Answer: Mesopotamian city-states were ruled by kings, and all of the people living there were subjects to the king, in a Greek polis, citizens had a say in the governing of the city-state and a king was not welcome. This type of government was unheard of in the ancient world until the Greek Archaic Period.
Explanation: A city-state, or polis, was the community structure of ancient Greece. Each city-state was organized with an urban center and the surrounding countryside. Characteristics of the city in a polis were outer walls for protection, as well as a public space that included temples and government buildings. May 19, 2022
THEO: According to Rosemary Ruether, what are the positive attributes or applications of an androgynous Jesus Christ? How is this a positive theology for women?
Explanation:
Rosemary Radford Ruether is a feminist theologian who has argued for an androgynous view of Jesus Christ in Christian theology. According to Ruether, an androgynous Jesus Christ would have several positive attributes or applications:
Emphasis on gender equality: An androgynous view of Jesus Christ would emphasize gender equality, since it would view Jesus as embodying both male and female qualities. This would challenge traditional patriarchal views of gender roles and promote a more inclusive and equitable vision of humanity.
Recognition of women's experiences: An androgynous view of Jesus Christ would also recognize the experiences of women in Christianity, since it would acknowledge that Jesus embodies both masculine and feminine traits. This would allow for a more nuanced and inclusive understanding of gender, and would help to elevate the voices and experiences of women within the Christian tradition.
Rejection of traditional gender norms: An androgynous view of Jesus Christ would challenge traditional gender norms, which tend to reinforce patriarchal power structures and limit the roles and opportunities available to women. By recognizing the value of both masculine and feminine traits, an androgynous view of Jesus Christ would help to break down these gendered barriers and promote greater gender equality.
Overall, Ruether argues that an androgynous view of Jesus Christ is a positive theology for women because it challenges traditional gender roles and promotes greater gender equality. By recognizing the value of both masculine and feminine qualities, an androgynous view of Jesus Christ can help to create a more inclusive and equitable Christian theology that recognizes the full humanity of all people, regardless of their gender.
Describe one change in culture that occurred in the Americas during the period 1450-1750 CE
The Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment are four significant cultural movements that were influenced by these fresh viewpoints. The world was revolutionized by these intellectual and expressional revolutions.
What is meant by Scientific Revolution?The 16th and 17th centuries saw a radical shift in scientific ideas that is known as the Scientific Revolution. It took the place of the Greek conception of nature, which had dominated science for for two thousand years.The scientific revolution, which stressed systematic experimentation as the most reliable research methodology, led to advancements in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry. These changes altered how society perceived nature. The adding machine is developed in 1645 by Blaise Pascal. Thomas Bartholin discovers the human lymphatic system in 1652. The fields of probability and statistics are created in 1654 by Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat. After creating a brand-new telescope that was the best in the world, Christiaan Huygens made the discovery of Saturn's rings in 1656.To lrearn more about Scientific Revolution, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/14231443
U.S. History
Chapter 42.2
In which US state would you find these three clues in the 1970s/80s/90s TV landscape?
Answer: Texas ,Delaware,virginia
Explanation:
The US state would you find these three clues in the 1970s/80s/90s TV landscape is Texas. Thus the correct option is B.
Who were Junior, Bobby, and Pamela?Texas served as the backdrop for the television series featuring Junior, Bobby, and Pamela. The TV series "The Waltons" featured the character Junior. The first time Pamela appeared on "Dallas," she played Bobby's wife.
The state's diverse geography, people, and history made it a popular setting for Western plays and other TV programs that needed a rural or southern backdrop to interpret the plot effectively.
Texas has long been a favorite destination for movies and television production, and it played a key role in the TV environment of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.
Therefore, option B is appropriate.
Learn more about Pamela, here:
https://brainly.com/question/1285644
#SPJ2
The complete question is Probably
In which US state would you find these three clues in the 1970s 80s 90s TV landscape: Junior, Bobby, Pamela?
a) New York
b) Texas
c) California
d) Florida
Guys can ya'll help me i need the summary of chapter 11 and 12 of the book two roads by Joseph Bruchac
In chapter 11 of Two Roads, Jesse and his father, Conner, are on a road trip to visit the Blackfeet Nation in Montana.
What is Nation?Nation is a large group of people sharing the same culture, language, traditions, and history who are also united by a common political identity. A nation is typically composed of multiple ethnic and/or linguistic groups and is often larger than a state. Nations are typically formed around distinctive characteristics such as a shared language, shared religious beliefs, shared geographical boundaries, shared political boundaries, and shared economic interests.
Conner is hoping to find some answers about his heritage, but Jesse is struggling to understand why his father has such a need to know. As they drive, Jesse notices that the landscape is changing, but he is still feeling disconnected from his father. When they arrive in Montana, Jesse is surprised to find that the people of the Blackfeet Nation are warm and welcoming.
In chapter 12 of Two Roads, Jesse and his father, Conner, attend the Blackfeet Nation powwow. Jesse is in awe of the regalia, the singing and dancing, and the traditional stories being shared. Conner and Jesse are welcomed by the elders and Jesse is invited to join the drum circle.
To learn more about Nation
https://brainly.com/question/1287645
#SPJ1
what article sets up the Executive Branch.
Under the new economic policy of 1921 what happened to the surplus of crops in Russian agriculture
Russia's agricultural output had returned to pre-World War I levels by the middle of the 1920s. Russia had produced almost 80 million tonnes of grain by 1913. This had decreased to less than 50 million tonnes by 1921.
What was accomplished by the 1921 New Economic Policy?The Soviet people were able to recover from years of war, civil conflict, and poor governance thanks to the New Economic Policy, which restored some economic stability. NEP guys were the small company owners and managers who prospered at this time.
What led to Russia's New Economic Policy?In an effort to revitalise the Russian economy, the Bolsheviks created the New Economic Policy (NEP) The Bolsheviks' attempt to rebuild the Russian economy following years of War Communism was known as Economic Policy (NEP). In order to ensure that the Red Army had adequate food and resources to win the civil war, war communism served as the country's economic policy from 1918 to 1921.
To know more about World War visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/1449762
#SPJ1
Which of the following provides a service that could be handled on the private sector? cabinet O independent regulatory agency O bureaucracy O government corporations
Answer:
government corporations
Explanation:
I think it is government corporations because they can be handled on the private sector.
Which created the most resentment among European nations?
countries mining their colonies for their own riches
countries taking over each other’s colonies
countries aiding the opposition forces in their colonies
countries establishing colonies next to theirs
Answer:
countries taking over each other’s colonies..Answer: B. countries taking over each others colonies
Explanation: Just Took the test on Edge
Read the passage below, written by Dr. James McCune Smith, an American
abolitionist. Based on this excerpt, what could an American abolitionist claim
about the Haitian Revolution to argue against slavery in the United States?
In regard to the army of Toussaint, General Lacroix, one of
the planters who returned, affirms "that never was a
European army subjected to a more rigid discipline than
that which was observed by the troops of Toussaint." Yet
this army was converted by the commander-in-chief into
industrious laborers, by the simple expedient of paying
them for their labor. "When he restored many of the
planters to their estates, there was no restoration of their
former property in human beings. No human being was to
be bought or sold. Severe tasks, flagellations, and scanty
food were no longer to be endured. The planters were
obliged to employ their laborers on the footing of hired
servants.
-1
1. James McCune Smith, Toussaint LOuverture and the Haytian Revolutions, February
26, 1841, Louverture Project, accessed May 2, 2013,
http://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Toussaint L%27
Ouverture_and_the_Haytian Revolutions.
A. Planters will be unwilling to fight in order to keep their slaves.
B. Enslaved people will revolt if slavery is not abolished immediately.
C. People work harder and do a better job when they are paid for their
work.
D. Winning freedom for enslaved people will be simpler than
previously believed.
Explanation:
Based on the excerpt, an American abolitionist could claim that paying enslaved people for their labor and treating them as hired servants can lead to a more disciplined and industrious workforce, as evidenced by the army of Toussaint during the Haitian Revolution. Therefore, an abolitionist could argue that abolishing slavery in the United States and treating formerly enslaved people as hired servants would lead to a more productive and efficient workforce. The closest option is C: "People work harder and do a better job when they are paid for their work."
Need help please I have to test on this so I’ll appreciate the help
Bolivar believed that South Americans were not ready for a republican government due to several reasons.
What were the reasons?He feared that the Spanish might do no better than the serfs that have to work for free.
Firstly, he believed that the people were not sufficiently educated or politically mature to understand the complexities of a republican system of government.
Secondly, Bolivar was concerned about the lack of infrastructure and institutions necessary for a functioning democratic government.
He believed that these would need to be established before a republic could be successful.
Finally, Bolivar was aware of the regional and cultural differences across South America, which he believed could undermine the stability of a republic.
For these reasons, Bolivar favored a centralized government led by a strong executive to ensure stability and progress.
Read more about Simon Bolivar here:
https://brainly.com/question/7670428
#SPJ1
Political Cartoons
Look at the political cartoons at the bottom of the assignment. What do you see and what do you think the artist is trying to say? Make sure you write your answers in complete sentences.
Cartoon 2
1. What are the key elements? (people, objects, labels, symbols, etc.) in the cartoon? What does each element represent?
2. What is the cartoons message? How does the cartoonist try to persuade the reader?
3. Do you find the political cartoon persuasive? Why or why not?
4. Do you think any groups of people might be offended by the cartoon? What groups might be offended, and why?
1. The key elements in the cartoon is symbols which represents liberty for the people.
2. The message of the political cartoon is struggle for people to achieve liberty.
3. I do not find the political cartoon persuasive because it only shows the struggle of a man.
What does the Statute of Liberty depicts?The Statue of Liberty, a universal symbol of liberty, stands in Upper New York Bay. Originally conceived as a symbol of friendship between the peoples of France and the United States, as well as a symbol of their mutual desire for liberty, the Statue has evolved into much more over the years.
The torch represents enlightenment. The torch of the Statue of Liberty illuminates the path to liberty, pointing us in the right direction. Even the official name of the Statue represents her most important symbol: "Liberty Enlightening the World."
Read more about Statute of Liberty
brainly.com/question/19551596
#SPJ1
Nixon's and Kissinger's triangular diplomacy was very successful in doing the following:
a. Neither of these.
b. Both of these.
c. The USSR agreed to a series of anti-ballistic missile treaties and better relations with the US
d. China reestablished normal relations with the US after nearly three decades.
Answer:
D is the right answer. After almost 30 years, China and the United States went back to having normal relations.
Nixon and Kissinger used triangular diplomacy to try to make things better between the US, the USSR, and China. The policy's main goal was to keep the balance of power in the world and keep any one country from becoming too powerful.
Option C isn't right because, even though the United States and the Soviet Union did talk about anti-ballistic missile treaties at this time, that wasn't the main point of triangular diplomacy. The US and the Soviet Union were able to get along better because both countries tried to make peace.
Option A is not the right answer because some of the goals of triangular diplomacy were met, especially with China.
Option B isn't right because triangular diplomacy wasn't used to do either of the other two things.
Need help on this please
Answer:
Explanation:
The best example of judicial activism among the options given would be c) interpreting the Constitution from a modern viewpoint.
Judicial activism refers to a judicial decision-making that is not confined to the strict interpretation of the law but rather involves the use of judicial power to advance personal or social objectives. Interpreting the Constitution from a modern viewpoint is an example of judicial activism because it involves the courts' expansion of constitutional rights and principles beyond their original scope to address contemporary social and political issues.
What is an effect of businesses laying off workers?
• Workers have less money to spend.
• Businesses have higher costs.
Businesses make more money.
• Workers demand higher wages.
Workers have less money to spend.
Explanation:
If Businesses lay off workers, they sometimes do not realize a net gain in profits because they lose the labor provided by their workers, which compensates for the money the company has by not paying them. If a worker is fired, how can he demand a higher salary? They can not. Businesses don't have higher costs, they have lower costs because they don't have to pay their workers. However, it didn't make more money for the company because they lost the labor that their employees were paying.
Layoffs are a last resort to maintain profits. The only thing that is certain is that the workers have less money to spend because they have just been laid off and they are not being paid. Therefore, the answer is preferred.
The effect of businesses laying off workers is that workers have less money to spend. The correct option is a.
What does laying off mean?A laying off is the temporary or permanent termination of employment by an employer for reasons unrelated to the employee's performance.
Employees may be laid off when companies aim to cut costs, due to a decline in demand for their products or services, seasonal closure, or during an economic downturn. When laid off, employees lose all wages and company benefits but qualify for unemployment insurance or compensation. Laid-off employees often do not lose their investment in company retirement plans such as a 401K and may be entitled to a severance package. A layoff differs from a firing for cause such as unacceptable workplace behavior, which generally does not qualify the fired worker for unemployment insurance.
Mass layoffs can damage the economies of the surrounding communities, especially those dependent on a single employer or industry.
Learn more about laying off, here:
https://brainly.com/question/29910206
#SPJ5
What is a quasar?
A system of stars held together by gravity.
A star that emits a repeated radio signal.
A star that emits intense radio and light energy.
A collapsed star emitting no light.
Two stars moving around each other.
Explanation:
A star that emits intense radio and light energy.
a quasar is a massive and extremely remote celestial object, emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy, and typically having a starlike image in a telescope. It has been suggested that quasars contain massive black holes and may represent a stage in the evolution of some galaxies.
i hope this helped!
What evidence was used to prove a link between Nixon and the Watergate burglars?
A. Fingerprints found on scene
B. Security camera footage from Watergate
C. Photographic evidence of involvement
D. Tape recordings of conversations
Answer:
D. Tape recordings of conversations
Explanation:
A. In what ways is modernism implicitly or explicitly expressed in "Tickets, Please!
B. What themes in this reading speak to a "changing time?"
Answer:
"Tickets, Please!" by D.H. Lawrence is a short story that exhibits modernism in both explicit and implicit ways.
Explicitly, the story's modernist elements can be seen in its fragmentation, stream-of-consciousness narration, and non-linear structure. For example, the story jumps back and forth between scenes and the narrator's thoughts, often without clear transitions, and presents characters who are alienated and struggling to find meaning in a changing world.
Implicitly, the story expresses modernism through its exploration of gender roles and sexuality. The women in the story are portrayed as strong, independent, and sexually liberated, defying traditional gender expectations. This is especially evident in the scene where Annie and John Thomas fight on the trolley car, and in the way that Annie and her friends take revenge on the men who have wronged them.
In terms of themes that speak to a "changing time," the story explores the tensions between tradition and modernity, the breakdown of social norms, and the impact of industrialization and urbanization on rural communities. The story is set during World War I, a time of great upheaval and change, and Lawrence captures the sense of disorientation and uncertainty that many people felt during this period.
Overall, "Tickets, Please!" reflects the modernist movement's rejection of traditional forms and values, and its embrace of experimentation, individualism, and new ways of thinking about the world.
What does he mean when he states that the soup tasted like corpses?
He thinks the soup tastes bad and can't think of another description.
He believes the soup has rotted and they should not be eating it.
He is drawing a link between what keeps them alive and the death that surrounds them.
He is making the comparison to show that he no longer wants to be alive and has lost hope.
Answer:
Explanation:
the most likely interpretation of the statement "the soup tasted like corpses" is that the person thinks the soup tastes bad and can't think of another description. This is a common use of hyperbole or exaggerated language to express a strong negative opinion or distaste for something. The comparison to corpses suggests that the taste was unpleasant or even repulsive, but it does not necessarily imply a deeper meaning such as a connection to death or hopelessness.
Answer:
the soup tast like a dead body
Of the changes mentioned in this activity,(History of Ohios Constitution by iCivics, Primary Source Activity side B) which do you think had the greatest impact on how the Ohio government functions and serves the people? Explain your answer thoroughly.
From the History of Ohio's Constitution by iCivics, several changes have been discussed that have impacted how the Ohio government functions and serves the people. Among these changes, I believe that the adoption of the Constitution had the greatest impact.
The 1851 Ohio ConstitutionThe 1851 Ohio Constitution was a significant change from the previous 1802 Constitution. It established a more modern government structure, including the separation of powers among three branches of government, which was modeled after the federal government. This new structure provided a system of checks and balances, where each branch could check the power of the others, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Another major change introduced by the 1851 Ohio Constitution was the expansion of the right to vote. Previously, only white men who owned property could vote, but the new constitution expanded voting rights to all white men, regardless of property ownership. This change paved the way for later expansions of voting rights, including the right to vote for women and people of color.
The 1851 Ohio Constitution included a provision for a constitutional convention to be held every 20 years. This provision allowed for the Ohio Constitution to be updated to reflect changing times and societal values.
Learn more about constitutions here https://brainly.com/question/24638264
#SPJ1
According to George Kennan how will the United States slow Russias expansive tendencies
George Kennan, a prominent American diplomat and historian, argued that the United States could slow Russia's expansive tendencies through a policy of "containment." Kennan believed that the Soviet Union's expansionist agenda was driven by its internal ideology and the desire for security, and that the US needed to contain Soviet influence and prevent its spread to other countries.
In his famous "Long Telegram" sent in 1946, Kennan suggested that the US should adopt a policy of "patient but firm and vigilant containment" of Soviet expansionism. This would involve using diplomatic, economic, and military means to prevent the spread of communism and Soviet influence, while also building up the US military and economic strength to deter Soviet aggression.
Kennan argued that the US needed to avoid direct military confrontation with the Soviet Union, but should instead rely on a policy of strategic containment to limit Soviet expansionism and eventually cause the Soviet system to collapse from within.
Overall, Kennan's ideas on containment had a significant impact on US foreign policy during the Cold War, and were influential in shaping the US response to Soviet expansionism for decades to come.
A bill passed in the House often differs at first from a Senate bill on the same subject. Why might this occur?
Answer:
Bills passed in the House of Representatives and the Senate may differ due to various reasons. One reason could be the difference in the political composition of the two houses, as each has its own membership and constituency. Additionally, the Senate has different rules and procedures, such as the filibuster, which can make it harder for bills to pass. Another reason could be that the two houses of Congress may have different priorities or perspectives on an issue, leading to differences in the details of proposed legislation. Finally, amendments made by one house to a bill may not be accepted by the other house, leading to further differences between the two versions. Ultimately, bills must go through a process of negotiation and compromise between the two houses before a final version is passed and sent to the President for approval.
A bill passed in the House of Representatives often differs at first from a Senate bill on the same subject due to the differences in the legislative processes and the composition of each chamber.
The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature, consisting of two separate chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each chamber has its own set of rules, procedures, and dynamics, which can lead to variations in the content and language of bills. Here are some reasons why these differences may occur:
1. Representation and Constituencies: The House of Representatives and the Senate represent different constituencies. Members of the House represent smaller districts within individual states, while Senators represent entire states. As a result, the interests and concerns of their constituents may differ, leading to variations in the content of bills addressing the same subject.
2. Committee Assignments: Bills are first introduced and reviewed in committees before being considered by the full chamber. Each chamber has its own set of committees with different areas of expertise. The committees in the House and Senate may have varying priorities and perspectives on specific issues, leading to different approaches in crafting legislation.
3. Amendments and Markups: As bills progress through the legislative process, they can be amended and modified in committees and on the floor of each chamber. Amendments added during committee markups or floor debates can significantly alter the content of the original bill, leading to differences between House and Senate versions.
4. Political and Partisan Factors: Political dynamics can also influence the content of bills. The House and Senate may have different party compositions, and partisan interests can shape the priorities and proposals of each chamber.
5. Time Constraints: The House and Senate often work on different timelines, and the pressure to pass legislation within specific timeframes can influence the scope and content of bills. Differences may arise due to the need to reconcile various legislative schedules.
6. Negotiations and Compromise: To become law, a bill must pass both the House and the Senate in identical form. As a result, differences in bills passed by each chamber can lead to negotiations and compromise during the process of reconciliation to produce a final version that can gain the support of both chambers.
Ultimately, these differences between House and Senate bills reflect the unique roles and structures of each chamber in the legislative process and the diverse perspectives of their members, resulting in distinct approaches to addressing legislative issues.
To know more about Senate:
https://brainly.com/question/30250862
#SPJ2
Please HELPPP FAST I need to have it done in 5 minutes
We can see here that completing the sentences, we have:
There are 18 Expressed Powers given to Congress total. Here are a few:
Financing the government, including the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises.Regulating trade with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Indian tribes.Defending the country by providing for the common defense and raising and supporting armies and a navy.Creating federal courts, including the power to establish inferior courts to the Supreme Court.What is Congress?Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government in the United States. It is made up of two separate but equal chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Together, these two bodies are responsible for making federal laws, levying taxes, regulating commerce, and performing a number of other important functions.
Completing the sentences with the appropriate words, we have:
Necessary and proper clause says that Congress can make laws on things that are not written into the constitution.
Because of the flexibility granted under this clause it has also been called the elastic clause.
Learn more about Congress on https://brainly.com/question/779570
#SPJ1
Who ruled as a dictator and strengthened the army, police, and central government
Answer:
There have been many leaders throughout history who ruled as dictators and strengthened the military, police, and central government in their respective countries. Without more specific information, it is difficult to provide a definitive answer to this question. Some examples of leaders who fit this description include Adolf Hitler in Germany, Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, and Augusto Pinochet in Chile.
julius caesar popped up too
Explanation:
how people of subcontinent used to perform religious ritual or worship god ?
Answer:
People sing Bhajans ,kirtans ,Quawallis to reach out to God. Some people mediate, some repeat and recite the name of the God in silence. We may give example of musical compositions that were written for the purpose of group singing at kirtans.
All of the following nations belong to the triple alliance prior to the start of World War I except for which one 
A Ottoman, empire
B Russia
C Great Britain
D France
Answer: I believe it's A - Ottoman Empire
Explanation:
Answer: ottoman empire
Write a one pager on the movie name butler
Main character Cecil Gaines
A Border of your choice
Character Traits/Personality
Indicate if the character is static or dynamic
2 Quotes from the character
Choose a scene the character is in that impacted them in some sort of way. How does the character react?
1 Civil Rights event that You connected with- Include minor details
Southern soldiers eventually became known for their
Select one:
a.
discipline and determination
b.
cowardice in battle
c.
lack of proper training
d.
none of the above
The reputation of Confederate soldiers among Southern soldiers has finally improved.
What name did Southerners go by during the Civil War?The term "Confederate" is frequently used to describe all personnel of the Confederate military (army, navy, and marine corps), while "Confederate troops" was used to describe the Confederate army.Confederate soldiers fought to establish a distinct and independent nation based on what they referred to as "Southern institutions," the most important of which was the institution of slavery.The Southerners were referred to as "Rebels," while the Northerners were termed "Yankees." These monikers were occasionally further condensed to "Yanks" and "Rebs." Each soldier first wore whatever uniform he had from his state's militia, which resulted in uniforms that didn't match.Therefore, the correct option is d) none of the above
To learn more about Southern soldiers, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/1208903
re and Geography Sem 2 2.5.2 Test (CST): From One World War to the Next Question 5 of 20 What was one of the major elements of Soviet totalitarianism under Vladimir Lenin? O A. Corporations were given the freedom to operate without government regulation. B. Soviet children were encouraged to imitate role models from the United States. C. The Soviet police force was stripped of its power and was unable to maintain order. D. Religious beliefs were forbidden, and religious organizations wer
Religious practises were outlawed, as were religious organisations.
What is the Cold War in one word?An international conflict known as a "cold war" is characterised by the lack of an overt military confrontation and the pursuit of goals mostly through economic and political operations, propaganda, espionage, or fights waged through proxy forces.
What is the Cold War in one word?An international conflict known as a "cold war" is characterised by the lack of an overt military confrontation and the pursuit of goals mostly through economic and political operations, propaganda, espionage, or fights waged through proxy forces. The phrase is most frequently used in reference to the 1947–1991 American–Soviet Cold War.
To know more about religious visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/2033969
#SPJ1
Question:
From One World War to the Next Question 5 of 20
What was one of the major elements of Soviet totalitarianism under Vladimir Lenin?
A. Corporations were given the freedom to operate without government regulation.
B. Soviet children were encouraged to imitate role models from the United States.
C. The Soviet police force was stripped of its power and was unable to maintain order.
D. Religious beliefs were forbidden, and religious organizations were suppressed.
How did Americans politicians respond to the French Revolution?
Explanation: The United States remained neutral, as both Federalists and Democratic-Republicans saw that war would lead to economic disaster and the possibility of invasion.