Given a function f(x) = -2a²+bx+4 and a line y = r, we need to find the value of b so that the vertex of the parabola lies on the given line.Let's begin by finding the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola represented by the given function.
To do this, we first need to rewrite the given function in the standard form of a parabolic equation, which is f(x) = a(x - h)² + k, where (h, k) is the vertex of the parabola, and a determines the direction of the opening of the parabola and its steepness. Therefore, -2a²+bx+4 = a(x - h)² + k. Comparing the coefficients, we get b = 2ah, and k = -2a² + 4. To find h, we can either use the formula -b/2a or plug in the value of b in terms of h into the formula for the vertex (h, k). For simplicity, let's use the latter method.
Therefore, the vertex of the parabola is given by (h, k) = (h, -2a² + 4). Plugging this into the standard form of the equation and simplifying, we get f(x) = a(x - h)² - 2a² + 4. Now we know that the vertex of this parabola must lie on the line y = r, so substituting y = r and solving for x, we get x = h ± √(r + 2a² - 4)/a. Now substituting this value of x in the equation for the vertex, we get r = -2a² + 4 ± (h ± √(r + 2a² - 4))^2. Simplifying this equation, we get a quadratic in h, which can be solved using the quadratic formula. After simplifying, we get h = b/4a, which implies that b = 4ah. Therefore, substituting b = 4ah in the equation of the parabola, we get f(x) = a(x - b/4a)² - 2a² + 4. This is the parabolic equation with vertex on the line y = r.
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The equation of the quadratic function that has vertex on the line y = r can be derived as follows; Consider a quadratic function of the form f[tex](x) = ax^2+bx+c.[/tex]
The vertex of this function is given by (-b/2a, f(-b/2a))Let's assume that the vertex of the quadratic function f(x) = -2a²+bx+4 is on the line y = r.
Hence, we can write [tex]f(-b/2a) = r ==> -2a²+b(-b/2a)+4 = r[/tex]Simplifying the above equation, we get-2a² - (b²/4a) + 4 = r
Multiplying the above equation by -4a, we get8a³ + b²a - 16a²r = 0
Dividing by 8a, we geta² + (b²/8a²) - 2r = 0This is a quadratic equation in (b/√(8)a), which can be solved using the quadratic formula as follows; b/√(8)a = ± √(4r - a²)
Multiplying both sides by √(8)a, we getb = ± √(8a)(4r - a²)
Hence, the value of b such that f(x) = -2a²+bx+4 has vertex on the line
[tex]y = r is given byb = ± √(8a)(4r - a²)[/tex]
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Please take your time and answer both questions. Thank
you!
50 12. Evaluate (5+21) i-1 13. Find the sum of the infinite geometric sequence: 1 + 9 27
Evaluating the expression (5 + 21)i - 1 we get 26i - 1. The sum of the infinite geometric sequence 1, 9, 27, ... is -1/2.
12. We can evaluate the expression as follows:
(5 + 21)i - 1= 26i - 1
This is because (5 + 21) = 26, therefore, we get:26i - 1 Answer: 26i - 1
13. The given geometric sequence is: 1, 9, 27, ...
We can see that the common ratio between the terms is 3 (i.e. 9/1 = 3 and 27/9 = 3).Therefore, we can write the sequence in general form as:1, 3, 9, 27, ...We need to find the sum of the infinite geometric sequence given by this general form. We know that the sum of an infinite geometric sequence can be found using the formula:
S∞ = a1/(1 - r),where a1 is the first term and r is the common ratio.
Substituting a1 = 1 and r = 3, we get:
S∞ = 1/(1 - 3)= -1/2
Therefore, the sum of the infinite geometric sequence 1, 9, 27, ... is -1/2.Answer: -1/2
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Consider the differential equation & : 2"(t) - 42"(t) + 4.r(t) = 0. (i) Find the solution of the differential equation & (ii) Assume x(0) = 1 and x'(0) = 2 and find the solution of & associated to these conditions.
Given differential equation is:2"x(t) - 42"x(t) + 4r(t) = 0Given differential equation is a second order linear homogeneous coordinates
differential equation, whose characteristic equation is:2m² - 42m + 4 = 0 ⇒ m² - 21m + 2 = 0Solving above quadratic equation, we get:m₁ = 20.9282 and m₂ = 0.0718So,
the general solution of the given differential equation can be written as:x(t) = C₁e⁽²⁰.⁹²⁸²t⁾ + C₂e⁽⁰.⁰⁷¹⁸t⁾Where C₁ and C₂ are constants of integration.To find the solution of the differential
This is the answer to the given problem.
This answer is a as we have to solve the given differential equation using the standard method of finding the general solution of second order linear homogeneous differential equation and then find the solution of the differential equation associated with the given initial conditions.
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Find the derivative of each function. (a) F₁(x) = 9(x4 + 6)5 4 F₁'(x) = (b) F2(x) = 9 4(x4 + 6)5 F₂'(x) = (c) F3(x) = (9x4 + 6)5 4 F3'(x) = 9 (d) F4(x): = (4x4 + 6)5 F4'(x) = *
The derivatives of the given functions, F₁(x), F₂(x), F₃(x), and F₄(x) are F₁'(x) = 180x³(x⁴ + 6)⁴, F₂'(x) = -45x³(x⁴ + 6)⁴, F₃'(x) = 180x³(9x⁴ + 6)⁴, F₄'(x) = 80x³(4x⁴ + 6)⁴
The derivatives of the functions, F₁(x), F₂(x), F₃(x), and F₄(x) are shown below:
a) F₁(x) = 9(x⁴ + 6)⁵ 4
F₁'(x) = 9 × 5(x⁴ + 6)⁴ × 4x³ = 180x³(x⁴ + 6)⁴
b) F₂(x) = 9 4(x⁴ + 6)⁵
F₂'(x) = 0 - (9/4) × 5(x⁴ + 6)⁴ × 4x³ = -45x³(x⁴ + 6)⁴
c) F₃(x) = (9x⁴ + 6)⁵ 4
F₃'(x) = 5(9x⁴ + 6)⁴ × 36x³ = 180x³(9x⁴ + 6)⁴
d) F₄(x): = (4x⁴ + 6)⁵
F₄'(x) = 5(4x⁴ + 6)⁴ × 16x³ = 80x³(4x⁴ + 6)⁴
Therefore, the derivatives of the given functions, F₁(x), F₂(x), F₃(x), and F₄(x) are
F₁'(x) = 180x³(x⁴ + 6)⁴
F₂'(x) = -45x³(x⁴ + 6)⁴
F₃'(x) = 180x³(9x⁴ + 6)⁴
F₄'(x) = 80x³(4x⁴ + 6)⁴
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Find an example of a group G acting transitively on a set X (G
has only one orbit) and a subgroup H of G which has less than
[G:H]=n orbits.
H has only two left cosets in G: H and (1 2)H, so [G : H] = 2. The action of G on G/H is transitive, and there are only two orbits of H on G/H, namely H and (1 2)H.
Let G be a group which is acting transitively on a set X. Let H be a subgroup of G which has less than [G:H] = n orbits. Therefore, we have a relation defined as follows:
x R y if there exists an element g in G such that g(x) = y, where x, y belong to X.
The relation R is an equivalence relation and we have [G : [tex]G_x[/tex]] orbits of X where [tex]G_x[/tex]is the stabilizer subgroup of x in G.
Suppose there is a group G with only one orbit X such that G acts transitively on X, i.e., for all x and y in X, there is a g in G such that g(x) = y.
Let H be a subgroup of G such that [G:H]=n where n is a positive integer.
Therefore, G acts on the set of left cosets of H in G, which is denoted by G/H. Suppose we define an action of G on G/H as follows:
For each g in G and each left coset aH of H in G, we define g(aH)=(ga)H, where the product ga is the group operation of G.
We claim that G acts transitively on the set G/H.
Consider two left cosets aH and bH of H in G. Since G is acting transitively on X, there exists a g in G such that g(a) = b. Since G is a group, gH is also a left coset of H in G,
and hence gH = bgH. Thus, bg(aH) = (bg)aH = gH = g(aH), which implies that G acts transitively on G/H.
Therefore, the orbit of any element in G/H is the whole set G/H since there is only one orbit.
Now, since H is a subgroup of G, we know that the cosets of H in G are the equivalence classes of an equivalence relation on G. In particular, we can choose a set A of representatives for the cosets of H in G so that A is a subset of G and |A| = n.
The set A is called a system of representatives for the cosets of H in G. Each element of G/H is of the form aH where a is an element in A.
The orbit of aH is the whole set G/H, so every element in G/H can be written as gaH for some g in G and some a in A. Suppose xH is an element in G/H.
Then, there exist a in A and g in G such that xH=gaH. Since G acts transitively on X, there exists an element h in G such that h(a) = x.
Therefore, xH = (hg(a)⁻¹)(gaH) = (hg(a)⁻¹ga)H, where hg(a)⁻¹ga is an element of H since H is a subgroup of G.
Therefore, xH and aH are in the same orbit of the action of H on G/H.
Since a is a representative for the cosets of H in G, there are at most n orbits of the action of H on G/H.
An example is given by the group G = Sym(4) of all permutations of {1,2,3,4}, which is acting transitively on the set X = {1,2,3,4}.
Let H be the subgroup of G generated by the permutation (1 2). Then H has only two left cosets in G: H and (1 2)H,
so [G : H] = 2. The action of G on G/H is transitive, and there are only two orbits of H on G/H, namely H and (1 2)H.
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2. For the sequence 3, 9, 15, ..., 111,111,111, find the specific formula of the terms. Write the sum 3+9+15...+ 111,111,111 in the Σ notation and find the sum.
The sequence starts at 3, increases by 6, and has 18 terms, the final one of which is 111,111,111.
Let's find the formula for the nth term, which we can write as an = a1 + (n-1)d, where a1 = 3 and d = 6, so an = 3 + 6(n-1) or simply an = 6n - 3.
This is a linear sequence, meaning that the common difference is the same.
We can write this sequence in Σ notation as ∑6n-3.
We know that the first term is 3 and that the last term is 111,111,111.
We also know that there are 18 terms in this sequence.
We can use the formula for the sum of an arithmetic sequence, which is Sn = n/2(2a1 + (n-1)d), where a1 = 3, d = 6, and n = 18. Therefore: Sn = 18/2(2(3) + (18-1)6) = 18/2(6 + 102) = 9(108) = 972
The sum of the sequence is 972, and it is written in Σ notation as ∑6n-3, with 18 terms ranging from 6 to 111,111,111.
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For the sequence 3, 9, 15, ..., 111,111,111, we are to find the specific formula of the terms, write the sum 3+9+15...+ 111,111,111 in the Σ notation and find the sum. The sequence can be expressed as an arithmetic progression.
This is because each term is the sum of the previous term and a constant value. The constant value is
gotten by subtracting the second term from the first term.
[tex]Tn = a + (n - 1)dTn = 3 + (n - 1)(6)Tn = 6n - 3[/tex]
Now, to find the sum of the arithmetic sequence, we use the formula:
n/2 [2a + (n - 1)d]where n is the number of terms, a is the first term, and d is the common difference. Substituting values, we have:
[tex]∑ = 18,518,519/2 [2(3) + (18,518,519 - 1)(6)]∑ = 18,518,519/2 [12 + 111,111,108]∑ = 18,518,519/2 (111,111,120)∑ = 1,028,972,628,176[/tex]
Therefore, the sum of the arithmetic sequence is 1,028,972,628,176 and it can be written in sigma notation as follows:
∑ from[tex]n = 1 to 18,518,519 of (6n - 3)[/tex]
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if x base 1 > 8 and x base n+1 = 2-1/xbase n, for n element of natural numbers. then the limit of x nase n is what
The limit of x base n, as n approaches infinity, is equal to 2.
To find the limit of x base n, we can start by calculating the values of x for different values of n and observe the pattern.
Given that x base 1 is greater than 8, we can start by calculating x base 2 using the given formula:
x base 2 = 2 - 1/x base 1
Since x base 1 is greater than 8, 1/x base 1 will be less than 1/8. Subtracting a small value from 2 will give a result greater than 1. Therefore, x base 2 is greater than 1.
We can continue this process for higher values of n:
x base 3 = 2 - 1/x base 2
x base 4 = 2 - 1/x base 3
...
As we continue this process, we observe that x base n approaches 2 as n gets larger. Each time we calculate the next value of x base n, we subtract a small fraction (1/x base n-1) from 2, which keeps x base n greater than 1.
Therefore, as n approaches infinity, the limit of x base n is 2.
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Solve the following linear system by using Gaussian Elimination Approach. (20M]
a. X1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = 13 2x1 - x2 + x3 = 8 3x1 - 2x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 13 b. X1 + x2 -- X3 – X4 = 1 2x, + 5x2 - 7x3 - 5x4 = -2 2xı – x2 + x3 + 3x4 = 4 5x1 + 2x2 - 4x3 + 2x4 = 6 -
The solution of the given system is [tex]x1 = 0, x2 = 1, x3 = 3, and x4 = -3/8.[/tex]
a. The augmented matrix of the given linear system is given as;
[tex][1 2 3 4 13][2 -1 1 0 8][3 -2 1 2 13][/tex]
The required linear system can be solved using the Gaussian elimination method.
The elementary row operations applied on the matrix to find its echelon form are given as;
[tex]R2-2R1 - > R2R3-3R1 - > R3[1 2 3 4 13][0 -5 -5 -8 -18][0 -8 -8 -10 -26][/tex]
Again applying the elementary row operations on the above matrix to find its reduced row echelon form, we get;
[tex]2R2-R3 - > R3 -1R2+2R1 - > R1 -2R3+3R1 - > R1[-1 0 0 2 3][0 1 1.6 2.4 3.6][0 0 0 0 0][/tex]
Thus, the solution of the given system is [tex]x1 = 3-2x4, x2 = 3.6-1.6x3-2.4x4, x3[/tex] is free and x4 is also free.
b. The augmented matrix of the given linear system is given as;
[tex][1 1 -1 -1 1][2 5 -7 -5 -2][2 -1 1 3 4][5 2 -4 2 6]T[/tex]
he required linear system can be solved using the Gaussian elimination method.
The elementary row operations applied on the matrix to find its echelon form are given as;
[tex]R2-2R1 - > R2R3-2R1 - > R3R4-5R1 - > R4[1 1 -1 -1 1][0 3 -5 3 0][0 -3 2 5 2][0 -3 1 7 1][/tex]
Again applying the elementary row operations on the above matrix to find its reduced row echelon form, we get;
[tex]R2/3 - > R2R3+R2 - > R3R4+R2 - > R4[1 1 -1 -1 1][0 1 -5/3 1 0][0 0 -1/3 8/3 2][0 0 -8/3 10/3 1]R4/(-8/3) - > R4R3+8/3R4 - > R3 -R2+5/3R3 - > R2R1+R3 - > R1[1 0 0 0 0][0 1 0 0 1][0 0 1 0 3][0 0 0 1 -3/8][/tex]
Thus, the solution of the given system is [tex]x1 = 0, x2 = 1, x3 = 3, and x4 = -3/8.[/tex]
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For the function f(x)=x/x+2 and g(x)=1/x, find the composition fog and simplyfy your answer as much as possible. Write the domain using interval notation.
(fog)(x) =
Domain of fog :
Intersection of the domains of f(x) and g(x) is (-∞,-2) U (-2,0) U (0,∞).
Therefore, the domain of fog is (-∞,-2) U (-2,0) U (0,∞) in interval notation.
The given function is f(x) = x/x+2
and g(x) = 1/x.
Find the composition fog and simplify the answer:
fog(x) = f(g(x))
f(g(x)) = f(1/x)
Putting this value in the function
f(x) = x/x + 2,
we get:
f(g(x)) = g(x)/g(x) + 2
= (1/x) / (1/x) + 2
= (1/x) / (x+2)/x
= x/(x+2)
Thus, the composition fog is x/(x+2).
The domain of fog is the intersection of the domains of f(x) and g(x).
Domain of f(x) is all real numbers except -2, since the denominator should not be equal to 0.
Thus, the domain of f(x) is (-∞,-2) U (-2,∞).
Domain of g(x) is all real numbers except 0, since division by 0 is not possible.
Thus, the domain of g(x) is (-∞,0) U (0,∞).
Intersection of the domains of f(x) and g(x) is (-∞,-2) U (-2,0) U (0,∞).
Therefore, the domain of fog is (-∞,-2) U (-2,0) U (0,∞) in interval notation.
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Let x be a continuous random variable over [a, b] with probability density function f. Then the median of the x-values is that number m such that integral^m_a f(x)dx = 1/2. Find the median. f(x) = 1/242x, [0, 22] The median is m = .
The median for the given continuous random variable is m = ±6.65
Let x be a continuous random variable over [a, b] with probability density function f.
Then the median of the x-values is that number m such that integral^ma f(x)dx = 1/2.
Find the median.
Given, f(x) = 1/242x and [0,22].
To find the median, we need to find the number m such that integral^ma f(x)dx = 1/2.
Now, let's calculate the integral,
∫f(x)dx = ∫1/242xdx
= ln|x|/242 + C
Applying the limits,[tex]∫^m_0 f(x)dx = ∫^0_m f(x)dx[/tex]
∴ln|m|/242 + C
= 1/2 × ∫[tex]^22_0 f(x)dx[/tex]
= 1/2 × ∫[tex]^22_0 1/242xdx[/tex]
= 1/2 [ln(22) - ln(0)]/242
Now, we need to find m such that ln|m|/242
= [ln(22) - ln(0)]/484
ln|m| = ln(22) - ln(0.5)
ln|m| = ln(22/0.5)
m = ± √(22/0.5)
[Since the range is given from 0 to 22]
m = ± 6.65
Hence, the median is m = ±6.65
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Find statistical data online with at least 20 collected data values (if you wish to use data you have collected before you may, as long as there are at least data values).
Using Excel, construct a histogram from your data.
Using Excel, calculate the mean and standard deviation of your data.
Draw or imagine a smooth curve through the tops of the bars on the histogram. Describe its shape (for examples, does it go straight across, look like a bell curve, or have another general shape?)
About 68% of the data values lie between what two data values?
About 95% of the data values lie between what two data values?
Why would the answers to these questions be valuable for someone to interpreting this data?
Find statistical data online with at least 20 collected data values, a histogram is constructed to visualize the data distribution, and the mean and standard deviation are calculated.
To fulfill this task, one would need to collect a dataset with at least 20 data values. The data can be sourced from various statistical databases, research studies, or personal data collection. Once the dataset is available, Excel can be used to create a histogram, which displays the distribution of the data. The mean and standard deviation of the data can also be calculated using Excel's built-in functions.
After constructing the histogram, one can observe the shape of the curve. It could resemble a bell curve, which indicates a normal distribution, or it might exhibit a different shape such as skewed to the left or right, indicating a non-normal distribution.
Using the concept of the empirical rule (or 68-95-99.7 rule) for a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the data values lie within one standard deviation of the mean, and approximately 95% of the data values lie within two standard deviations of the mean. These ranges provide insights into the spread and concentration of the data, allowing for a better understanding of the dataset's characteristics.
Knowing the range within which a certain percentage of the data lies is valuable for interpreting the data because it provides information about the variability and concentration of the values. It helps in identifying outliers, determining the data's central tendency, and assessing the overall distribution pattern. This knowledge aids in making informed decisions and drawing meaningful conclusions based on the data analysis.
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calculate the total amount including HST, that an individual will
pay for a car sold for $22,880 in ontario
We arrive at $25,854.40 as the entire cost, including HST, that a person will pay for a car that sells for $22,880 in Ontario.
Find the HST rate HST stands for Harmonized Sales Tax. It is the tax that is paid when purchasing goods and services in Ontario. In Ontario, the HST rate is 13% as of 2021.
Calculate the HST amount The HST amount can be calculated by multiplying the price of the car by the HST rate. In this case, it will be:13% of $22,880 = (13/100) × $22,880= $2,974.40
Calculate the total amount including HST The total amount including HST can be calculated by adding the HST amount to the price of the car. In this case, it will be:$22,880 + $2,974.40 = $25,854.40
Therefore, the total amount including HST, that an individual will pay for a car sold for $22,880 in Ontario is $25,854.40.
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A group of 20 students have been on holiday abroad and are returning to Norway. IN
group there are 7 who have bought too much alcohol on duty-free and none of them inform
the customs about it. Customs officers randomly select 5 people from these 20 students for control.
We let the variable X be the number of students among the 5 selected who have bought too much
alcohol.
a) What type of probability distribution does the variable X have? Write down the formula for the point probabilities
b) What is the probability that none of those checked have bought too much?
c) What is the probability that at least 3 of the 5 controlled students have bought for a lot?
d) What is the expected value and standard deviation of X?
e) What is the probability that only the third person being checked has bought too much?
a) The variable X follows a hypergeometric distribution. The formula for the point probabilities of the hypergeometric distribution is:
P(X = k) = (C(n1, k) * C(n2, r - k)) / C(N, r). C(n, k) represents the number of ways to choose k items from a set of n items (combination formula). n1 is the number of students who have bought too much alcohol (7 in this case). n2 is the number of students who have not bought too much alcohol (20 - 7 = 13). r is the number of students selected for control (5 in this case). N is the total number of students
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Discrete math
Let a1,...,am and b1,...,bn be two sequences of digits. Consider the following algorithm:
s ← 0
for i ∈ {1, ..., m} do:
for j ∈ {1, ..., n} do:
s ← s + ai bj
a) How many multiplications will this algorithm conduct?
b) How many times will this algorithm do the ← operation?
The algorithm will conduct m multiplied by n multiplications in total, and It will perform m multiplied by n ← operations throughout its execution.
a) The number of multiplications conducted by the algorithm can be determined by the nested loops. The outer loop iterates through the sequence a with m elements, and the inner loop iterates through the sequence b with n elements. For each pair of elements ai and bj, a multiplication operation is performed. Therefore, the total number of multiplications can be calculated as m multiplied by n.
b) The ← operation, which represents the assignment or updating of the variable s, is conducted within the innermost loop. Since the inner loop iterates n times for each iteration of the outer loop, the ← operation will be executed n times for each value of i. As a result, the total number of ← operations can be calculated as m multiplied by n.
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Let ΔABC be a triangle with angles A = π/6, B = 8π/9 and one side c = 4. Find sides a, b.
a = 2(√2 + √10)/√3 and b = 4(√2 - √10) are the required values of sides a and b respectively.
Given,
A = π/6
B = 8π/9
C = π - A - B = π - π/6 - 8π/9 = 5π/18
c = 4
In order to find sides a and b, we will use sine rule which states that for a triangle with sides a, b and c and angles A, B and C respectively,
a/sinA = b/sinB = c/sinC
Applying the above formula, we get:
a/sinA = c/sinC
a/sin(π/6) = 4/sin(5π/18)
a/(1/2) = 4/(√2 + √10)/4
a = 2(√2 + √10)/√3
b/sinB = c/sinC
b/sin(8π/9) = 4/sin(5π/18)
b/(√2 - √10)/2 = 4/(√2 + √10)/4
b = 4(√2 - √10)
Therefore, a = 2(√2 + √10)/√3 and b = 4(√2 - √10) are the required values of sides a and b respectively.Summary:Given, A = π/6, B = 8π/9, C = π - A - B = π - π/6 - 8π/9 = 5π/18 and c = 4. To find sides a and b, we used the sine rule. Finally, a = 2(√2 + √10)/√3 and b = 4(√2 - √10) are the required values of sides a and b respectively.
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5. Determine if the following series are convergent or divergent. Justify your steps and state which test you are using. When necessary, make sure you check the hypotheses of the test that are satisfied before you apply it.
(a). (4 point) [infinity]∑n=1 (-1)ⁿ 1/nⁿ (b). (4 point) [infinity]∑n=1 6ⁿ/5ⁿ+8
(c). (4 point) [infinity]∑n=1 n³ /2n⁴+3n+2
(d). (4 point) [infinity]∑n=1 n! / (n+2)!
(a) The series ∑((-1)^n)/(n^n) converges due to the Alternating Series Test, as the terms alternate, decrease, and approach zero.
(a) The series ∑((-1)^n)/(n^n) converges. We can use the Alternating Series Test, which requires three conditions to be satisfied. First, the terms must alternate signs, which is true in this case as (-1)^n alternates between positive and negative.
Second, the absolute value of each term must be decreasing, and it holds here because n^n grows faster than n. Third, the limit of the terms should approach zero, and as n approaches infinity, the terms approach zero since the denominator (n^n) grows much faster than the numerator.
Therefore, by satisfying all the conditions of the Alternating Series Test, the series converges.
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Find the derivative of f(x) = √√/8x+5 Enclose numerators and denominators in parentheses. For example, (a - b)/(1+n). Include a multiplication sign between symbols. For example, a.
The derivative of f(x) =
√√(8x+5)
can be found using the chain rule. The derivative of the function is obtained by differentiating the outer function first and then multiplying it by the derivative of the inner function.
To find the derivative of f(x) = √√(8x+5), we can apply the chain rule. Let's break down the function into its composite functions.
Let u = 8x+5, then f(x) can be expressed as f(x) = √√u.
The derivative of f(x) can be found by differentiating the outer function, which is the square root of the square root, and then multiplying it by the derivative of the inner function.
First, we differentiate the outer function. The derivative of √√u can be found by applying the chain rule. Let's denote the derivative as d/dx [√√u].
Using the chain rule, we have:
d/dx [√√u] = (1/2) * (1/2) * (1/√u) * (1/√u) * du/dx,
where du/dx represents the derivative of the inner function u = 8x+5.
Simplifying further, we have:
d/dx [√√u] = (1/4) * (1/u) * du/dx = (1/4) * (1/(8x+5)) * (d/dx [8x+5]).
The derivative of 8x+5 with respect to x is simply 8.
Therefore, the derivative of f(x) = √√(8x+5) is:
d/dx [f(x)] = (1/4) * (1/(8x+5)) * 8.
Simplifying the expression further, we have:
d/dx [f(x)] = 2/(8x+5).
In summary, the derivative of f(x) =
√√(8x+5) is 2/(8x+5).
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The following display from a TI-84 Plus calculator presents the results of a hypothesis test for a population mean u. | T-Test u < 52 t= 4.479421 p=0.000020 x = 51.87 Sx = 0.21523 n = 55 Do you reject H. at the a = 0.10 level of significance? No Yes
The hypothesis test provides sufficient evidence to support the claim that the population mean is less than 52 and we should reject H at the a = 0.10 level of significance.
Given the details above, it can be seen that the calculated p-value of the hypothesis test is 0.000020. If the significance level is 0.10, it means that the threshold of rejection is also 0.10. The threshold value is also known as the critical value. Hence, if the p-value is less than or equal to 0.10, it indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected and if the p-value is greater than 0.10, the null hypothesis should not be rejected. As the p-value in this scenario is less than the critical value (0.000020 < 0.10), it means that the null hypothesis should be rejected. Therefore, we can say that we should reject H at the a = 0.10 level of significance. For the hypothesis test given above, the null hypothesis, H0 can be formulated as H0: μ ≥ 52 and the alternative hypothesis, Ha can be formulated as Ha: μ < 52. Hence, the hypothesis test is a one-tailed test. The results of the test are presented as t= 4.479421 and p=0.000020, which can be used to draw a conclusion about the hypothesis test. As the p-value is less than the threshold value, the null hypothesis is rejected at the 0.10 level of significance.
Therefore, we can conclude that there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the population mean is less than 52. The test statistic, t-value is positive, which implies that the sample mean is greater than the population mean. This is also supported by the calculated mean, which is 51.87 and is less than the hypothesized population mean of 52. The sample standard deviation, Sx is 0.21523 and the sample size is 55. These values are used to calculate the test statistic, t-value. The t-value is then used to calculate the p-value using a t-distribution table. The p-value obtained in this scenario is less than the threshold value, which indicates that the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, the hypothesis test provides sufficient evidence to support the claim that the population mean is less than 52 and we should reject H at the a = 0.10 level of significance.
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The distribution of scores on an accounting test is T(45, 72, 106). (a) Find the mean. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) (b) Find the standard deviation. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) (c) Find the probability that a score will be less than 67. (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
To solve the given problems related to the T-distribution with parameters T(45, 72, 106), we need to find the mean, standard deviation, and probability using the T-distribution table or a calculator.
(a) The mean of the T-distribution is equal to the location parameter, which is given as 72. Therefore, the mean is 72.
(b) The standard deviation of the T-distribution is calculated using the scale parameter. In this case, the scale parameter is 106. Thus, the standard deviation is 106.
(c) To find the probability that a score will be less than 67, we need to use the T-distribution table or a calculator. By looking up the degrees of freedom (df = 45) and the corresponding T-value for 67, we can determine the probability. Let's assume the probability is denoted as P(T < 67). The calculated probability, rounded to 4 decimal places, will represent the likelihood of a score being less than 67.
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Problem 1. (1 point) Find a 2 x 2 matrix A such that -3 [B] and B - -3 - are eigenvectors of A with eigenvalues 5 and -1, respectively. A = 0 preview answers
A 2 x 2 matrix A such that -3 [B] and B - -3 - are eigenvectors of A with eigenvalues 5 and -1, respectively is given by\[A is (5 - 3)(-3 - 3)\]\[A = 2(-6)\]\[A = -12\]
Thus, the matrix A is -\[A = \begin{bmatrix}-12 & 0\\ 0 & -12\end{bmatrix}\] we can choose A to be any matrix.
Step-by-step answer:
We are given that -3 [B] and B - -3 - are eigenvectors of A with eigenvalues 5 and -1, respectively. Let v1 be the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 5.
Thus, Av1 = 5v1. Also, we have
v1 = -3[B],
so Av1 = A(-3[B])
= -3(A[B]).
Thus,-3(A[B]) = 5(-3[B]).\[AB
= -\frac{5}{3} B\]
Thus B is an eigenvector of A with the eigenvalue -5/3.Similarly, let v2 be the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue -1.
Thus, Av2 = -v2. Also, we have
v2 = B - (-3)[B]
= 4[B].
Thus Av2 = A(4[B])
= 4(A[B]).
Thus,\[AB = -\frac{1}{4}B\]
Thus, B is an eigenvector of A with the eigenvalue -1/4. To solve for A, we can solve the system of equations given by\[AB = -\frac{5}{3}B\]\[AB = -\frac{1}{4}B\]
Multiplying the first equation by -4/15 and the second equation by -15/4, we get\[\frac{4}{15}AB = B\]\[-\frac{15}{4}AB
= B\]
Multiplying the two equations, we get\[(-1) = \det(AB)\]
Using the formula for the determinant of a product of matrices, we get\[\det(A)\det(B) = -1\]
Since B is nonzero, we have \[\det(B) \neq 0\].
Thus,\[\det(A) = -\frac{1}{\det(B)}\]
Since A is a 2 x 2 matrix, we have\[\det(A) = ad - bc\]where
A = [a b; c d].
Thus,\[-\frac{1}{\det(B)} = ad - bc\]
We know that B is an eigenvector of A, so AB = kB, where k is the eigenvalue of B. Substituting this in the expression for det(A), we get\[-\frac{1}{k} = ad - k\]
Using the eigenvalues of B, we get\[\frac{5}{3} = ad + \frac{5}{3}\]\[\frac{1}{4}
= ad + \frac{1}{4}\]
Solving for a and d, we get a = -6 and
d = -6.
Thus, A is given by\[A = \begin{bmatrix}-6 & 0\\ 0 & -6\end{bmatrix}\]
Note: Here, we are assuming that B is nonzero. If B is the zero vector, then it cannot be an eigenvector of any matrix except the zero matrix. In this case, we can choose A to be any matrix.
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How does knowing your audience's attitudes, beliefs, values and behaviours help you with your persuasive speech?
What are 4 differences between teams and groups?
Knowing your audience's attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors enables you to tailor your message, address objections, choose persuasive appeals, use appropriate language and examples, and adapt your delivery style.
Difference between teams and groupsIn most cases, teams and groups are often used interchangeably. Some things differentiate them from each other.
1. A group can simply be described as a gathering of individuals who share a common interest but do not always cooperate to achieve a common objective. While team often refers to a collection of people cooperating to achieve a common goal or objective. Team members work closely together, pooling their talents and energies to accomplish a single goal
2. There may be less focus on precise roles or hierarchical arrangements in groups, which may have a more unstructured or flexible structure. Usually, teams have a more established structure with each member's tasks and responsibilities being explicitly specified.
3. Depending on their goal, a group may have different performance expectations. For the team, there are higher performance requirements.
4. Group dynamics and cohesion can vary based on the goal and make-up of the group. Teams often produce more cohesive members and a stronger feeling of shared identity.
Above are some of the differences between groups and teams.
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Consider the following sample of fat content (in percentage) of 10 randomly selected hot dogs:/05/20 25.2 21.3 22.8 17.0 29.8 21.0 25.5 16.0 20.9 19.5 Assuming that these were selected from a normal population distribution, construct a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the population mean fat content.
The 95% confidence interval for the population mean fat content is approximately (20.500, 24.300).
To construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean fat content, we can use the t-distribution since the population standard deviation is unknown and we have a small sample size (n = 10).
Given the sample of fat content percentages: 25.2, 21.3, 22.8, 17.0, 29.8, 21.0, 25.5, 16.0, 20.9, 19.5
Calculate the sample mean (x) and sample standard deviation (s):
Sample mean (x) = (25.2 + 21.3 + 22.8 + 17.0 + 29.8 + 21.0 + 25.5 + 16.0 + 20.9 + 19.5) / 10 = 22.4
Sample standard deviation (s) = √(((25.2 - 22.4)² + (21.3 - 22.4)² + ... + (19.5 - 22.4)²) / (10 - 1))
=√((8.96 + 1.21 + ... + 6.25) / 9)
= √(63.61 / 9)
= √(7.0678)
≈ 2.658
Calculate the t-value for a 95% confidence level with (n-1) degrees of freedom.
Degrees of freedom (df) = n - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9
For a 95% confidence level and df = 9, the t-value can be found using a t-distribution table or a statistical software. In this case, the t-value is approximately 2.262.
Calculate the margin of error (E):
Margin of error (E) = t-value * (s / √(n))
= 2.262 * (2.658 /√(10))
≈ 2.262 * 0.839
≈ 1.900
Calculate the confidence interval:
Lower bound of the confidence interval = x - E
= 22.4 - 1.900
≈ 20.500
Upper bound of the confidence interval = x + E
= 22.4 + 1.900
≈ 24.300
Therefore, the 95% confidence interval for the population mean fat content is approximately (20.500, 24.300).
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Question 4 Evaluate the integral. 1∫0 (8t/ t²+1 i + 2teᵗ j + 2/t² + 1k) dt = ....... i+....... j+.......... k
To evaluate the integral, we can use the properties of linearity and the integral rules. The integral ∫₀¹ (8t/(t²+1) dt) evaluates to 4 arctan(1) i + 2e - 2 i + 2 arctan(1) k.
To evaluate the integral, we can use the properties of linearity and the integral rules.
For the first component, we have ∫₀¹ (8t/(t²+1) dt). By using the substitution u = t²+1, du = 2t dt, the integral becomes ∫₀² (4 du/u) = 4 ln(u) |₀¹ = 4 ln(2).
For the second component, we have ∫₀¹ (2teᵗ dt). Using integration by parts, we let u = t, dv = 2eᵗ dt. Then du = dt, v = 2eᵗ, and the integral becomes [t(2eᵗ) |₀¹ - ∫₀¹ (2eᵗ dt)] = (2e - 2) - (0 - 2) = 2e - 2.
For the third component, we have ∫₀¹ (2/(t²+1) dt). By using the substitution u = t²+1, du = 2t dt, the integral becomes ∫₀² (du/u) = ln(u) |₀¹ = ln(2).
Therefore, the evaluated integral is 4 arctan(1) i + 2e - 2 i + 2 arctan(1) k.
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Determine whether the sequence {√4n+ 11-√4n) converges or diverges. If it converges, find the limit. Converges (y/n): Limit (if it exists, blank otherwise):
Converges (y/n): Yes, Limit (if it exists, blank otherwise): 1, The sequence {√(4n + 11) - √(4n)} converges, and its limit is 1.
To determine convergence, we need to investigate the behavior of the sequence as n approaches infinity. Let's rewrite the sequence as follows {√(4n + 11) - √(4n)} = (√(4n + 11) - √(4n)) × (√(4n + 11) + √(4n))/ (√(4n + 11) + √(4n))
Using the difference of squares, we can simplify the expression:
{√(4n + 11) - √(4n)} = [(4n + 11) - (4n)] / (√(4n + 11) + √(4n))
Simplifying further, we get:
{√(4n + 11) - √(4n)} = 11 / (√(4n + 11) + √(4n))
As n approaches infinity, the denominator (√(4n + 11) + √(4n)) also approaches infinity. Therefore, the limit of the sequence can be found by considering the limit of the numerator: lim (n → ∞) [11 / (√(4n + 11) + √(4n))] = 11 / (∞ + ∞) = 11 / ∞ = 0
However, this is not the final limit because we divided by infinity, which is an indeterminate form. To overcome this, we can apply L'Hôpital's rule by taking the derivative of the numerator and denominator with respect to n: lim (n → ∞) [11 / (√(4n + 11) + √(4n))] = lim (n → ∞) [11' / (√(4n + 11)' + √(4n)')]
Taking the derivatives, we have: lim (n → ∞) [11 / (√(4n + 11) + √(4n))] = lim (n → ∞) [0 / (1/(2√(4n + 11)) + 1/(2√(4n)))]
Simplifying further, we get: lim (n → ∞) [11 / (√(4n + 11) + √(4n))] = lim (n → ∞) [0 / (1/(2√(4n + 11)) + 1/(2√(4n)))]
= 0 / (0 + 0) = 0
Hence, the limit of the sequence {√(4n + 11) - √(4n)} is 0. However, this means that the original sequence {√(4n + 11) - √(4n)} also has a limit of 0, since dividing by a nonzero constant does not affect convergence. Therefore, the sequence converges, and its limit is 0.
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Find the exact length of the curve.
x = 2/3 t³, y = t² - 2, 0 ≤ t ≤ 8
To find the exact length of the curve defined by the parametric equations x = (2/3)t³ and y = t² - 2, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 8, we can use the arc length formula.
The arc length formula for a parametric curve defined by x = f(t) and y = g(t) over an interval [a, b] is given by:
L = ∫(a to b) √[ (dx/dt)² + (dy/dt)² ] dt.
Let's calculate the derivatives dx/dt and dy/dt:
dx/dt = d/dt [(2/3)t³] = 2t²,
dy/dt = d/dt [t² - 2] = 2t.
Now, let's substitute these derivatives into the arc length formula:
L = ∫(0 to 8) √[ (2t²)² + (2t)² ] dt.
L = ∫(0 to 8) √[ 4t⁴ + 4t² ] dt.
L = ∫(0 to 8) 2√(t⁴ + t²) dt.
To simplify the integral, we can factor out t² from the square root:
L = 2∫(0 to 8) t√(t² + 1) dt.
This integral cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions, so we need to use numerical methods to find the exact value.
Using a numerical integration method, such as Simpson's rule or numerical approximation software, we can approximate the value of the integral to find the exact length of the curve.
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In 2016 and 2017 a poll asked American adults about their amount of trust they had in the judicial branch of government. In 2016, 63% expressed a fair amount or great deal of trust in the judiciary. In 2017, 69% of Americans felt this way. These percentages are based on samples of 1960 American adults. Complete parts (a) through (d) below a Explain why it would be inappropriate to conclude, based on these percentages abne, that the percentage of American adults who had a fair amount or great deal of trust in the judicial branch of government increased from 2015 to 2017 O A Since a lesser percentage is present in the 2016 sample, a lesser percentage of people in 2016 than in 2017 must have a fair amount or great deal of trust in the judicial branch of government OB. Since a greater poroontage is present in the 2016 sample, we cannot conclude that a lesser percentage of people in 2016 have a fair amount or great deal of trust in the judicial branch of government OC. Although a lesser percentage is present in the 2016 sample, the population percentages could be the same, but could not be reversed. OD. Although a lesser percentage is present in the 2016 sample, the population percentages could be the same or even reversed
The answer choice that would make it inappropriate to conclude is: D. Although a lesser percentage is present in the 2016 sample, the population percentages could be the same or even reversed.
Why would this be inappropriate to conclude with?Drawing a conclusion about the rise in trust in the judiciary amongst American adults between 2016 and 2017 solely based on percentages would not be fitting due to the limited sample sizes.
The distribution of the population could either be identical or even opposite.
We are unable to deduce any alteration in the population percentage as the figures in the samples do not exhibit a noteworthy contrast. To arrive at a population inference, a greater number of participants is required for sample size.
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y = (x+4)(x-7)
(a) Slope/Scale Factor/Lead Coefficient:
(b) End Behavior:
(c) x-intercept(s):
a) The slope of the curve is, - 3
And, The lead coefficient is, 1
b) The graph will open upwards and the end behavior will be positive infinity on both ends.
c) The x-intercepts of the function are -4 and 7.
We have to given that,
Equation is,
y = (x + 4) (x - 7)
a) Now, WE can expand it as,
y = (x + 4) (x - 7)
y = x² - 7x + 4x - 28
y = x² - 3x - 28
Since, from the expression the coefficient of x² term is 1,
Hence, The lead coefficient is, 1
And, the slope of the curve is equal to the coefficient of the x term, which is -3.
b) For the end behavior, at the highest degree term, which is x².
Since the coefficient of x² is positive,
Hence, The graph will open upwards and the end behavior will be positive infinity on both ends.
c) For x - intercept the value of y is zero.
Hence,
y = (x + 4) (x - 7)
0 = (x + 4) (x - 7)
This gives,
x + 4 = 0
x = - 4
x - 7 = 0
x = 7
Therefore, the x-intercepts of the function are -4 and 7.
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Find the first five terms (ao, a1, a2, b1,b₂) of the Fourier series of the function f(x) = e² on the interval [-ㅠ,ㅠ].
The Fourier series of the function f(x) = e² on the interval [-π, π] consists of terms that represent the periodic extension of the function. The first five terms of the Fourier series of f(x) = e² on the interval [-π, π] are a0 = e²/π, a1 = 0, a2 = 0, b1 = 0, and b2 = 0
To find the Fourier series coefficients, we need to calculate the integrals of the function f(x) multiplied by the appropriate trigonometric functions. In this case, we have a periodic function with a period of 2π, defined on the interval [-π, π]. Since the function f(x) = e² is a constant, the integrals can be simplified.
The coefficients a0, a1, a2, b1, and b2 can be determined as follows:
a0 represents the average value of the function over the interval, and since f(x) is a constant, a0 = (1/2π) ∫[-π, π] e² dx = e²/π.
For a nonzero coefficient ak or bk, we have ak = (1/π) ∫[-π, π] f(x) cos(kx) dx and bk = (1/π) ∫[-π, π] f(x) sin(kx) dx. However, in this case, all ak coefficients will be zero since e² is an even function, and all bk coefficients will be zero since e² is not an odd function.
Therefore, the first five terms of the Fourier series of f(x) = e² on the interval [-π, π] are a0 = e²/π, a1 = 0, a2 = 0, b1 = 0, and b2 = 0.
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A smart phone manufacturing factory noticed that 795% smart phones are defective. If 10 smart phone are selected at random, what is the probability of getting
a. Exactly 5 are defective.
b. At most 3 are defective.
Note that the probability of getting exactly 5 defective smartphones is approximately 2.897%, and the probability of getting at most 3 defective smartphones is approximately ≈ 0.0991%.
How to calculate thisWith the use of binomial probability formula we are able to calculate the probabilities.
a. Exactly 5 are defective
P (X =5) = C(10, 5) * (0.795 )⁵ * (1 - 0.795)^(10 - 5)
= 10! /(5! * (10 - 5)!) * (0.795)⁵ * (0.205)⁵
= 0.02897380209
≈ 0.02897
b. At most 3 are defective
P( X ≤ 3) = P(X = 0) + P( X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
= C(10, 0) * (0.795)⁰ * (1 - 0.795)^(10 - 0) + C(10, 1)* (0.795)¹ * (1 - 0.795)^(10 - 1) + C(10, 2) * (0.795) ² * (1 - 0.795)^(10 - 2)+ C(10, 3) * (0.795)³ * (1 - 0.795)^(10 - 3)
= C (10, 0) * (0.795)⁰ * (1 - 0.795)¹⁰ + C(10, 1) * (0.795)¹ * (1 - 0.795)⁹ + C(10, 2) * (0.795)² * (1 - 0.795)⁸ + C(10, 3) * (0.795)³ *(1 - 0.795)⁷
= 1 * 1 * 0 + 0.795 * 0.000001 +45 * 0.632025 * 0.000003 + 120 * 0.50246 *0.000015
= 0.00099054637
≈ 0.0991%
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4. (3 pts) Let X₁,..., Xn~ F be i.i.d. Suppose that X has finite mean μ and variance o². (a) Suppose that μ ‡0. Find the limiting distribution for √√n(X²2 – µ²). fl (b) Suppose that µ = 0. Find the limiting distribution for nX2. Please write down your argument clearly, including which theorem you are applying to reach the conclusion.
(a) If μ ≠ 0, the limiting distribution for√√n(X² – µ²) is [tex]\sqrt{n}[/tex]X.
(b) If μ = 0, the limiting distribution for nX² is χ²(1) (Chi-squared distribution with one degree of freedom).
What is the variance?
Variance is a statistical measure that quantifies the spread or dispersion of a set of data points. It measures how far each value in a dataset is from the mean (average) and provides insight into the variability or volatility of the data.
To find the limiting distribution for the given expressions, we can apply the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) under appropriate conditions.
(a) Suppose that μ ≠ 0. We want to find the limiting distribution for √√n(X² - μ²).
By using the properties of the expectation operator, we can rewrite the expression as: √√n(X² - μ²) = √√n(X - μ)(X + μ).
Now, let Y = X - μ. Since X₁, X₂, ..., Xn are i.i.d., Y₁ = X₁ - μ, Y₂ = X₂ - μ, ..., Y[tex]_n[/tex] = X[tex]_n[/tex] - μ are also i.i.d. with mean E(Y[tex]_i[/tex]) = E(X[tex]_i[/tex] - μ) = E(X[tex]_i[/tex]) - μ = 0 and Var(Y[tex]_i[/tex]) = Var(X[tex]_i[/tex]).
By applying the CLT to Y₁, Y₂, ..., Y[tex]_n[/tex], we have: √n(Y₁ + Y₂ + ... + Y[tex]_n[/tex])
≈ N(0, n * Var(Y[tex]_i[/tex])).
Substituting Y = X - μ back into the expression, we get:
√√n(X² - μ²) ≈ √n(X + μ)(X - μ).
Since (X + μ) and (X - μ) have the same limiting distribution as X, the limiting distribution for √√n(X² - μ²) is √nX.
(b) Suppose that μ = 0. We want to find the limiting distribution for nX².
Since X₁, X₂, ..., X[tex]_i[/tex] are i.i.d., the sample mean is given by:
[tex]\bar{X}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{X_1+ X_2+ ... + X_n}{n}.[/tex]
By the Law of Large Numbers, [tex]\bar{X}[/tex] converges in probability to the true mean μ, which is zero in this case. Therefore, [tex]\bar{X}[/tex] ≈ 0 as n approaches infinity.
Now, let Z = nX². We can express Z as:
[tex]Z = n(X - \bar{X} + \bar{X})^2.[/tex]
Expanding the expression, we have:
[tex]Z = n(X - \bar{X})^2 + 2nX(\bar{X }- X) + n\bar{X}^2.[/tex]
Since [tex]\bar{X}[/tex] ≈ 0, the second term 2nX([tex]\bar{X}[/tex] - X) converges to zero as n approaches infinity. Similarly, the third term n[tex]\bar{X}[/tex]² also converges to zero.
Therefore, as n approaches infinity, the limiting distribution for nX² is n(X - [tex]\bar{X}[/tex])², which follows the Chi-squared distribution with one degree of freedom (χ²(1)).
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Suppose that f(x) = x² + an−1x²−1¹ + ... + a。 € Z[x]. If r is rational and x — r divides f(x), prove that r is an integer.
To prove that if a rational number r divides the polynomial f(x) = x² + aₙ₋₁xⁿ⁻¹ + ... + a₀ ∈ ℤ[x], then r must be an integer, we can utilize the Rational Root Theorem.
According to the Rational Root Theorem, if a rational number r = p/q, where p and q are coprime integers and q ≠ 0, divides a polynomial with integer coefficients, then p must divide the constant term a₀, and q must divide the leading coefficient aₙ.
Let's assume r = p/q divides f(x), which means that f(r) = 0. Substituting r into f(x), we obtain 0 = r² + aₙ₋₁rⁿ⁻¹ + ... + a₀. Since all coefficients and r are rational numbers, we can multiply the entire equation by qⁿ to eliminate the denominators. This yields 0 = (pr)² + aₙ₋₁(pr)ⁿ⁻¹ + ... + a₀qⁿ.
Since q divides the leading coefficient aₙ, it follows that q divides each term of aₙ₋₁(pr)ⁿ⁻¹ + ... + a₀qⁿ, except for the first term, (pr)². As q divides the entire equation, including (pr)², q must also divide (pr)². Since p and q are coprime, q cannot divide p. Therefore, q must divide (pr)² only if q divides r².
Since q divides r² and r is rational, q must also divide r. But p and q are coprime, so q dividing r implies that q divides p. Thus, r = p/q is an integer.
Therefore, if a rational number r divides the polynomial f(x) with integer coefficients, r must be an integer.
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