In an area with a heterogeneous distribution of suitable habitats, the dispersion pattern of a population is probably clumped.
What is meant by heterogenous distribution?Heterogeneity means that your populations, samples and results are different. It is the opposite of homogeneity, which means that the population, data and results are the same. A heterogeneous population is the one where every member has a different value for the characteristic you're interested in.
Homogenous means alike whereas heterogenous means distinct from one another. Therefore, homogenous population has little variation and you could refer to a specific trait such as hair color or you could also refer to genetic diversity.
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The characteristic that determines which generation in plants is dominant is the generation that.
The characteristic that determines which generation in plants is dominant is the generation that is diploid.
Diploid is a time period that refers to the presence of whole units of chromosomes in an organism's cells, with every discern contributing a chromosome to every pair. Humans are diploid, and maximum of the body's cells include 23 chromosomes pairs.
Humans have forty six chromosomes in every diploid cell. Among those, there are sex-figuring out chromosomes, and 22 pairs of autosomal, or non-sex, chromosomes. The general range of chromosomes in diploid cells is defined as 2n, that is two times the range of chromosomes in a haploid cell (n).
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it is the ___ and ___ of amino acids that determines the shape and function of a protein.
It is the folds and structure of amino acids that determines the shape and function of a protein.
What are amino acids?
Both as the building blocks of proteins and as metabolic intermediaries, amino acids perform crucial functions. Proteins include 20 amino acids, which offer a wide range of chemical diversity. A given protein's exact amino acid composition and amino acid sequence are defined by the bases in the gene that codes for that protein. The biological activity of a protein is determined by the chemical characteristics of its amino acids.The information needed to predict how a protein will fold into a three-dimensional structure and the stability of the resultant structure is also contained in the amino acid sequences of proteins. Since many years ago, the study of protein folding and stability has been of utmost importance. It is still one of the world's greatest mysteries. But research into it is ongoing, and daily advancements are being made.What are proteins?
The body is made up of protein, which may be found in almost every organ, tissue, and body component, including muscle, bone, skin, and hair. It contributes to the production of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood, and enzymes, which drive numerous chemical processes. Twenty-plus fundamental building components known as amino acids are used to create protein. Our bodies produce amino acids in two distinct ways since we cannot store them: either from scratch or by altering existing ones. The essential amino acids, also known as histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine, must be obtained from diet.Hence, the folds and structure determines the shape and structure of protein.
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the aspect of personal health that is most within your control is multiple choice lifestyle. environment. genetic inheritance. human biology.
One aspect of personal health that can be controlled is lifestyle.
Health is a necessity for all humans as well as even living things. By having health we are protected from various kinds of diseases and can do many other normal activities. Many things can affect a person's health such as genetic inheritance and the environment. Genetic inheritance in a disease is something that is difficult to change because it is inherited from the baby. While the polluted environment is also an effect of big negative things like fossil fuels from vehicles or factory fumes where we can't change it in a day or two.
Aspects of health that affect a person's health that can be changed is lifestyle. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, our body will be healthy. We can start to regulate our diet and exercise diligently to have a healthy body.
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if you cross 2 of the gray sheep's offspring, what phenotypic ratio would you expect to see in the f2?
The observed traits in the F2 offspring will show a ratio of three dominant to one recessive because homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals are phenotypically identical.
It is predicted that a cross between two heterozygous F1 hybrids will result in offspring with a 1:2:1 ratio of genotypes to phenotypes for that trait. A heterozygous person's testcross produced a 1:1 ratio in the monohybrid cross. You should anticipate a 1:1:1:1 ratio with the dihybrid cross.
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________ splicing allows different combinations of exons from the same gene to synthesize different proteins.
A) Alternative
B) Cooperative
C) Successive
D) Passive
The correct option is A) Alternative splicing. Alternative splicing modifies the proteins that mRNAs encode, which has significant functional implications.
Alternative splicing's overarching goal is to broaden the variety of mRNAs that are expressed in the genome. An experimental examination of these protein isoforms revealed that alternative splicing controls the binding of proteins to one another, nucleic acids, and membranes. Alternative splicing controls how proteins are localized, how they function enzymatically, and how they interact with ligands. Individual splicing isoforms often result in minor modifications. However,' splicing programs' are frequently coordinated by cells, and this can have a significant impact on the nervous system's properties as well as cell survival and proliferation. Alternative splicing appears as a crucial component in gene control that disrupts practically every biological function studied because of its extensive utilization and molecular adaptability.
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Your profeor ha given you an aignment to write a reearch paper on a biological topic of your choice. What i/are the very firt thing/ you hould do? (elect all that apply)
An academic article known as a research paper offers a through examination, assessment, or interpretation of a specific subject supported by empirical data.
What is research paper?
Successfully completing a research paper entails completing the precise responsibilities assigned to you.
Read it carefully, looking for any unclear language you might require your lecturer to explain.Determine the assignment's purpose, due date, length requirements, format, and submission method.Make a list of the main points in bullet points, and as you write, go back and check off the items as you go.The following subject topics connected to the act of producing a research paper are covered in the pages in this section:
Genre-The outline in this part will help you comprehend the distinctions between an analytical and an argumentative research paper.
Selecting a Topic: This part will help the student select a topic, whether it is one that has been provided to them or one that they choose themselves.
Identifying an Audience - By providing some fundamental rules for the procedure, this part will assist the learner in understanding the issue of audience, which is frequently perplexing.
Where Do I Begin- This portion of the handout's conclusion offers a number of links to Purdue University resources and offers a summary of the process of producing a research paper.
Hence, An academic article known as a research paper offers a through examination, assessment, or interpretation of a specific subject supported by empirical data.
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Sexual reproduction results in unique genetic combinations due to the crossing over of non-sister chromatids. During which process does this take place?
Sexual reproduction results in unique genetic combinations due to the crossing over of non-sister chromatids . The process takes place in the prophase 1 where basically the genetic material is changed.
What are the chromatids ?These are the identical half portions of the chromosomes that are replicated during the process of the cell replication.
Crossing over takes place during meiosis where the exchange of the genetic material where the homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and the segments of the DNA are interchanged where the genetic information is changed as well.
In case of sexual reproduction, it produces genetic variations where due to independent assortment and the crossing over in meiosis in the case of meiosis the random mating will produce hybrids.
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Which of the following events occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
NADP+ is produced.
ATP is consumed to yield ADP.
Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.
Carbon dioxide is fixed in organic molecules.
option B Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.
occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Light energy is converted into chemical energy by light-dependent reactions. The goal of photosynthesis's light-dependent reactions is to collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. These two energy-storing molecules are then put to use in light-independent reactions.
Light reactions, also referred to as photolysis reactions, convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. These reactions must occur in the presence of light and in plant chloroplasts.
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what are different pathways by which carbon could get from one tree into another tree? select all that apply.
Options A, C, and D are the different pathways by which carbon could get from one tree into another tree.
A rabbit consumes carbon by consuming tree leaves. Through cellular respiration, the rabbit emits CO2 into the atmosphere. Another tree absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and absorbs carbon into its tissues.
In a forest fire, a tree burns, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Another tree absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and absorbs carbon into its tissues.
When a tree breathes, CO2 is released into the atmosphere through cellular respiration. Another tree absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and absorbs carbon into its tissues.
The complete question is:
What are the different pathways by which carbon could get from one tree into another tree? select all that apply.
(A). A rabbit eats leaves from the tree, taking in carbon. The rabbit performs cellular respiration, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Another tree takes in the CO2 from the air and incorporates the carbon into its tissues,
(B). A rabbit eats leaves from the tree, taking in carbon that becomes part of its tissues. The carbon then becomes part of the bobcat's tissues. When the bobcat defecates, it leaves carbon near another tree, which takes up the carbon through its roots.
(C). a tree burns in a forest fire, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Another tree takes in the CO2 from the air and incorporates the carbon into its tissues,
(D). a tree performs cellular respiration, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Another tree takes in the CO2 from the air and incorporates the carbon into its tissues.
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Which of the following occurs when digestion of organic molecules results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by the animal?
The excess is stored as glycogen when when digestion of organic molecules results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by the animal.
What is glycogen?
Our cells' primary fuel source is glucose. The liver and muscles store the glucose when the body doesn't need to use it for energy. Glycogen is the name given to the stored form of glucose, which is composed of many linked glucose molecules.
To assist control your blood glucose (sugar) levels, your body mostly uses the glycogen reserve in your liver. The hormones glucagon and insulin are largely used by your body to properly maintain blood glucose levels. Your pancreas releases extra glucagon (glucagon excess) when your blood glucose levels drop too low (hypoglycemia).
Therefore, The excess is stored as glycogen when when digestion of organic molecules results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by the animal.
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what is the difference between a cooperative and a noncooperative game? part 2 the difference between a cooperative and a noncooperative game is that
In order to produce and capture value in unstructured interactions, agents compete and work together as coalitions in cooperative games. Non-cooperative games use a precise description of the actions and information that each agent can access to model the behaviors of agents and maximize their utility in a given procedure.
A formal cartel agreement, like OPEC, or a joint venture are examples of cooperative games. The race to secure a patent in research and development is an illustration of a non-cooperative game.
While non-cooperative game theory concentrates on the actions players should make logically, cooperative game theory concentrates on how much players can appropriate given the value each coalition of players can provide.
Cooperative games (co-op games) are a type of leisure or sport in which participants cooperate to accomplish a shared goal. A co-op game aims to place more of a focus on the social components of play or sport while lessening the emphasis on competitiveness. In contrast to cooperative games, non-cooperative games feature individual player competition, and alliances can only function there if they are self-enforcing (e.g. through credible threats).
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as the amount of lateral gene transfer in a taxon increases, it becomes more difficult to infer relationships among lineages within the taxon and more difficult to infer species boundaries.
As the amount of lateral gene transfer in a taxon increase, it becomes more difficult to infer relationships among lineages within the taxon and more difficult to infer species boundaries.
Phylogenetic trees made up of sequences from the same group of species can diverge due to lateral genetic transmission. Tree comparisons can be used to pinpoint the lineages that might have shared genetic information in cases where topological discordance is believed to have resulted from genetic transfer events. A series of subtree prune and regraft (SPR) operations can be used to represent an "edit path" of one or more transfer events, however, determining the best set of operations for this purpose is NP-hard for comparisons between rooted trees and possibly for unrooted trees as well.
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one modification that could be made to the investigation would be to measure the surface organic material in different seasons. describe how this modification could alter the results of the study.
That one modification that could be made to the investigation would be to measure the surface organic material in different seasons are Chemical and spectroscopic methods.
Chemical and spectroscopic strategies had been used to symbolize natural count ameliorations in the course of the composting process. The growing attention of carbon dioxide in our ecosystem can also additionally reason the microbes withinside the soil to paintings quicker to interrupt down natural count, doubtlessly freeing even greater carbon dioxide.
The maximum not unusualplace approach used to estimate the quantity of natural count found in a soil pattern is with the aid of using measuring the load misplaced with the aid of using an oven-dried (105°C) soil pattern whilst it's far heated to 400°C; that is regarded as 'loss on ignition', basically the natural count is burnt off.
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darwin claims that sexual selection is ""less rigid in its action than ordinary selection"" – is this necessarily true?
The sentence is necessarily true. Sexual selection is a biological way one sex chooses a mate for the best reproductive success.
In The Origin of Species, Darwin put out the theory of sexual selection and elaborated on it. By presenting copious data and taking into account the idea's wide-ranging consequences, he went well beyond a straightforward explanation of the phenomena. One of Darwin's greatest assets was that he frequently wrote his literary works with a specific point in mind and gathered a tonne of data to back it up. The main goal of The Descent of Man was to demonstrate that evolutionary principles applied to humans and that we came from an ape-like common ancestor, despite the fact that Darwin's contribution to the idea of sexual selection is what gives the book its most well-known reputation.
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some cancer cells are missing a key protein needed to repair double-strand dna breaks. they survive by relying on alternative dna repair mechanisms. to treat these cancers, researchers have developed drugs that do which of the following?
B) promote alternate DNA repair mechanisms in normal cells. Mutations in certain DNA repair mechanisms increase the vulnerability to different cancer forms.
While it is illogical to believe that stopping DNA repair processes could be a viable strategy for eliminating cancer cells, careful identification of DNA repair proteins that play essential roles in maintaining DNA integrity is a strategy that appears to have promise in the arsenal of cancer treatments.
Long recognized as a contributing element in the development of cancer, DNA damage. Erroneous DNA repair can result in mutations or chromosomal abnormalities that influence tumor suppressor and oncogene genes, causing aggressive development in cells. Cancer can be caused by genetic abnormalities. However, DNA damage continues to offer a crucial route for chemo and radiation, in addition to being a primary factor in the genesis of cancer.
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which of the following is a comprehensive and useful tool when performing exercise testing or prescribing exercise to an individual with cardiovascular disease?
The baseline exercise test remains the gold standard approach to prescribing exercise among heart disease patients.
Aerobic exercise is a central component of cardiac rehabilitation. Leading organizations recommend that exercise prescriptions be based on a baseline symptom-limited graded exercise test. However, clinicians must be prepared to safely develop and monitor patients when baseline GXT is not performed. Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive treatment process that focuses on providing supervised aerobic exercise training, along with the provision of ancillary services (eg, nutritional counseling, smoking cessation, psychosocial support) for patients with medical conditions like cardiovascular diseases. The prescription of safe and progressive exercise programs in cardiac rehabilitation is essential to improve functional capacity, which is a key prognostic indicator for cardiovascular disease patients.
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When four hydrogen atoms bind with oxygen and four electrons, what molecule is created?
Answer:tyrone
Explanation:
purple-flowered tall plants (rrtt) are crossed with white-flowered dwarf plants (wet). in the f2 generation, of 16 possible combinations, how many would be white, tall
When a purple-colored tall plant crosses with white colored dwarf plant, in the F2 generation out of 16 possible combinations three will be white and tall plants.
In the F1 generation cross between a homozygous purple-colored tall plant and white colored dwarf plant results in the purple-colored tall plant but with a heterozygous genotype. When a heterozygous plant is inbred with another heterozygous purple-colored tall plant there are sixteen possible genotypes are possible out of which 10 are with the parental phenotype (Purple tall and dwarf white) and 6 are with the recombined phenotype(purple dwarf and white tall).
This type of cross in which two traits are considered ( tallness and flower color) is a dihybrid cross.
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What is the source of the thermal energy that heats our planet's atmosphere?
Earth's core
Green plants
The Sun
Fossil Fuels
lyme disease is caused by infections of the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi which is transferred to humans via blood-sucking bites from the tick, ixodes scapularis. newly hatched ticks do not harbor b. burgdorferi. rather, they pick it up from certain hosts that are reservoirs of the bacterium. when a larval tick crawls onto a host, it may get groomed off and killed by the host, or it may feed successfully, in which case it may or may not then become infected with b. burgdorferi.
Hard-bodied ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), which carry the spirochetal bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), are the primary vectors of the Lyme disease infection.
Hard-bodied ticks commonly transmit the spirochetal bacteria that causes Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) (Acari: Ixodidae). Every time this tick-borne zoonosis is brought up in medical offices and ERs, a tempest of debate ensues. Healthcare professionals frequently fall into denial and deny the existence of this deadly spirochetosis in their region. We carried out a 4-year tick-host study (2013–2016) and collected ticks from avian and mammalian hosts from Atlantic Canada to the West Coast to determine the distribution of Bbsl across Canada. 1265 ticks total, representing 27 tick species from four genera, were gathered. Six of the 18 tick species that were tested for Bbsl were among the 15 species that tested positive (83%) and bitten people. 13 out of 18 overall ticks
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several organisms have a homologous protein (inherited from a common ancestor) that is highly similar at the amino acid level. you are comparing the genes that code for these proteins in the different organisms when you note that one of the codon nucleotide positions shows more nucleotide variation than the other nucleotide positions. in which codon nucleotide position do you expect to see the most variability among species?
Third nucleotide position.
What is genes?The chromosomes contain genes that code for proteins.
A gene is composed of a deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) sequence that is converted by RNA polymerase into a messenger ribonucleotide (mRNA) sequence.
With the aid of the ribosome, this mRNA sequence is further translated into the amino acid sequence, which folds to form the functional protein.
Each triplet nucleotide read by the ribosome codes for an amino acid. The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence as triplets (three nucleotides together).
Such triplet nucleotides are referred to as codons.
The amino acid that each codon encodes is shown in a table called the genetic code.
The genetic code, however, is inherently degenerate. This implies that many genes can code for a single amino acid.
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from which component of the light-dependent reactions does nadph form most directly? group of answer choices photosystem ii photosystem i cytochrome complex atp synthase
Between the two photosystems, electrons are transported successively, with photosystem I producing NADPH and photosystem II producing ATP.
The photosynthetic reaction center of R's photosystem II serves as the starting point of the electron flow channel.
There are two electron transport chains that produce ATP and NADPH. Water is consumed in the light processes, and oxygen is created. Due to the need for sunlight to initiate the process, these reactions can only take place during the day.
Once more excited by solar energy, the electron has the necessary momentum to cross the membrane and enter the stroma, where it combines with a hydrogen ion and an NADP+ to form the energy-containing molecule NADPH.
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a retrotransposon known as line1 is about 1000 base pairs (bp) in length and is present in the human genome in about 516,000 copies. approximately what percentage of the human genome is accounted for by this transposon?
A retrotransposon known as line1 is about 1000 base pairs (bp) in length and is present in the human genome in about 516,000 copies about 17% of the human genome is accounted for by this transposon.
Let's start by mentioning that there are approximately 3,000,000,000,000,000 base pairs in the human genome.
Therefore, if this retrotransposon has 516,000 copies and is around 1,000 base pairs in size, it will ultimately produce 516,000,000 base pairs.
Let's consider,
516 million
--------------------- × 100
3000 million
= 17.2% (approximately 17%)
It provides us with a portion of the human genome that belongs to this transposon.
Transposable elements are DNA nucleic acid sequences that have the ability to move around the genome, occasionally causing or reversing mutations and changing a cell's genetic makeup and genome size. The same genetic material is duplicated frequently as a result of transpositions. Mutagens are transposons. Different mutations are possible in them.
A transposon has the ability to harm a gene when it inserts itself there. Gene activity can be disrupted or altered by insertions into exons, introns, or even the DNA around genes (which may contain promoters and enhancers).
The following three categories of transposons have been identified:
1. Class II transposons
2. Miniature inverted transposons (MITE or class III transposons)
3. Retrotransposons (class I transposons)
The complete question is:
A retrotransposon known as a line1 is about 1000 base pairs (bp) in length and is present in the human genome in about 516,000 copies. approximately what percentage of the human genome is accounted for by this transposon?
(A). 0.0017%
(B). 0.017%
(C). 0.17%
(D). 1.7%
(E). 17%
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which of the following terms refers to the process through which a drug can increase the enzymes produced by the liver? a. neural amplification b. metabolic termination c. psychotropic induction d. enzyme induction
The answer is d) Enzyme induction. It refers to the increase in the amount of enzyme protein as a result of some stimulus.
The enzyme repression refers to a decrease in enzyme after a stimulus. They are more frequently seen in bacterial enzyme control, but less frequently in vertebrate metabolism. Enzymes help to speed up chemical reactions in the human body. They are essential for breathing, food digestion, muscle and nerve functioning, among countless other processes. Each cell in the human body has a variety of enzymes. Enzymes can help the internal chemical processes of each cell. Since they are not harmed in the process, each enzyme can be recycled by a cell multiple times. Enzymes help with specific tasks that are necessary for the body to function and for general health.
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How would the porosity of rock affect the formation of copper ore?
Any rock or loose sediment has permeability and porosity, which are related characteristics. Both depend on how many, how big, and how connected the rock's openings are. A rock's porosity, in more precise terms, is a measurement of its capacity to contain a fluid.
How does rock porosity impact the amount of runoff from particles?The type of relationship and the extent to which the positions of rock fragments influence this relationship are both governed by the porosity of the soil in close proximity to the rock fragments. When well embedded in a surface seal, rock fragments increase runoff and sediment yield.
Hot sulphur solutions produced by volcanic eruptions led to the deposition of the metal copper. The copper was up to a thousand times more concentrated in the hot solutions than it would typically be in rocks. Copper ores are the enriched rocks that are the result.
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What role does cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle?
It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during glycolysis.
It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle.
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation.
It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during electron transport
Answer:
It releases CO2 into the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation.
Explanation:
During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose molecules into water and carbon dioxide to produce ATP. ATP is the power that a body needs to function. There are 4 stages of cellular respiration which are Glycolysis, Pyruvate oxidation, the Citric-acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
In 'pyruvate oxidation', each pyruvate from the glycolysis goes into mitochondria and is converted into a two-carbon molecule bound to coenzyme A. It is known as CoA. Carbon dioxide is released.
Answer: C
Explanation:
edge
photosynthesis and cellular respiration are often described in two ways: (1) they are chemically opposite; and (2) they have a relationship to each other. explain what these two statements mean
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are chemically opposite because the products of one process are the reactants for another process and vice versa. Inter-related to each other, since photosynthesis produces glucose, which is used in cellular respiration.
1) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are often described as been chemically opposite because the products of one process are the reactants for another process and vice versa. The reactants of cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen and these are the products of photosynthesis also. During the process of photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. And during cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, which are the reactants of the photosynthesis.
2)Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are inter-related to each other, since photosynthesis produces glucose, which is used in cellular respiration to synthesis energy in the cells of living organisms. Thus, the glucose producing plants depend on the living organisms that carried out cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide and water. And it is necessary reactants for photosynthesis process. The organisms having cellular respiration also depend on plants to produce glucose and oxygen for their use.
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chromosome breakage and abnormal re-attachment is one mechanism that causes a reciprocal translocation. another mechanism to cause the same structural change involves a crossover between nonhomologous chromosomes.
Yes, Chromosome breakage and abnormal re-attachment is one mechanism that causes a reciprocal translocation. Another mechanism involves a crossover between nonhomologous chromosomes.
Crossover between nonhomologous chromosomes, chromosomal breakage, and DNA repair all results in reciprocal translocations. Chromosomes that do not come from the same pair are referred to as non-homologous chromosomes. In non-homologous chromosomes, the form of the chromosome—that is, the length of the arms and the location of the controller—is generally different. Therefore, meiosis does not result in the pairing of non-homologous chromosomes.
Homologous genes are described as two or more genes that have a common ancestor. In a genetic context, however, they have a more precise meaning: ancestry is knowledge about your ancestors' genetic tie to you. Your ancestors are the people from whom you are biologically related.
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What Kingdom and class would this fossil belong to? Explain your choice.
Answer:
Kingdom: Animalia Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Explanation:
It is an animal (thus Animalia) and it belongs to class of Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) since it has clearly visible 'rays,' or spines, in their fins
explain why low levels of ozone are typically recorded in the morning (hint: how does ground-level ozone form):
Low levels of ozone are typically recorded in the morning because industrial unit emissions, motor vehicle emissions, chemical reactions, and sunlight are lowest in the morning.
Morning ozone levels are normally low because the activity of ground-level ozone-producing sources such as industrial unit emissions, motor vehicle emissions, chemical reactions, and sunlight is lowest in the morning. Nitrogen oxide and volatile organic molecules are formed by the emission of these units. Ground-level ozone is created by the chemical interaction between nitrogen oxide with a volatile organic molecule in the presence of sunlight. The combination of low emission and low solar light creates an unfavorable environment for ozone production. As a result, the morning ozone level is lowered.
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