline as a fuel additive to promote more effective burning. It is created by mixing chemicals like isobutylene and methanol. Gallstones can be removed with MTBE as well. In this type of treatment, surgically inserted special tubes are used to deliver MTBE directly to the gall bladders of the patients. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a colorless liquid with a distinct anesthetic-like smell. Vapors are narcotic and heavier than air. 131 °F boiling point. 18 °F is the flash point. It is miscible in water and less dense than water. Boosts the octane of gasoline.Therefore it has 2 moles of oxygen.To study about isobutylene -
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draw the electron dot formula for silicon disulfide, sis2. how many nonbonding electron pairs are in a silicon disulfide molecule?
For SiS₂, silicon disulfide, the electron dot formula could be seen in the attached picture. The total nonbonding electron pairs in a SiS₂ molecule is: 4 pairs.
What are the Lewis structure and nonbonding electron?
The electron dot formula, also known as the Lewis structure, is a representation of the total valence electrons of atoms within a molecule. By writing an electron dot formula, we can visualize the existence of valence electrons and whether they are within bonds or just stand as lone pairs.
The nonbonding electron or the lone pairs are electrons within an atom that are not forming a bond with the other atoms in a molecule. In the SiS₂ molecules, the 4 nonbonding pairs exist both in S atoms.
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caammonium phosphate is an important ingrediant in many solid fertilizers. it can be made by reacitng aqeous phosphoric acid with liquid ammonia. calculate the moles of ammonia needed to produce 0.085 mol of ammonium phosphae
Number of moles of ammonia to produced Ammonium phosphate=3
First balance the chemical reaction between aqueous phosphoric acid and liquid ammonia
H3PO4 (aq) + 3NH3 (l) = (NH4)3PO4
From the balanced above reaction it is clearly that,
1 mole of aqueous phosphoric acid reacts with 3 mole of liquid ammonia to form 1 mole of ammonium phosphate
Hence,
Number of moles of ammonia to produced Ammonium phosphate=3
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n a hydrogen fuel cell, the steps of the chemical reaction are at electrode: h2 2oh 2h2o 2e; at electrode: 12o2 h2o 2e 2oh. calculate the voltage of the cell. what is the minimum voltage required for elec- trolysis of water? explain briefly.
The minimum voltage required for electrolysis of water is 1.23 eV.
The cell reactions involved are given as,
At (-) electrode:
H₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2H₂O + 2e⁻
At (+) electrode:
1/2 O₂ + H₂O + 2e⁻ → 2OH⁻
Gibbs energy is given as,
ΔG = W
The work done of a reaction is given as,
W = 2/2Nₐ
Given,
W = 237 J
Nₐ = 6.023 × 10²³
Substituting the values we get,
W = 237/2×6.023 × 10²³
= [237 kJ(1000J/1KJ)]/2(6.023 × 10²³)
= 1.968 × 10⁻¹⁹{10eV/1.61(1J)}
= 1.23 eV
Hence, the minimum voltage required for electrolysis of water is 1.23eV.
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"Be sure to answer all parts: Draw the organic product of the following reaction: Be sure to draw your answer &s & line drawing: Don't forget to include the structure of the Ts group: OH TsCl pyridine draw structure Indicate the stereochemistry at any stereogenic centers: There was an inversion of the configuration: There was a retention of the configuration. The product is & racemic mixture: There are no stereogenic centers in this molecule:"
The major product of the second stereochemistry reaction is alkyl iodide, which is formed from alcohol.
When an alkene is hydrated, it produces alcohol. When Asymmetric Alkenes are treated with water in the presence of acid, the Markovnikoff rule is followed, and the Hydrogen of the incoming reagent goes to the carbon with the most Hydrogen atoms. The reverse (Anti-Markovnikoff) reaction is carried out by carrying out the Hydroboration reaction. In this case, the incoming reagent's Hydrogen atom is directed to the carbon with the fewest stereochemistry Hydrogen atoms. Both -H and -OH add in sync in this reaction. The hydroboration reaction of cholestrol is depicted below. The image below depicts the products of the reaction for the first reaction scheme, which follows the sn2 mechanism and thus results in the inversion of the configurations.
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for each burned food sample, it is important to get a mass before and after the burning takes place. what would happen to the calculated energy (compared to the actual energy) per gram released if a student does notget a mass after the sample is burned?
So the mass of the product equals the mass of the reactant, The material has holes in it so it is actually lighter in mass than it appears.
Mass of reactants equals mass of products. By inserting the word "moles" between each coefficient and formula, this equation can be read in "moles." A ratio of the moles for any two substances in an equation is known as a mole-mole factor. Acc0rding to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of reactants and products in a chemical reaction is eq.ual. For instance, the mass of the finished substance, sodium chloride, is equal to the mass of sodium plus the mass of chlorine that reacts with the sodium. Additionally, in a chemical equation, the number of atoms of different elements on the reactants side equals the number of atoms on the products side.
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If the Earth didn't rotate, winds would travel either north or south due to differences in temperature and pressure. But since the Earth does rotate, the ____________ deflects these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
A Coriolis effectCoriolis effect
B ionosphereionosphere
C law of gravitylaw of gravity
D polar air masses
If the Earth didn't rotate, winds would travel either north or south due to differences in temperature and pressure. But since the Earth does rotate, the Coriolis effect deflects these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
What is coriolis effect ?Circulating air is diverted to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere when the Earth revolves on its axis. The Coriolis effect is the name given to this deflection.
Air would simply flow directly from high-pressure areas to low-pressure regions if the Coriolis effect didn't exist. The Coriolis effect affects the world's wind patterns and determines the predominant south-westerlies in the UK.
Thus, option A is correct.
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with regards to the run-mode clock configuration 2(rcc2) register, what hex value would need to be in bit field 6:4 (in other words, bits 6 and 4 in that order) in order for the microcontroller to use the main oscillator as the oscillator source? (refer to the tm4c123 datasheet, ch 5). give your answer in hexadecimal.
In order for the microcontroller to use the main oscillator as the oscillator source is 0x1
What is an oscillator?
A chemical oscillator is a mixture of chemical compounds that are interacting and whose concentration of one or more components changes on a regular basis. They belong to a group of processes that exhibit far from equilibrium non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
what is an configuration ?
A configuration is typically the arrangement of the elements that make up a whole, or the act of doing so.
Therefore, in order for the microcontroller to use the main oscillator as the oscillator source is 0x1
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be sure to answer all parts. menthyl chloride and neomenthyl chloride have the structures shown. one of these stereoisomers undergoes elimination on treatment with sodium ethoxide in ethanol much more readily than the other. which reacts faster, menthyl chloride and neomenthyl chloride? why?
The hydrogen atoms in menthyl chloride are all facing the same direction, which places the chloride atom in a different location. Because of this, it is eliminated more slowly than neomenthyl chloride.
What does a low chloride level mean?Low levels of chlorine in your body lead to hypochloremia. It can be brought on by fluid loss from vomiting or nausea as well as by pre-existing disorders, illnesses, or drugs. To confirm hypochloremia, your doctor could do a blood test. Restoring your body's chloride levels helps alleviate hypochloremia in minor cases.
What meals contain a lot of chloride?Table salt and sea salt both include chloride in the form of sodium chloride. Additionally, many veggies contain it. Foods having greater chloride content include rye, tomatoes, seaweed, and.
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how many liters of hydrogen gas with an excess of nitrogen at stp are required to prepare 45.0 g of ammonia?
The volume of H₂ gas required with an excess of nitrogen at STP to prepare 45.0 g of ammonia is 88.7 L.
45 gm ammonia is to be prepared.
The reaction to produce NH₃ is as below-
N₂ ₊ 3H₂ → 2NH₃
First let us calculate the number of moles
number of moles= mass/ molecular mass
number of moles= 45g/ 17 g/mol
number of moles= 2.6 mol
Since 2 moles of NH₃ is produced from 3 moles of H₂.
So, 1 mole of NH₃ will be produced from 1.5 moles of H₂
Hence, 2.6 moles of NH₃ will be produced from 1.5 x 2.6 moles of H₂
So NH₃ produced will be 3.9
Volume = number of moles x 22.4L
Volume= 3.9 x 22.4 L
Volume= 88.7 L
Hence, the volume of H₂ required is 88.7 L.
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how do endotherms and ectotherms derive most of their body heat? multiple choice ectotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes. both ectotherms and endotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment. ectotherms derive most of their body heat through their fur, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through insulating scales. ectotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment both ectotherms and endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes.
Ectotherms derive most of their body heat through the environment,
while endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic
processes.
What are Metabolic processes?
Metabolic processes are the chemical and energy-requiring processes that occur within a living organism and are necessary for the maintenance of life. These processes include the breakdown of food molecules to obtain energy, the synthesis of new molecules and the transport of molecules around the body. Examples of metabolic processes include respiration, digestion, fermentation, and cellular respiration.
Explain the terms Endotherms and Ectotherms?
Endotherms are organisms that generate their own body heat, such as mammals and birds. They can regulate their internal temperatures and are not reliant on external sources of heat for their body temperature.
Ectotherms are organisms that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature, such as reptiles and amphibians. They are unable to generate their own body heat and instead rely on external sources such as the sun, warm rocks or warm water.
Therefore, the correct option would be Option A.
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how much 6.01 m naoh must be added to 440.0 ml of a buffer that is 0.0205 m acetic acid and 0.0255 m sodium acetate to raise the ph to 5.75
First, we need to calculate total moles of acetic buffer. Then, with H-H equation, we need to find ratio of moles of acetate and acetic acid.
The moles of acetate increased are due the addition of moles of NaOH. Thus, we can find the volume of 5.80M NaOH that must be added:
Moles acetic acid and sodium acetate:
Acetic acid: 0.550L * (0.0215mol/L) = 0.011825 moles
Acetate: 0.550L * (0.0255mol/L) = 0.014025 moles
Total moles = 0.02585 moles = [Acetate] + [Acetic acid] (1)
H-H equation:
pH = pKa + log [Acetate] / [Acetic acid]
Where pH is 5.75;
pKa of acetic acid is 4.74;
And [ ] could be taken as moles of each species.
5.75 = 4.74 + log [Acetate] / [Acetic acid]
10.2329 = [Acetate] / [Acetic acid] (2)
Replacing (1) in (2):
10.2329 = 0.02585 - [Acetic acid] / [Acetic acid]
10.2329[Acetic acid] = 0.02585 - [Acetic acid]
11.2329[Acetic acid] = 0.02585
[Acetic acid] = 0.002301 moles.
Moles acetate:
[Acetate] = 0.02585 moles - 0.002301 moles = 0.023549 moles
Initial moles were 0.014025 moles, moles of acetate added (Due the addition of NaOH) are:
0.023549 moles - 0.014025 moles = 0.009524 moles of NaOH
Therefore volume is 0.009524 moles of NaOH * (1L / 5.80mol) = 1.64x10⁻³L = 1.64mL of 5.80M are added
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if a 5.0 l flask holds 0.125 moles of nitrogen at stp, what happens to the entropy of the system upon cooling the gas to -75 oc?
Since temperature has reduced from standard temperature of 0 °C to -25 °C, entropy will decrease, as gas molecules will come closer. The entropy decreases.
What do you mean by entropy?
One of the key ideas that students studying physics and chemistry need to grasp with clarity is entropy. More importantly, entropy has multiple definitions and can be used in a variety of contexts, including the thermal stage, cosmology, or even economics. Entropy is a concept that primarily discusses the sudden changes that occur in commonplace phenomena or the universe's propensity for disorder.
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cryolite, na3alf6(s), an ore used in the production of aluminum, can be synthesized using aluminum oxide. balance the equation for the synthesis of cryolite. equation: al2o3 (s) naoh (l) hf (g) -> na3alf6 h2o (g) al2o3(s) naoh(l) hf(g)⟶na3alf6 h2o(g) if 13.0 kg of al2o3(s), 50.4 kg of naoh(l), and 50.4 kg of hf(g) react completely, how many kilograms of cryolite will be produced? mass of cryolite produced: kg na3alf6 which reactants will be in excess? naoh hf al2o3 what is the total mass of the excess reactants left over after the reaction is complete? total mass of excess reactants: kg qu
The kilograms of cryolite will be produced is 53.50 kg. the reactants will be in excess is NaOH and HF.
The balance equation is given as :
Al₂O₃ + 6NaOH + 12HF -----> 2Na₃AlF₆ + 9H₂O
molar mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g/mol
molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
molar mass of HF = 20 g/mol
moles of Al₂O₃ = mass / molar mass
= 13 × 1000 / 102
= 127.4 mol
moles of NaOH = mass / molar mass
= 50.4 × 1000 / 40
= 1260 mol
moles of HF = mass / molar mass
= 50.4 × 1000 / 20
= 2520 mol
dividing by the coefficient , we get :
Al₂O₃ = 127.4 / 1= 127.4 mol
NaOH = 1260 / 6 = 210 mol
HF = 2520 / 12 = 210 mol
mass of cryolite = moles × molar mass
= 2 × 127.4 × 210
= 53508 g = 53.50 kg
The reactant is in excess = NaOH and HF.
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the reaction between aluminum and bromine is an oxidation-reduction reaction. what is the oxidation number of aluminum as a reactant and in the product?
As can be seen, the valence shell of aluminum has three electrons. To achieve the electronic configuration of neon, aluminum can simply lose three electrons. So, the most stable oxidation state for it is +3.
How can the oxidation number of a reaction be determined?Monoatomic ions always have an oxidation number equal to their associated net charge. Positive oxidation is present in the hydrogen atom (H). When this element is joined to another element that has a lower electronegativity than it, the oxidation number of the combined element is -1.
For simple ions, the charge of the ion is equal to its oxidation number. For instance, the sodium ion, Na+, has an oxidation number of 1, while the chlorine ion, Cl-, has an oxidation number of -1.
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which member in each pair of liquids has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature? (a) c2h6 c4h10 (b) ch3ch2f ch3ch2oh (c) nh3 ph3
C2H6 has the higher vapor pressure. C4H10 and C2H6 are both nonpolar and thus have London dispersion forces only. C2H6 is a smaller molecule and thus has weaker dipole forces and a higher vapor pressure.
C2H6 has lower mass then C4H10 And alto Vander wall fond between C2H6 molecules is lever then that of C4H10. So C2H6 will be Lighter vapor pressure.
CH3CH2OH possess hydrogen Sending due to which they will be strongly attracted to each other as compared to CH3CH3F. So CH3CH3F will has high Lighter vapor pressure due to less attraction motion between them.
NH3 will also posse's hydrogen bonding. So PH3 will have higher vapor pressure.
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bombardment of uranium-238 with a deuteron (hydrogen-2) generates neptunium-237 and neutrons. write out the reaction.
Bombardment of uranium-238 with a deuteron (hydrogen-2) generates neptunium-237 and 3 neutrons.
Uranium-238 + 1H3 = Neptunium-237 + 3 neutrons
The process of nuclear fission involves the splitting of an atom's nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei. Even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay, the fission process releases a very high quantity of energy and frequently results in gamma photons.
Uranium-238 is converted into Uranium-239 by neutron capture, which then undergoes a quick conversion to Neptunium-239 by beta radiation. After about three days, beta radiation changes this neptunium into a new nucleus called plutonium-239. Like uranium-235, this radionuclide is fissile.
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write the chemical reactions whose equilibrium constants are Kb and Ka for imidazole (c3h4n2) and imidazole hydrochloride (c3h4n2h cl−) , respectively.
The chemical reactions and their equilibrium constants for imidazole and imidazole hydrochloride are given below.
A chemical reaction is a process in which chemical bonds between atoms and molecules are broken and formed, resulting in the formation of new substances with distinct chemical properties.
Imidazole ([tex]\rm C_3H_4N_2[/tex]) is a weak base and can react with water to form the imidazole ion and hydronium ion. The equation for this reaction is:
[tex]\rm C_3H_4N_2 + H_2O \rightleftharpoons C_3H_4N_2H^+ + OH^-[/tex]
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is called the base dissociation constant ([tex]\rm K_b[/tex]) of imidazole.
[tex]\rm K_b = \dfrac { [C_3H_4N_2H^+][OH^-]} {[C_3H_4N_2]}[/tex]
Imidazole hydrochloride ([tex]\rm C_3H_4N_2HCl[/tex]) is a weak acid and can react with water to form the imidazole ion and hydronium ion. The equation for this reaction is:
[tex]\rm C_3H_4N_2HCl + H_2O \rightleftharpoons C_3H_4N_2H^+ + Cl^- + H_2O[/tex]
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is called the acid dissociation constant ([tex]\rm K_a[/tex]) of imidazole hydrochloride.
[tex]\rm K_a = \dfrac {[C_3H_4N_2H^+][Cl^-] }{ [C_3H_4N_2HCl]}[/tex]
Therefore, the chemical reactions with their equilibrium constants for the given compound's imidazole and imidazole hydrochloride in aqueous solution are mentioned above.
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assuming the magnesium ribbon wasn't sufficiently polished to remove a coating of magnesium oxie on the surface. how would this affect the volume of hydrogen gas produced? would this error cause the gas constant to be overestimated, underestimated, or remain unaffected? please explain your reasoning.
The magnesium ribbon wasn't sufficiently polished to remove a coating of magnesium oxie on the surface. how would this affect the volume of hydrogen gas produced? would this error cause the gas constant to be overestimated, underestimated, or remain unaffected?
1. Since, the magnesium ribbon wasn’t sufficiently polished to remove a coating of magnesium oxide on surface, the actual mass of magnesium taken will be less (as it also contains magnesium oxide). Hence, the number of moles of magnesium reacted and the number of moles of hydrogen produced will be less. Due to this, the volume of hydrogen gas produced will be less and the gas constant will be underestimated. R=\frac {PV}{nT} . Here n is calculated from weight of Mg taken but V is measured. Thus values of n will be same but the value of V will be lower. Hence, the value of R will be lower.
2. When droplets of water are remaining in the eudiometer tube, there volume will be added to the volume of hydrogen and the measured volume of hydrogen will be more than actual volume. Due to this, the value of the gas constant will be overestimated.
3. When small amount of hydrogen dissolves in water, the measured volume of hydrogen will be lower than the actual volume. This will underestimate the value of the gas constant.
4. When the temperature of the gas was underestimated, the value of the gas constant will be overestimated as the gas constant is inversely proportional to the temperature. {PV}
R=
{nT}.
Magnesium is a chemical detail with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. it is a glittery gray solid which stocks many bodily and chemical residences with the alternative 5 alkaline earth metals (institution 2 of the periodic desk).
This element is produced in huge, growing old stars from the sequential addition of three helium nuclei to a carbon nucleus. whilst such stars explode as supernovas, a lot of the magnesium is expelled into the interstellar medium wherein it may recycle into new big name structures. Magnesium is the eighth maximum abundant element inside the Earth's crust and the fourth maximum not unusual detail in the Earth (after iron, oxygen and silicon), making up 13% of the planet's mass and a big fraction of the planet's mantle. it's miles the 0.33 maximum abundant detail dissolved in seawater, after sodium and chlorine.
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what systematic error are we trying to reduce by using chilled water in a calorimeter before adding a hot metal?
Error we trying to reduce by using chilled water in a calorimeter before adding a hot metal is specific heat calculation.
These circumstances are ideal since they make temperature variations more obvious.
In this experiment, ice was introduced to the calorimeter to cool the water below room temperature before the hot metal was added. We can lower systemematic error in this method. The specific heat calculation would be off if we used water that was room temperature.
Unwanted heat loss to the environment is typically the main source of mistake in calorimetry. By adding a lid and insulating the calorimeter's sides, this can be decreased.
Following are three potential sources of mistake in a calorimetry: measurement of temperature, mass calculation, unwanted heat leakage to the environment.
Thus, using chilled water in a calorimeter before adding a hot metal will reduce systematic errors.
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calculate the percentage of water vapor in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of water of 0.80 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr. calculate the percentage of water vapor in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of water of 0.80 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr. 0.11 % 9.2 × 10-4 % 1.1 % 0.92 % 1.1 × 10-2 % 0.11 %
The percentage of water vapor having partial pressure 0.80torr in a sample is 0.10%.
How can pressure be calculated?
The formula for calculating pressure is P = F / A, or force per unit of surface area. The sign for pressure in physical science is p, and the SI unit for measuring pressure is the pascal (symbol: Pa). One pascal is equivalent to one Newton per square meter of force applied perpendicularly to a surface.
What is the pressure unit in the SI?
One newton per square meter (N/m2 or kg m-1s-2) is equivalent to one pascal (represented as Pa), the SI unit of pressure. This name was surprisingly awarded in 1971.
Briefing:
Partial pressure of water = 0.80 torr
Air has a total pressure of 735 torr.
Concentration of water vapor is = 0.80/735×10^6
= 1088.43 ppm
= 0.10%
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is n-acetyl-β-ᴅ-glucosamine a reducing sugar? what about ᴅ-gluconate? is the disaccharide glcn(α1????1α)glc a reducing sugar? draw each sugar.
N-acetyl-β-glucosamine is reducing sugar whereas D-gluconate and GlcN(α1-1α-)Glc are non reducing sugar.
Because it has a free anomeric carbon at position C-1 that can open to the straight-chain form and be oxidized, N-acetyl-β-glucosamine is a reducing sugar. D-gluconate is not a reducing sugar because its anomeric carbon at C-1 is already oxidized to the level of a carboxylic acid. Because it lacks a free anomeric carbon, the disaccharide GlcN(α1-1α-)Glc is not a reducing sugar. This compound's two glucose units' anomeric carbons are linked together by an O-glycosidic bond, preventing them from opening to the straight-chain forms needed for oxidation.
Hence, reducing behavior is decided on basis of free OH group on anomeric carbon.
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How does the statement like dissolves like apply to the basic principles of solubility?.
that non-polar molecules will typically dissolve in non-polar solvents while polar molecules will typically dissolve well in polar solvents.
In terms of the solubility of solids and liquids, what does the phrase like dissolves like mean?According to the adage "like dissolves like," polar and ionic chemicals will dissolve in any substance if it is polar. Only non-polar compounds can be dissolved in it if the solvent is non-polar. Hexane in benzene, for instance.
The different solubilities of solutes in diverse solvents are explained by the principle of like dissolves.If the intermolecular interactions between the two components are similar, a substance will dissolve in a solvent; for instance, polar solutes will dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar solutes will dissolve in non-polar solvents, proving that "like dissolves like".
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