A) state of stress for point d = 17.65 MPa
B) Principal stresses ⇒ Maximum stress = 30.4 MPa, Minimum stress = 10.1 MPa
Maximum in-plane shear stress = 20.4MPa
Orientation ⇒ ∅(C.W) = 29.8°, ∅(C.C.W) = 15.2°
What is principal stress?We can define principal stress as the development of normal and shear stresses upon the application of any load to a body. Since all three planes—X, Y, and Z—are perpendicular to that point, the applied loading was concentrated there. Principal stress is the name given to the stress that results on these planes.
The purpose of determining whether a principal stress is sustainable is to determine the maximum force that can be placed on a body while still being safe. Resultant principal stress is defined as any normal stress that is centered at a point on a plane. We always take the design stress into account when designing any structure. Therefore, we need to know the maximum or minimum stress, which is the sustainability of the principal stresses, in order to design the structure.
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the technician connects one test lead to the chassis ground and the other to the door chime negative connection. then, the technician performs a voltage drop test on the ground side circuit to the door chime module and finds that the ground side circuit voltage has a 3v drop reading. what is the next step?
The next step of technician is to take a look at the ground wire that runs from the door chime module connector to the chassis ground.
An electrical connection between various metallic components of a machine is ensured by a chassis ground, which connects them all. A couple such examples include automobiles and electrical devices. As with lightning protection for high voltage power systems, chassis grounding provides the same function for electronics. To avoid damaging or interrupting circuit functionality, it is specifically necessary to direct undesired and potentially harmful current away from system parts and components. An electrical device's metal housing serves as the chassis ground, which is a site where ground is collected. To prevent electrical shock, a chassis ground can be utilized for grounding and shielding. Using a strong ground wire or cable, ground the engine block to the frame, ensuring sure that the connections are metal to metal, clean, and secure.
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Where loads are likely to be on continuously, the calculated load for branch circuits and feeders must be figured at (100%) (125%) (150%) of the continuous load, (plus) (minus) the non-continuous load. This requirement generally (does) (does not) apply to residential wiring.
Where loads are likely to be on continuously, the calculated load for branch circuits and feeders must be figured at 125%.
Section 210.19(A)(1) permits the bigger of the two values listed below to be utilized as the connectors 's ultimate size for sizing an ungrounded branch circuit conductor:
Without any extra adjustments or corrections, either 125% of the continuous load, OR
When adjustment and corrective factors are applied, the load is 100% (not 125% as stated previously).
This will be the same in the 2020 NEC. The introduction of new exception 2 is what has changed. To comprehend this new exception, one must study it very carefully. A part of a branch circuit connected to pressure connectors (such as power distribution blocks) that complies with 110.14(C)(2) may now be sized using the continuous load plus the noncontiguous load instead of 125% of the continuous load thanks to the new exception.
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determine the 0.2% offset yield strength from the stress-strain data. the sample is cylindrical with a radius of 1.25 mm.
By building a parallel line offset from the linear stress-strain line by 0.002 strain, the 0.2% offset yield strength is computed.
Because the yield strength of steel, according to ASTM, is 0.2% permanent strain (offset). This definition serves as a good "rule of thumb" for the majority of steels and typically equates to a 0.5% total strain. The predetermined amount of permanent strain is set along the strain axis of the graph, to the right of the origin, in order to determine yield strength. Figure 5 designates it as Point. Point (D) is crossed by a straight line that has the same slope as the first part of the stress-strain curve.
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A pull of 40 N inclined at 30° to the horizontal plane, is required just to move a body
placed on a rough horizontal plane. But the push required to move the body is 50 N. If
the push is inclined at 30° to the horizontal, find the weight of the body and co-efficient
of friction.
In mathematics, is equal to F/N, where F is the frictional force and N is the normal force.
What is coefficient of friction?The friction coefficient is the ratio of the normal force pressing two surfaces together to the frictional force preventing motion between the two surfaces. Greek letter mu () is typically used to represent it. In mathematics, is equal to F/N, where F is the frictional force and N is the normal force. The coefficient of friction is dimensionless because both F and N are expressed in units of force (such as newtons or pounds). For both static and kinetic friction, the coefficient of friction has different values. When an object experiences static friction, the frictional force resists any applied force, and the object stays at rest until the static frictional force is removed. In kinetic friction, the frictional force opposes the motion of the object.The coefficient of kinetic friction for a brick sliding on a clean wooden table is approximately 0.5, meaning that a force equal to half the weight of the bricks is needed to simply overcome friction in order to keep the bricks moving along at a constant speed. The coefficient of static friction is approximately 0.6. The frictional force itself is focused in the opposite direction of the object's motion.To Learn more About frictional force refer To:
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while examining a heavy, flat steel plate bolted to the oil pan rails and main bearing caps, technician a suggests it is used to stiffen the crankcase to reduce torsional twisting. technician b says the plate is used to prevent oil from splashing up onto the cylinder walls and causing high oil consumption. who is correct?
Technician a is correct because that he says claims that it is utilized to strengthen the crankcase in order to prevent torsional twisting.
Engine heat ultimately determines what temperature the oil reaches and is the most common cause of high oil pressure. Oil pressure can also increase due to malfunctioning engine parts. Low oil level is the most frequent and simplest to fix reason for low pressure. While regular oil changes are important, it's also crucial to regularly check your motor oil level and top it off as needed in between oil changes. A beam will twist when a torque is applied, and this is known as torsional twisting. It is applied methodically to screws, nuts, axles, drive shafts, etc., and is also produced more randomly under service conditions in car bodies, boats, airplane fuselages, bridges, springs, and many other structures and components.
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high traffic volume allows more vehicles on the expressway due to the design of a) speed limits b) medians c) exits d) multiple lane roads
Answer:
d) multiple lane roads
Explanation:
High traffic volume allows more vehicles on the expressway due to the design of multiple lane roads. The correct option is d.
What is an expressway?Expressways are split, high-speed thoroughfares for through traffic with partially or completely restricted access.
Roadways that connect significant cities, villages, and other locations are referred to as highways, and they often feature four lanes to accommodate high-speed traffic.
However, an expressway is a high-speed route with limited access that has a number of infrastructure such access ramps and lane separators.
The term "highway" derives from elevated Roman highways that featured a mound or hill in the middle created by earth thrown from side ditches.
Because multiple lane highways are designed for high traffic volumes, there can be more vehicles on the expressway.
Thus, the correct option is d.
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use channel 1 of your oscilloscope to monitor the voltage vc across the capac- itor while using channel 2 to monitor the voltage vr across the resistor.
There are two ways to detect current using an oscilloscope, even though the majority of them can only directly measure voltage.
What is oscilloscope?
An oscillograph, which was the previous name for an oscilloscope, is a device that graphically displays electrical signals and illustrates how those signals change over time.
Through a sensor connection, a device that generates an electrical signal in response to physical stimuli like sound, light, and heat, it is able to measure these signals. A microphone, for instance, is a sensor that turns sound into an electrical signal.
Shunt resistors can be used as feedback devices in some power supply designs; measure the voltage dropped across one. An oscilloscope can be used to measure a time constant to determine the real capacitance of a device or the amount of dispersed capacitance in an electrical system.
From one peak to the next, count the horizontal divisions of your oscillating signal (i.e., peak to peak). The period of the signal is then calculated by multiplying the number of horizontal divisions by the time or division. The frequency of the signal can be calculated using the following formula: frequency=1/period.
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(20%) machining appears to play an important role in the manufacturing of this phone housing, but machining is a relatively slow process. can you explain why machining was chosen instead of sheet-metal forming or casting alone? list the major considerations and compare among all these processes to justify your answer.
No raw material is wasted during the metal forming process, and the product has higher mechanical qualities and is produced more quickly.
By using a wedge-shaped tool, machining is the removal of material in the form of chips. Metal plates, tubes, or solid round bars make up the material that is machined. On the other hand, metal flat sheets make up the material that goes through the fabrication process. Metal is heated in a furnace until molten before being cast. The metal is poured into a die, or mold, while it is still liquid, giving the metal the shape of the component.
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A uniform rod BC of mass 4 kg is connected to a collar A by a 250-mm cord AB. Neglecting the mass of the collar and cord, determine (a) the smallest constant acceleration aA for which the cord and the rod lie in a straight line, (b) the corresponding tension in the cord. 250 mm 400 mm 350 mm
(a) The smallest constant acceleration aA for which the cord and the rod lie in a straight line is, a[tex]_A[/tex] = 4.09 m/sec².
(b) The corresponding tension in the cord is, T = 42.5 N.
What is tension?The force transmitted through a rope, string, or wire when pulled by forces acting from opposite sides is referred to as tension. The tension force is applied along the entire length of the wire and exerts an equal amount of force on the bodies at each end.
Every physical object that comes into contact with another one applies some sort of force. Depending on the type of object, these contact forces have different names. You can refer to a force as tension if a rope, cable, or chain is one of the objects it is pulling on.
Ropes and cables are useful for exerting forces because they effectively transfer a force over a limited distance (e.g. the rope length). Because ropes cannot effectively push, tension must be considered the pulling force.
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PSPICE 6.23 MULTISIM Assume that the initial energy stored in the inductors of Figs. P6.23(a) and (b) is zero. Find the equiva- lent inductance with respect to the terminals a, b. Figure P6.23 (a) 12 mH 24 mH 10 mH 520 mH 30 mH 15 mH 9 mH3 8 mH (b) 25 uH 18 uH 20 uH 60 uH 30 H 1) UH 312 pH 15 pH 38 pH
A mass moving at a certain speed is comparable to an inductor conducting current. In other words, a coil carrying current stores energy
In its magnetic field, which equals 1/2 Li2, just like a moving mass has kinetic energy = 1/2 mv2. Actually, the magnetic field produced by the current passing through the inductor is where this energy is kept. The energy is stored without being lost in a pure inductor, where it is released back into the circuit when the inductor's magnetic field collapses and the current through it is ramped down. The charge Q and voltage V between the capacitor plates are related to the energy U C U C stored in a capacitor because it is electrostatic potential energy.
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what would be considered a higher-than-normal tempertaure for a discharge gas line on a reciprocating compressor
Any compressor's discharge temperature cannot exceed 225 degrees F. if the discharge temperature rises above 225 degrees.
What temperature should a reciprocating compressor's discharge gas line be at?However, many compressor packages will contain components that limit discharge temperature to no more than 148.9°C (300°F). In general, it is advised to never exceed operating discharge temperatures of 176.7°C (350°F).
What are the likely reasons why the compressor discharge has an excessively high discharge pressure?The primary cause of high condensing pressure is high discharge pressure. High condensing pressure can be caused by insufficient condenser heat dissipation, condenser fouling, insufficient cooling air or water volume, and high cooling water or air temperature.
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technician a says that synthetic oils can be used to extend oil change intervals because they do not become contaminated as quickly with soot and dirt as conventional oil. technician b says that synthetic oils can be used longer because they do not oxidize as quickly as conventional oil. who is correct?
Technician b is correct he syas that synthetic oils have a longer shelf life than traditional oils because they do not oxidize as quickly.
Deposits develop during the engine's motor oil circulation. Over time, conventional oils produce sludge from these deposits, decreasing the performance and life of your engine. Full synthetic oils, in contrast, have fewer impurities and don't form deposits or sludge. Conventional motor oil typically lasts five years when stored in unopened containers. Synthetic and semi-synthetic motor oils have a lifespan of seven to eight years. Given that their chemical makeup does not deteriorate over time, synthetic oils can easily provide a service life that is two times as long. Regular olive oil can be stored for up to three years without going bad. The incredible health benefits of coconut oil include everything from clear skin to lowering blood sugar. Long-term preservation of olive oil's properties is possible.
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a heating element operates on 115 v. if it has a resistance of 15.4 ohms, what current, in amps, does it draw?
The current is 7.46A. A stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, travelling through an electrical conductor or a vacuum is known as an electric current.
How to calculate current?Electric currents are streams of electrically charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through a conductor or a void. It is calculated as the net rate of electric charge flowing through a surface or into a control volume.Electric currents generate magnetic fields, which are used in motors, generators, inductors, and transformers. In typical conductors, they cause Joule heating, which ignites incandescent light bulbs. To transfer information via communications, time-varying currents produce electromagnetic waves.Current is obtained by merely dividing the magnitude of a charge by the measurement duration. Current can be calculated using the equation I = Q t, where I denotes current, Q denotes charge, and t denotes time.Given value
Voltage = 115v
Resistance = 15.4 ohms
Equation is Current = V / R
I = V / R
= 115V / 15.4Ω = 7.467532A
The current is 7.467532 amps
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when a given op-amp has a common-mode input of 1 v, the output of the device is 100 mv. when the device has a differential input of 2 mv, the output of the device is 10 v. what is the cmrr of the device'? 50,000,000 : 1 50,000 : 1 1000 : 1 5 : 1
The CMRR the device is 5 : 1. The CMRR can be meant as ratio between common model gain and differential model gain.
CMRR refers to the ratio of the common-mode gain with differential-mode gain. The example of CMRR happens when a differential input change of Y volts produces a change of 1 V at the output, and a common-mode change of X volts produces a similar change of 1 V, then the CMRR is X/Y.
Assume a common-mode input of 1 v, the output of the device is 100 mv is Y
Common mode gain = Vout/Vin
Common mode gain = 0.01/1 = 0.01
Differential mode gain = 1
Then,
CMRR = Common mode gain/ Differential mode gain
CMRR = 0.01/1 = 0.01
Assume when the device has a differential input of 2 mv, the output of the device is 10 v is Y
Common mode gain = Vout/Vin
Common mode gain = 10/2
Common mode gain = 5
Differential mode gain = 10/2-1 = 10
Then,
CMRR = Common mode gain/ Differential mode gain
CMRR = 5/10 = 0.5
Hence, ratio of the CMRR in device is
CMRR = 0.5/0.1 = 5 : 1
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The automatic antenna tuner on the ft-dx10 is designed to ensure what ohm antenna impedence is presented?.
At amateur operating frequencies, the FTDX10 is designed for 50 Ohm resistive impedance.
What is meant by Impedance?Impedance is the sum of resistance and reactance. It was defined as anything that can obstructs the flow of electrons within the electrical circuit. As a result, it influences current generation in the electrical circuit. It could be found in all the possible circuit components and across all possible electrical circuits. Impedance is represented mathematically by the letter Z and has the unit ohm. It's a mix of resistance and reactance.
Z stands for impedance, which is an expression of the resistance to alternating and/or direct electric current that an electronic component, circuit, or system offers. Resistance and reactance are two independent scalar (one-dimensional) phenomena that make up the vector (two-dimensional) quantity known as impedance.
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consider the loading shown. note: this is a multi-part question. once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part. identify the equation of the elastic curve for the cantilever beam ab.
I is the section's second moment of area or moment of inertia. The following techniques can be used to determine the equation for the elastic curve of a beam.
The first and second derivatives of the function that represents the curve in terms of the Cartesian coordinates x and y are dydx and d2ydx2, respectively. Assuming that the longitudinal stresses on the fibers are within the elastic limit, the elastic curve of a beam is the curve formed by the intersection of the neutral surface with the side of the beam. The Bending Moment Equation's double integral is taken in order to perform the fundamental calculation. There are formulas for both cantilever beams and beams that are simply supported.
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water (10 oc) flows with a speed of 2 m/s through a horizontal run of pvc pipe. the length of the pipe is 50 m, and the pipe is schedule 40 with a nominal diameter of 2.5 inch. calculate: a) the pressure drop in kpa b) the head loss in meters c) the power in watts needed to overcome the head loss
The pipe is schedule 40 and has a nominal diameter of 2.5 inches. It is 50 meters long. Then pressure drop is 29.1kpa,Head loss is 2.967m and power is 176.986 watt.
a)Pressure drop = 32μVL/D²
=32*1.307*10⁻³*2*50/0.0119882
=29102.6 pascal
=29.1 Kpa
b)Head loss=p1-p2/pg=29.1*10³/999.7*9.81
=2.967 m
c)power=(p1-P2)q
=29.1*10³*6.082*10⁻³
Power =176.986 watt //watt is the unit of power
The difference in total pressure between two points on a network used to transport fluids is known as a pressure drop. When frictional forces acting on a fluid as it flows through the tube, brought on by the resistance to flow, occur, a pressure drop happens.
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very stiff clays that underlie the houston area are typically fissured. we often find that unconfined compression tests produce unreasonably low estimates of shear strength. why?
The maximum axial compressive stress that a cohesive soil specimen can withstand with no confining stress is known as unconfined compressive strength (UCS).
One of the quickest and least expensive ways to gauge the shear strength of clayey soil is the unconfined compression test. The unconfined compression test is the most popular method of soil shear testing because it is one of the fastest and least expensive methods of measuring shear strength. It is used primarily for saturated, cohesive soils recovered from thin-walled sampling tubes. The primary purpose of the Unconfined Compression Test is to quickly determine a measure of the unconfined compressive strength of rocks or fine-grained soils that possess sufficient cohesion to permit testing in the unconfined state.
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The rule of 10 states that a measuring instrument should
A. Have one tenth the resolution of the tolerance.
B. Be 10 times more accurate than the tolerance you are trying to hold.
C. Be 10 times more accurate than your reference standard.
D. Be graduated in tenths.
The rule of 10 states that a measuring instrument should have one tenth the resolution of the tolerance. Hence option A is correct.
What is resolution?Resolution is defined as a term used to describe how clear and sharp an image or picture is. Resolution describes how many pixels are shown for an image per inch.
According to the Rule of Ten, the measuring device's discrimination should divide the tolerance of the characteristic under test into ten parts. In other words, the measuring device or gage needs to be at least ten times more accurate than the characteristic being assessed.
Thus, the rule of 10 states that a measuring instrument should have one tenth the resolution of the tolerance. Hence option A is correct.
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a 220-v-rms, 60 hz, 3-phase y-connected induction motor draws 31.87 a at a power factor of 75% lagging. for all three phases, the total stator copper losses are 400 w, and the total copper losses are 150 w. the rotational losses are 500 w
It is possible to change the slip and speed at which the maximum torque occurs if the rotor resistance is raised in some way.
In the case of slip ring or wound rotor type motors, this can be accomplished by adding external resistance to the rotor circuit. This occurs when the rotor conductors are shorted-circuited and there is a transformer action between the stator winding and the rotor winding. The rotor experiences a strong current flow as a result. The starting torque is also impacted if the applied starting voltage is decreased in order to reduce this high starting current.
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historically, the average grade in chem 1015 is a b-/c . in order for an average student to earn an average grade, the average student would be expected to spend an average of 3 hour(s) a week on the course.
Students who specialize in a major field are better equipped to conduct in-depth research, analyze critically, and use discriminating judgment.
It makes the student ready for more difficult work, graduate school, or the job market right away. This concentration on the academic curriculum does not mean that other aspects of university life, including as social and athletic activities, public speaking and dramatic arts, music, art, public affairs, or other programs, did not contribute significantly to a student's personality development. The intended outcome of these degree programs is not a person who fits into society as it is or perceives their own vocation as being limited to the realm of the regular job, but rather a person who has been intellectually enhanced.
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if the mixing ratio is 3.0 g/kg and the dry air temperature is 55f, what is the saturation mixing ratio?
A thermodynamic function of condition; the saturated air mixing ratio at the specified temperature and pressure.
How to Calculate a Mixing Ratio?The ratio of moist to dry airborne particles is referred to as the "mixing ratio" in the study of the atmosphere. Though it can also apply to other elements, it has a similar concept to humidity. It is possible to calculate a mixing ratio for gases other than water, such as argon or ozone. The earth's atmosphere is significantly impacted by even minor changes in the elemental mixing ratios. Depending on the data you already have, you can calculate the mixing ratio in a variety of ways. Using the saturation mixing ratio and humidity, the mixing ratio can always be calculated.The saturated mixing ratio and the relative humidity should be noted. Determines the amount of moisture in the air, humidity is a word you frequently hear on weather channels. At a given temperature, the maximum amount of water vapor that can be held in the air is known as the saturated mixing ratio. Let's say, for illustration purposes, that the saturated mixing ratio is 0.5 and the relative humidity is 0.8.The saturated mixing ratio multiplied by the mixing ratio. In this case, the solution is 0.8 x 0.5, which equals 0.04.In the previous step, multiply the response by 100. The response in our example is 0.04/100, or 0.004. Your mixing ratio is this response.By dividing the mixing ratio by the saturated mixing ratio and multiplying your result by 100, you can double-check your response.To Learn more About mixing ratio refer to:
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Which of the following is shared among threads? Select all that apply. file descriptors registers stack memory virtual address space
Every thread have its own stack, register, and PC, so only address space that is shared by all thread for a single process.
Why threads are important?The use of threads has a number of advantages. A thread is more effective. For a new thread, the operating system does not need to construct a new memory map (as it does for a process). In order to monitor the status of open files and increase reference counts on open file descriptors, it is not necessary to allocate new structures.Additionally, threading makes some programming styles simple. Although it is true that shared memory among threads increases the risk of problems, shared memory also makes it simple to communicate data among threads. All threads in a process can read from and write to the same global and static variables.To learn more about thread, refer to
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02-series deep-groove ball bearing is considered as an application with the inner ring rotating, with a design life of 25 kh at a speed of 350 rev/min. the radial load is 2.5 kn and an application factor of 1.2 is appropriate. the reliability goal is 0.90. find the catalog rating c10 with which to enter a bearing table and select an appropriate size bearing.
The reliability goal is 0.90 is reached with given perameter and chosen bearing is correct the C10 catalogue rating would be 14.
R=exp{-{525(3/25.50³-0.02/4.439}^1.483}
=exp{-{0.98/4.439}^1.483}
=exp(-0.106)
=0.919
So, the chosen bearing is correct.
A bearing is a part of a machine that reduces friction between moving parts and restricts relative movement to only that motion that is intended. A fixed axis rotation or free linear motion of the moving part are two examples of possible bearing designs. By controlling the normal force vectors acting on the moving parts, it may also be used to stop movement. To enable the desired motion, the majority of bearings reduce friction. Bearings can be divided into many different groups depending on the type of operation, the motions allowed, or the direction of the loads (forces) applied to the components.
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technician a says that the upper shell of a main bearing is identified by a marking on the back of the shell. technician b says that the upper main bearing shell will always have a hole in it. who is correct?
Technician b is correct that he says affirms that the top main bearing shell will always be pierced by a hole.
A housing, shaft, and lubricant are other parts of the system, which also contains a bearing shell. As a result, they must be developed in concert with the bearing shell as a part of a bearing system as the dependability of the bearing shells is dependent on these other components. Their main objective is to make this rotation of the components almost wear-free. Plain bearings consist of one or two bearing shells that are tightly secured within the bearing seat. The spinning shaft is encircled by the bearing shells at the bearing journals. A steel alloy shell serves as the foundation for every bearing insert, upon which the softer bearing componentsis connected. Bearings may currently be divided into two main categories: those made of aluminum alloy or copper/lead alloy.
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a vehicle is found to have multiple oil leaks. technician a says that all of the oil leaks should be repair. technician b says the pcv system should be tested first. who is correct?
Technician b says the pcv system should be tested first is correct.
What is pcv system?Vaccine Knowledge | PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine). MenB vaccination (Meningococcal B Vaccine)
Poor fuel economy is one of the indications of a faulty PCV valve. The precise ratio of the air and fuel mixture, which is necessary for proper combustion, will be thrown off by a broken PCV valve.
While not all vehicles have one, the majority do. If your vehicle has one, check the PCV valve (shown in Figure 8-5) to make sure it isn't blocked with sludge from impurities in the exhaust fumes or stuck in the wide-open position if your engine has been idling unevenly or if a malfunction indicator light comes on.
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Technician A says low fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir indicates a leak in the system.
Technician B says for both drum and disc brakes, the friction material rotates with the wheel.
Who is right?
Select the correct option and click NEXT
O A only
B only
Both A and B
Neither A nor B
Technician A says the low fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir indicates a leak in the system. Technician B says for both drum and disc brakes, the friction material rotates with the wheel. Both A and B are correct.
What is a technician?A technician is a person who knows the technicality of machines and other things, They can repair these things.
These rubber rings prevent hydraulic fluid from escaping and keep it free of moisture and impurities. They also cause the piston to return to its off position, allowing the brake pads to disengage correctly when the brake pedal is released.
Therefore, the correct option is c, Both A and B.
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7.124 the cylindrical tank ab has an 8-in. inner diameter and a 0.32-in. wall thickness. it is fitted with a collar by which a 9-kip force is applied at d in the horizontal direction. knowing that the gage pressure inside the tank is 600 psi, determine the maximum normal stress and the maximum shearing stress at point k
No, generally it is not. It could be zero for specific loading conditions. Since they are equal but with opposite signs then their average is zero.
For example, if you put a stress element under tension in the x direction and compress it in the y direction with equal stresses such as sigma_x=sigma_y, this will give you a stress element if rotated by 45 degrees will give you the maximum shear planes with zero normal stresses. So generally that's not the case. The general case is that you will get the average normal stress when you get the maximum shear stress. In the example I mentioned before if we consider the compression and tension natures of the stresses, we assumed then sigma_y should be negative because it's compression and sigma_x is positive because it's tension.
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6 In the figure shown, shaft A, made of AISI 1010 hot-rolled steel, is welded to a fixed support and
is subjected to loading by equal and opposite forces F via shaft B. A theoretical stress concentration
Kts of 1.6 is induced by the 3 mm fillet. The length of shaft A from the fixed support to the connection
at shaft B is 1 m. The load F cycles from 0.5 to 2 kN.
a) For shaft A, find the factor of safety for infinite life using the modified Goodman fatigue failure
criterion.
b) Repeat part(a) using Gerber fatigue failure criterion.
Answer:
Explanation:
Calculate the factor of safety for infinite life using modified Goodman fatigue failure.
Tmax =16KfsTmax /πd^3
HB =200, r=3 mm, qs = 1
Kfs=1+qs(Kts-1)= 1+1(1.6-1) = 1.6
Calculate the maximum and minimum torque.
Tmax=2000(0.05) = 100 N. m
Tmin=500 /2000 (100)
Tmin= 25 N.m
Calculate the maximum and minimum shear stress on the shaft.
Tmax= 16(1.6)(100) (10-6) /π(0.02)3 = 101.9 MPa Tmax
Tmin=500 /2000 (101.9)
Tmin=7.4 N. m
Kb=(7.4/7.62) ^-0.107
Kb=0.59
Se=0.917(1.003)(0.59)(161.3) = 87.5 MPa
nf = 1/ (Ta/Se)+(Tm/Ssu)
=1 /(38.22/87.5)+(63.68/214.4)
= 1.36
b)
Calculate the factor of safety for infinite life using modified Gerber fatigue failure.
nf=1/2 (Ssu/Tm) ^2 Ta/Se [ -1+square root of 1+
(2Tm Se/Ssu Ta) ^2]
= 1/2 (214.4/63.68) ^2 (38.22/87.6) {-1+square root of 1+ [2(63.68) (87.5) /214.4 (38.22) ]^2
=1.70
= 25.46 MPa
Calculate the mean stress.
Tm = 1/2 (101.9+25.46)
= 63.68 MPa
Calculate the average stress.
Ta= 1/2
Ta= 1/2 (101.9-25.46)
=38.22 MPa
Ssu=0.67Sut
= 0.67(320)
= 214.4 MPa
Ssy = 0.577Sy
= 0.577(180)
= 103.9 MPa
Se = 0.504(320)
= 161.3 MPa
ka =57.7(320)-0.718
= 0.917
de = 0.370(20)
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One of the primary advantages of simulation models is that they enable managers to answer what-if questions about changes in systems without actually changing the physical systems themselves. (True)
What is simulation models?A physical model's performance in the real world is predicted by creating and examining a digital prototype of the physical model. Designers and engineers use simulation modeling to determine whether, under what circumstances, and in what ways a part could fail as well as what loads it can withstand.
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