C. Fat emulsification. Emulsification is the act of dissolving fat into smaller blood cells, which makes it simpler for enzymes to work and aids in food digestion.
The process of fat emulsification aids in the breakdown of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids, which the small intestine can easily absorb.
Emulsification in digestion is the breaking down of fat globules into minute droplets in the duodenum, creating a larger area where the pancreatic lipase enzyme can operate to digest the fat into fatty acids and glycerol. The activity of the bile salts aids in emulsifying the fats.
The liver cells release bile for two main purposes:
To transport trashto digest fats by breaking them downThe real element that aids in the breakdown and absorption of fats is bile salt.Learn more about Emulsification here:
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As human activities constantly
change the ecosystem, scientists
work to find ways to keep
ecosystems healthy and intact. In
what ways do humans protect and
restore the ecosystem? Choose
the two that apply.
a) by maintaining current conditions
b) by working toward sustainability to
maintain diversity
c) by providing cultural services
d) through ecological restoration
___________
Help please
Work towards sustainability to retain diversity and ecological restoration are the two methods that humans protect and restore the ecosystem.
How do people preserve and rebuild the ecosystem?Reducing tillage, using more organic fertiliser and pest management, and raising a wider variety of crops, including trees, are all ways to restore them. By doing these actions, soils can replenish their carbon stores and become more fruitful, allowing nations to feed their expanding people without requiring even more land.
Which human activities have the potential to alter environmental conditions?Examples include the extraction of natural resources like coal, hunting and fishing for food animals, and the logging of forests for urban development and the production of wood. excessive non-renewable resource utilisation.
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Which mineral mostly forms through chemical precipitation?
O A. Clay
• B. Salt
• C. Aluminum
O D. Silicon
Answer:
The answer to your question is • B. Salt
Explanation:
The rain that falls on the land contains some dissolved carbon dioxide from the surrounding air. This causes the rainwater to be slightly acidic due to carbonic acid. The rain physically erodes the rock and the acids chemically break down the rocks and carries salts and minerals along in a dissolved state as ions.
I hope this helps and have a wonderful day!
You find a eukaryote that is a one-celled organism with a nucleusInto which group should it be classified?
The eukaryote that is a one-celled organism with a nucleus can be classified as a protist. Protists are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that possess a true nucleus and other organelles.
They are diverse and can exhibit both plant-like and animal-like characteristics. Examples of protists include amoebas, paramecia, and algae. These organisms are typically found in aquatic environments, such as ponds, lakes, and oceans. The classification of protists has been a subject of debate for many years, as they exhibit a wide range of characteristics that are not seen in other eukaryotes. However, they are generally recognized as a distinct group of organisms that share certain traits, such as the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
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When two statements are connected with the word and, the new statement is called a _____.
conditional
disjunction
converse
conjunction
Answer:
conjunction
Explanation:
Pls help thank you will mark the brainliest
Answer: A
Explanation: I did the test
Red blood cells take in carbon dioxide and give up oxygen in the lungs.
True
False
Answer: False
Explanation:
Red blood cells take in oxygen and give up carbon dioxide in the lungs.
False
Red blood cells GIVE UP carbon dioxide. It takes in oxygen into the lungs.
carbon dioxide is a waste gas.
Which sentence describes a multicellular animal?
OA. All of its body parts are made from the same kind of specialized
cell.
B. Its body is made from one type of cell that grows quickly.
C. Its body is made up entirely of small, unspecialized cells.
D. Its body parts are made from many different kinds of specialized
cells.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
its body parts are made from many different kinds of specialized cells.
Answer:
The correct answer is d) Its body parts are made from many different kinds of specialized cells.
Explanation:
Multicellular means having more than one cell. Unicellular is used when describing an animal with one cell.
an mrna has the following sequence: 5'-cccauaugcugggauaucggugac-3'. what amino acid is encoded by the first translated codon? what amino acid is encoded by the last translated codon? how many amino acids are in the polypeptide?
The first codon encodes proline. The last codon does not encode any amino acid. There are seven amino acids in the polypeptide.
An mRNA has the following sequence: 5'-CCCAU AUG CUG GGA UAU CGG UGA C-3'. The amino acid encoded by the first translated codon is 5' CCC 3', and its corresponding amino acid is proline. Therefore, the first codon encodes the amino acid proline.
The last codon is 5' UGA 3', the stop codon. This codon does not encode any amino acid but acts as a signal to stop the translation process. Therefore, the last codon does not encode any amino acid.
There are seven amino acids in the polypeptide. The mRNA has nine codons (3 codons per amino acid), but the first codon (CCCAUG) encodes only one amino acid. As a result, there are a total of 7 amino acids.
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The DNA sequence TACGCAATGCCTGGAACT transcribes into the following mRNA codon sequence:
AUGCGUUACGGAUU-GAUGA
What are nucleotides?Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide is composed of a sugar molecule (either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, the nitrogenous base can be adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T), or uracil (U).
The sequence of nucleotides along a DNA or RNA molecule carries genetic information, with the specific sequence encoding the instructions for building proteins and other important molecules in the cell. Nucleotides also play important roles in cellular processes such as energy storage and transfer (in the form of ATP), signaling, and enzyme regulation.
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2. Cooper removed some leaves from his potted plant. Which plant activity will be affected
the most? (SC. 3. L. 14. 1)
A. Reproducing
B. Making food
C. Getting water
D. Getting nutrients
Cooper removed some leaves from his potted plant. Option B. Making food is the plant activity that will be affected the most.
If the plant has fewer leaves, it will have less surface area available for photosynthesis, and thus it will produce less food, which can affect the overall growth and health of the plant. Removing leaves may also affect the plant's ability to absorb nutrients and water, but it is less significant compared to the reduction in the plant's ability to produce food.
Plants produce their food through the process of photosynthesis, which occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaves contain specialized structures called chloroplasts that are responsible for capturing light energy from the sun and converting it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. The process of photosynthesis involves the absorption of light energy, the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose, and the release of oxygen as a byproduct.
When Cooper removes some leaves from his potted plant, the plant's ability to produce food will be affected because the surface area available for photosynthesis is reduced. This can lead to a decrease in the amount of glucose produced, which is the primary source of energy for the plant. As a result, the plant's growth and overall health may be impacted.
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Which group of people worshipped a goddess of poison?
O A. Mayans
OB.
O c.
O D. Vikings
Egyptians
Sumerians
Explanation:
The group of people who worshipped a goddess of poison were the A. Mayans. I
What is the diference between being infected with a virus such as SARS-CoV-2 and contracting a disease such as COVID-19?Given the information presented thus far in this case study about antigens, antibodies, and potential relationships to disease susceptibility,generate a basic list of factors that could infuence a person’s susceptibility to contracting a disease after being infected with a virus:Next, using your list above, formulate a testable hypothesis and a null hypothesis that could be used to investigate one of the factors and its relationship to disease susceptibility. Remember, a solid, testable hypothesis is one that cannot be answered with a simple yes or no; thus, the question you ask needs to be carefully crafted. It is often helpful if hypotheses have directional predictions (e.g., variable x will increase/decrease variable y)One way to help make sure your testable hypothesis is logical is to think about ways in which you could go about investigating your question. Be realistic and consider issues related to time, cost, and utility of your fndings. For example, saying you’re going to test the entire human population and have results in one month is not feasible. After completing this activity, you might need to redo or adjust your hypotheses and that is fne. It’s all part of the scientifc method.
The difference between being infected with a virus such as SARS-CoV-2 and contracting a disease such as COVID-19 is that an infection occurs when a virus enters the body and multiplies, while a disease is the physical, psychological, and social consequences of that infection. Factors that could influence a person's susceptibility to contracting a disease after being infected with a virus include age, genetic makeup, pre-existing medical conditions, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors.
A testable hypothesis that could be used to investigate the influence of one of these factors on disease susceptibility could be: People with pre-existing medical conditions are more likely to contract a disease after being infected with a virus than those without pre-existing medical conditions. The null hypothesis for this would be: People with pre-existing medical conditions are not more likely to contract a disease after being infected with a virus than those without pre-existing medical conditions.
To investigate this hypothesis, a sample of individuals with and without pre-existing medical conditions can be tested for exposure to a virus. The outcomes of these tests can be compared to measure the difference in the susceptibility to contracting a disease between the two groups. Statistical methods can be used to analyze the data and assess the strength of the correlation between pre-existing medical conditions and disease susceptibility.
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what procedure did you use to complete the lab plate boundaries and movement
I need help asap please!!!
A thorough understanding of the lab assignments, familiarity with safety equipment, examining the MSDS of chemicals for lab experiments, and other procedures are necessary to successfully complete the lab.
What is the plate boundary process?A convergent plate boundary is created when two tectonic plates clash. Subduction is the process of one of the convergent plates moving beneath the other. As tectonic plates are subducting, deep trenches frequently occur, and subduction zones frequently experience earthquakes as well.
How do researchers examine plate boundaries?The presence of glaciers, fossils, and complementary coastlines provides evidence of how the plates originally interacted. Plants and animals used to exist, and fossils show us when and where they did.
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Apply what you have learned about gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, and recombination in order to analyze and evaluate their effects
The following are the effects of each:
Gene flow: Also called gene migration, is the introduction of genetic material (by interbreeding) from one population of a species to another, consequently altering the gene pool of the recipient populationGenetic drift: It is the arbitrary change in the population's frequency of a gene variation that already exists. Gene variations may fully vanish due to genetic drift, which would limit genetic variety.Mutation: Genetic mutations are modifications to your DNA sequence that arise as your cells divide and generate duplicates of themselves. It leads to variation and better adaptation of the organism to its environment.Recombination: Recombination is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles. This creates genetic diversity at the level of genes that reflects variations in the DNA sequences of different organisms.To learn more about genetic variation, refer to:
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There is a large increase in the caribou population. Explain what might happen to the caribou and their resources.
Food (Vegetation) for the caribou would be less abundant. The explanation is that a shift as in food chain will upset the balance. Other creatures would likewise be impacted as a result.
What dangers loom over the caribou herd?Investment in infrastructure, area destruction related to large-scale natural resource exploitation, and overharvesting in some places are the main challenges confronting caribou. Caribou populations typically do poorly in places that have been disturbed by people and prefer to avoid highways.
What caribou population is the largest?The largest caribou population in Alaska as well as the largest in the world is known as the West Arctic Caribou Herd (WAH). A caribou herd is identified by its frequent usage of a particular birthing area. In northwest Alaska, the WAH covers around 140,000 sq miles (363,000 km2).
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How does a genetic mutation compare to a misspelled word?
In essence, genetic mutations are misspelled. A genetic mutation happens when a few or all of the four words are really not where they should be, much like a misspelled word happens when one letter is replaced by another.
A genetic mutation is a long-lasting change to a gene's DNA sequence. This may alter how the protein the gene codes for functions, which may have an impact on an organism's features or attributes.
In a similar vein, a misspelled word is a permanent change in a word's spelling that might have an impact on its interpretation or meaning.
A genetic mutation can change a protein's function, which can affect the general health and growth of an organism, much as a typo can change the meaning of a phrase. A genetic mutation can alter the predicted result or expression, just like a misspelled word can.
A genetic mutation is a long-lasting change to a gene's DNA sequence. This may alter how the protein the gene codes for functions, which may have an impact on an organism's features or attributes. In a similar vein, a misspelled word is a permanent change in a word's spelling that might have an impact on its interpretation or meaning. A genetic mutation can change a protein's function, which can affect the general health and growth of an organism, much as a typo can change the meaning of a phrase. A genetic mutation can alter the predicted result or expression, just like a misspelled word can.
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Do you think food preferences are passed down from parents to their children, or does the environment play a role? Explain your answer.
Answer: Play important roles in shaping children’s food preferences.
Explanation: Food preferences vary substantially among adults and children. Twin studies have established that genes and aspects of the shared family environment both play important roles in shaping children’s food preferences.
The transition from childhood to adulthood is characterized by large gains in independence, but the relative influences of genes and the environment on food preferences in late adolescence are unknown.
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Cual es el factor limitante de los osos grizzly
The limiting factor of the Grizzly Bear is direct mortality, habitat loss, and displacement due to disturbance.
A grizzly bear's fur can range from a cream colour to an almost black, dark brown coat. Their colour helps them blend in with their environment, allowing them to escape adversaries and remain undetected by prey.
A Grizzly bear has 42 sharp, long teeth. They have big, flat molars for grinding since they are omnivores. They have huge 5 digit paws, and their foreclaws are longer and straighter than their hindclaws. Grizzly bears require powerful paws since they travel only on their paws.
Although death affects density momentarily, the relationship between mortality rate and density is complicated due to the impacts of age ratios and density dependency on vital rates. Density is definitely reduced by habitat loss and environmental change that prevents grizzly bear habitation. At fine scales, disturbance has been proven to lower grizzly bear density.
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Complete question:
What is the limiting factor for grizzly bears?
The model shows a parental cell.
Which model represents the daughter cell(s) prodeced after this cell undergoes the cell cycle and mitiotic cell división?
The daughter cell(s) produced after a parental cell undergoes the cell cycle and mitotic cell division is the one where the original parental cell divides into two identical daughter cells through the process of mitosis.
The model that represents the daughter cell(s) produced after a parental cell undergoes the cell cycle and mitotic cell division is one where the original parental cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This process, known as mitosis, involves several stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the DNA condenses and becomes visible as chromosomes. In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell. Finally, in telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell divides into two, resulting in two daughter cells.
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A 32 year-old-patient presented with symptoms of dysmenorrhea and postcoital bleeding. She had a history of recurrent miscarriage. Clinical examination by the gynecologist and laparoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of a bicornuate uterus. This uterine anomaly is due to which of the following?
A. Failure of fusion of the superior parts of the paramesonephric ducts
B. Degeneration of the mesonephric ducts
C. One paramesonephric duct fails to develop
D. Incomplete fusion of the sinovaginal bulbs
The uterine anomaly is due to the Failure of fusion of the superior parts of the paramesonephric ducts. The correct answer to this question is option A.
A bicornuate uterus is a type of congenital uterine anomaly that occurs when the two paramesonephric ducts (also known as the Mullerian ducts) fail to fuse completely during embryonic development. This results in a uterus with two horns, or a "heart-shaped" uterus. This condition can lead to complications such as recurrent miscarriage, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and postcoital bleeding.
The other answer choices are incorrect because they describe different types of uterine anomalies. Option B, degeneration of the mesonephric ducts, is not related to the development of the uterus.
Option C, one paramesonephric duct fails to develop, would result in a unicornuate uterus (a uterus with only one horn).
And option D, incomplete fusion of the sinovaginal bulbs, would result in a septate uterus (a uterus with a wall dividing it into two separate cavities).
A bicornuate uterus is due to the failure of fusion of the superior parts of the paramesonephric ducts during embryonic development. The correct answer is option A.
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where did you see mutation in down syndrome
Answer:
in an extra 21st chromosome.
Explanation:
Answer:
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material can lead to various physical and intellectual disabilities. However, Down syndrome is not typically associated with specific mutations, as it is a chromosomal abnormality rather than a mutation in a specific gene.
1. What is the approximate dewpoint temperature if the dry bulb temperature is 10° C and the wet-bulb temperature is 8 °C? [Refer to the Earth Science Reference Tables.]
If the dry bulb temperature is 10°C and the wet bulb temperature is 8°C with a relative humidity of 100%, the approximate dew point temperature would be 8°C.
What is the ratio of the wet bulb temperature to the dew point?Wet bulb temperature is the temperature we obtain from a moistened thermometer bulb that is exposed to air flow, as opposed to dewpoint temperature, which is the temperature to which we need cool the air to saturate the air with water vapour.
As an alternative, we can apply the following equation:
Dew point temperature = ((243.04*(ln(RH/100)+((17.625T)/(243.04+T))))/(17.625-ln(RH/100)-((17.625T)/(243.04+T))))
Dew point temperature = (wet bulb temperature - ((100 - relative humidity)/5))
Using this formula, if the dry bulb temperature is 10°C and the wet-bulb temperature is 8°C
If we assume a relative humidity of 100%, the dew point temperature would be:
Dew point temperature = (8°C - ((100-100)/5))
= 8°C
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a patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. what happens if the patient has antibodies against the influenza virus? group of answer choices agglutination hemolysis hemagglutination inhibition complement fixation hemagglutination
If the patient has antibodies against the influenza virus, hemagglutination inhibition will occur.
When a patient has antibodies against a specific virus, the antibodies will bind to the virus particles, rendering them incapable of infecting host cells. In the case of the influenza virus, these antibodies can specifically bind to a protein called hemagglutinin, which is found on the surface of the virus.
In the given scenario, when the patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube, the hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus can bind to the red blood cells, causing them to clump together in a process called hemagglutination.
However, if the patient has antibodies against the influenza virus, these antibodies will bind to the hemagglutinin on the surface of the virus, preventing it from binding to the red blood cells and thereby inhibiting hemagglutination. This phenomenon is called hemagglutination inhibition.
Therefore, the correct answer is hemagglutination inhibition.
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Whoever answers this ASAP with a detailed answer will get BRAINLIEST!!
The number of chromosomes overall, the sex chromosomes, and any additional or missing autosomal chromosomes are all noted here.
How should a karyotype notation be written?The following is the fundamental formula for creating a karyotype. The total number of chromosomes is listed first, followed by a comma. The sex chromosomal complement is listed as the second item. The usual karyotype for a girl is 46,XX, while the typical karyotype for a male is 46,XY.
P and Q on chromosomes stand for what?The centromere, a point of constriction on each chromosome, separates the chromosome into its two "arms." The "p arm" refers to the chromosome's short arm. The "q arm" refers to the long arm of the chromosome.
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The number of chromosomes overall, the sex chromosomes, and any additional or missing autosomal chromosomes are all noted here.
How should a karyotype notation be written?The basic method for developing a karyotype is as follows. Following a comma, the entire number of chromosomes is stated first. The second thing on the list is the female chromosomal complement. The normal male karyotype is 46,XY, while the typical female karyotype is 46,XX.
Each chromosome has a centromere, a spot of restriction that divides the chromosome into its two "arms." The small arm of the chromosome is known as the "p arm". The long arm of the chromosome is referred to as the "q arm".
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what is the use of water in plants
The skeleton is comprised of bones, cartilage, ligaments, are all which of the following structures?
connective tissue
erythrocytes
bursae
Triphosphate
The bones, cartilage, and ligaments that make up the skeleton are all examples of connective tissue components.
In what connective fibres does the skeleton consist?The main structural component of your body is the skeleton system. It is made up of bones and fibrous tissue, such as ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Another name for it is the muscular system. There are several different kinds of connective tissue, including elastic connective tissue, dense fibrous connective tissue, and loose connective tissue.
What is the skeleton system's structure?The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton are the two components of the skeletal skeleton. The cranium, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum make up the axial skeleton, which is the body's main structural component. The bones in the limbs make up the appendicular skeleton.
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How did the Greeks view the role and limits of government?
Responses
They thought that the government's role was to provide order in the community so the citizens would know what was expected of them.
They believed deeply in the wisdom of kingly rule.,
They thought that citizens should participate in the government, but did not offer citizenship to women, foreigners, and slaves.
They thought citizens should pay taxes to participate in the government, but that only wealthy residents should become citizens.
To determine which allele is dominant, it is necessary to perform multiple matings of the two parents. 1. Reset the simulation and make sure wild-type is selected for both parents Run the simulation five times so that you get a larger data set. (Do not reset the simulation in between runs. ) Record the data in a table, or take a screenshot of the data table in the simulation 4. Reset the simulation and select apterous for both parents Run the simulation five times so that you get a larger data set (Do not reset the simulation in between runs Compare the data from the apterous apterous cross to the data from the wild-type wild-type cross Which trait is dominant and how do you know?Which trait is dominant and how do you know? -type wings are dominant because wild-type parents can produce apterous offspringbut apterous parents can't produce wild-type offspring wings are dominant because this is the least common trait among the offspring Apterous wings are dominant because parents can produce both wildtype and apterous offspringbut wild-type parents can't producer apterous offspring Wild type wings are dominant because this is the most common trait among the offspring
Based on the answer options given, we can determine which trait is dominant. The correct answer is "Wild type wings are dominant because wild-type parents can produce apterous offspring but apterous parents can't produce wild-type offspring."
This is evidence of dominant inheritance because if a trait is recessive, then it would only be expressed if an individual has two copies of the recessive allele. If one parent is wild type (having at least one dominant allele) and the other parent is homozygous recessive (having two copies of the recessive allele), then all offspring would be heterozygous and exhibit the dominant trait.
However, if both parents are homozygous recessive, then all offspring would also be homozygous recessive and exhibit the recessive trait. In this case, since apterous parents can't produce wild-type offspring, it suggests that wild type wings are dominant and apterous wings are recessive.
Therefore, the right response is "Wild type wings are dominant because apterous parents cannot produce wild-type offspring but wild-type parents can create apterous offspring."
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Researchers use affinity chromatography, using beads coated with chains of poly-deoxythymidine (poly-dT) to isolate certain RNA molecules. The desired RNA will stick to the beads while unwanted RNAs will flow through the column. The retained RNA can then be eluted. What RNA species can be purified using this method? solvent flow 1 bead with covalently attached poly-dT desired RNA species other RNAS pass through Eukaryotic rRNA Both, the eukaryotic and bacterial mRNAs ō ō Ō Bacterial mRNA Eukaryotic mRNA
Answer: The RNA species that can be purified using affinity chromatography with beads coated with poly-deoxythymidine (poly-dT) are the mRNA molecules, both eukaryotic and bacterial. The poly-dT chains specifically bind to the poly-adenine tail present in most messenger RNAs, allowing them to be selectively retained while other RNAs flow through the column. Eukaryotic rRNA would not be purified by this method, as it does not contain a poly-adenine tail.
Explanation:
The RNA species that can be purified using affinity chromatography with beads coated with chains of poly-deoxythymidine (poly-dT) are eukaryotic mRNA.
An immobilised ligand and its binding partner engage in a specific binding interaction, which forms the basis of the separation technique known as affinity chromatography. Examples include interactions between an enzyme and a substrate, an enzyme and an inhibitor.
This is because eukaryotic mRNA molecules have a poly-A tail at their 3' end, which can bind to the poly-dT chains on the beads. The other RNA species, such as eukaryotic rRNA, bacterial mRNA, and bacterial rRNA, do not have a poly-A tail and therefore will not bind to the poly-dT chains.
As a result, these unwanted RNAs will flow through the column while the desired eukaryotic mRNA will stick to the beads. The retained eukaryotic mRNA can then be eluted from the beads using a solvent.
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What is the MOST likely reason that specialist predators can be more vulnerable to extinction than generalist predators? A. They have fewer alternatives if one food source disappears. B. They already have smaller population sizes than generalists do. C. They face more competition for resources than generalists do. D. They have fewer adaptations to their preferred environment.
They have fewer adaptatiοns tο their preferred envirοnment is the MOST likely reasοn that specialist predatοrs can be mοre vulnerable tο extinctiοn than generalist predatοrs, sο οptiοn (d) is cοrrect.
What is ecοsystem?In οrder tο create a bubble οf life, different species οf plants, animals, and οther living things cοhabit in an ecοsystem. Abiοtic (οr nοnliving) and biοtic (οr alive) elements cοexist in ecοsystems.
What is envirοnment ?The phrase "envirοnment" describes the entirety οf all elements, bοth living and nοn-living, and hοw they affect human life. Water, land, sunlight, rοcks, and air are examples οf nοn-living οr abiοtic cοmpοnents, whereas all biοtic οr life elements are animals, plants, fοrests, fisheries, and birds.
Therefοre, they have fewer adaptatiοns tο their preferred envirοnment is the MOST likely reasοn that specialist predatοrs can be mοre vulnerable tο extinctiοn than generalist predatοrs, sο οptiοn (d) is cοrrect.
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