a. Net present value (NPV) can be defined as the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over time. In this case, the NPV of the project will be -$7.57 million.
PV of cash flows = $3.5 million/ (1 - 0.21) = $4.43 million
NPV = PV of cash flows - Initial investment= $4.43 million - $12 million= -$7.57 million
Since the NPV is negative, this is not a good project.
b. In this scenario, we are going to use the Adjusted present value (APV) technique. The APV is calculated as follows:
APV = NPV + PV of financing side
NPV = -$7.57 million
PV of financing side = PV of tax shield
PV of tax shield = Interest x Debt tax rate x PV factor for tax shield= $7 million x 0.21 x 3.433 = $5.79 million
APV = -$7.57 million + $5.79 million = -$1.78 million
Since the APV is still negative, this is not a good project.
c. When borrowing from Japan, the APV can be calculated as follows:
Step 1: Calculate the yen cash flowsYen cash flows = $3.5 million x 110 yen/ $ x 5 years = 1,925 million yen
Step 2: Calculate the yen discount factor
Yen discount factor = 1 / (1 + 0.03) ^ t= 1/ (1.03 ^ 1) = 0.9709
Yen PV of cash flows = Yen cash flows x Yen discount factor= 1,925 million yen x 0.9709= 1,867 million yen
Step 3: Convert yen into dollars
Yen to dollar exchange rate = 110 yen/$PV of cash flows = 1,867 million yen / 110 yen/$= $17 million
Step 4: Calculate NPV and APVNPV = PV of cash flows - Initial investment= $17 million - $12 million= $5 million
PV of tax shield = Interest x Debt tax rate x PV factor for tax shield= $5 million x 0.21 x 3.433 = $3.59 million
APV = NPV + PV of financing side= $5 million + $3.59 million= $8.59 million.Since the APV is positive, this is a good project.
Therefore, borrowing from Japan will provide the highest APV for this project.
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a two-year bond with annual coupons of 100 and redemption value of 1000 is priced at 1,037.41. the current two-year spot rate is 8%. determine the current one-year spot rate that is consistent with the pricing of the bond.
The current one-year spot rate that is consistent with the pricing of the bond is approximately 0.64% (or 0.0064 as a decimal).
To determine the current one-year spot rate consistent with the pricing of the bond, we can use the concept of the yield to maturity (YTM) and the relationship between spot rates and yields.
Given:
Face value (redemption value) of the bond = $1000
Annual coupon payment = $100
Bond price = $1037.41
Current two-year spot rate = 8%
The yield to maturity (YTM) is the rate of return an investor would receive if they hold the bond until maturity. In this case, the bond has a two-year maturity.
To calculate the YTM, we can use the bond pricing formula:
Bond Price = (C / (1 + r₁)) + (C / (1 + r₂)²) + (F / (1 + r₂)²)
Where:
C = Annual coupon payment
F = Face value (redemption value)
r₁ = One-year spot rate
r₂ = Two-year spot rate
Substituting the given values:
$1037.41 = ($100 / (1 + r₁)) + ($100 / (1 + 0.08)²) + ($1000 / (1 + 0.08)²)
Now, we can solve this equation for r₁, the current one-year spot rate.
$1037.41 = ($100 / (1 + r₁)) + ($100 / (1 + 0.08)²) + ($1000 / (1 + 0.08)²)
Multiplying through by (1 + r₁) and rearranging the terms:
$1037.41(1 + r₁) = $100 + ($100 / (1 + 0.08)²) + ($1000 / (1 + 0.08)²)
Expanding and simplifying:
$1037.41 + $1037.41r₁ = $100 + ($100 / (1.08)²) + ($1000 / (1.08)²)
Subtracting $1037.41 from both sides:
$1037.41r₁ = $100 + ($100 / (1.08)²) + ($1000 / (1.08)²) - $1037.41
Now, we can solve for r₁:
r₁ = ($100 + ($100 / (1.08)²) + ($1000 / (1.08)²) - $1037.41) / $1037.41
Calculating the numerator:
Numerator = $100 + ($100 / (1.08)²) + ($1000 / (1.08)²) - $1037.41
≈ $100 + ($100 / 1.1664) + ($1000 / 1.1664) - $1037.41
≈ $100 + $85.68 + $858.37 - $1037.41
≈ $6.64
Now, calculating r₁:
r₁ ≈ $6.64 / $1037.41
≈ 0.0064
Therefore, the current one-year spot rate that is consistent with the pricing of the bond is approximately 0.64% (or 0.0064 as a decimal).
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By 1812 the widespread cotton was now a major production in the United States. The people began to make use of the process called textile and farming moved to a powerful force of over a billion pounds a year and slave labor increased dramatically over time.
b.
The nineteenth-century unfolded, and more and more farm families began engaging in commercial rather than subsistence agriculture, producing surplus crops and livestock to sell to distant markets. Americans were forced to look to themselves for the finished goods and manufactured items they needed such as cotton mills.
c.
The first textile mills and shoe factories and mines began to be developed in the United States. Americans, men, and women worked according to a whistle or a foreman or a manager who told them when to get up when to go to work, when to finish and how much time they might have for lunch rather than getting up and going to work on the farms at their own schedules
In 19th century in the United States witnessed the rise of cotton production, the growth of commercial agriculture, and the development of industrial establishments.
In the 19th century, the United States experienced significant changes in its economy and workforce. The widespread cultivation of cotton became a major production, driven by advancements in textile manufacturing.
This led to a significant increase in farming productivity, with over a billion pounds of cotton being produced annually. However, this growth was heavily reliant on slave labor, which saw a dramatic increase during this time.
As the century progressed, more farm families shifted from subsistence agriculture to commercial farming. They began producing surplus crops and livestock to sell in distant markets.
This transition towards commercial agriculture meant that Americans had to rely on themselves for finished goods and manufactured items, such as textiles. Consequently, the United States saw the development of textile mills, shoe factories, and mines.
With the rise of these industrial establishments, a new work culture emerged. Workers, both men, and women, were employed in factories and mines, working under the supervision of foremen or managers.
They followed strict schedules dictated by whistles and were told when to start, finish, and even how much time they could take for lunch. This marked a shift from the more flexible schedules of agricultural work on farms.
Overall, the 19th century in the United States witnessed the rise of cotton production, the growth of commercial agriculture, and the development of industrial establishments, which brought about significant changes in the economy and work practices of Americans.
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Directions: Look at the following lines and determine how you might revise them so that they remove the pronoun "I".
I can understand what it’s like to have a stack of papers to grade and only two days to do it.
I now know that cigarettes can cause various types of cancer.
I would like you to understand that not all students are lazy.
Doughnuts are really harmful to our health, so I should stop ingesting them.
If I would only give reading a try, I might actually enjoy it.
As a feminist, I believe that women should receive pay that is equal to that of their male coworkers.
In order to revise the given sentences to remove the pronoun "I", there are a few changes that need to be made. The revised sentences without the use of the pronoun "I" are mentioned below:
Understanding what it’s like to have a stack of papers to grade and only two days to do it can be achieved.
The knowledge that cigarettes can cause various types of cancer is now known.
It is important to understand that not all students are lazy.
Ingesting doughnuts is really harmful to our health, so they should be avoided.
Giving reading a try might lead to an actual enjoyment of it.
Believing in equal pay for women, as a feminist, should be a principle embraced.
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For Q1-Q5, please choose "True" or "False" of the following statements:
1. Financial accounting aims reporting to those outside the organizations.
2. Managerial accounting serves three main objectives: planning, controlling, compliance.
3. Intrinsic motivation includes performance goals and bonus compensation.
4. Contribution margin = sales - variable expenses.
5. Break-even point is the level of sales at which loss is zero.
1. True:Financial accounting is focused on reporting the financial information of a company to those outside the organization. It deals with the preparation of financial statements, income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements, etc.
These reports are provided to individuals and organizations outside the company, such as investors, creditors, financial analysts, and government agencies. The purpose of financial accounting is to provide information to these individuals so that they can make informed decisions about investing or lending money to the company.2. False:Managerial accounting serves three primary purposes: planning, control, and decision-making. The main purpose of managerial accounting is to provide financial information that is useful in making decisions that will help achieve the company's goals.
3. False:Intrinsic motivation is motivation that comes from within an individual rather than from external factors such as rewards, bonuses, or other incentives. True:Contribution margin is the amount by which sales revenue exceeds variable costs. It is calculated by subtracting variable costs from sales revenue. The contribution margin is the amount that is available to cover fixed costs and generate a profit.5. True:The break-even point is the level of sales at which a company neither makes a profit nor incurs a loss. Therefore, the statement is true.
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Smith Corp: issued $400,000 of 5 -year, 7% bonds at 104.265 with a market interest rate of 6%. The bonde were sold on their issue date, March 1 , 2019. Interest is payable on March 1 and Septerrber 1 . What is the amount of the effective interest expense on Septernber 1,2019 when the first interest payment is mado? A. $12,000 8,$14,000 C. $48,000 D. $12.512
The required answer to this question is the nearest dollar, the amount of the effective interest expense on September 1, 2019, is $11,950.
To calculate the amount of effective interest expense on September 1, 2019, we need to determine the carrying value of the bonds on that date.
The carrying value of the bonds is the initial issue price adjusted for the amortization of any premium or discount. In this case, the bonds were issued at a premium since they were sold at 104.265% of their face value.
Step 1: Calculate the premium
Premium = Issue price - Face value
Premium = $400,000 * (104.265% - 100%)
Premium = $400,000 * 4.265% = $17,060
Step 2: Calculate the carrying value on September 1, 2019
Carrying value = Issue price - Premium amortization
Carrying value = $400,000 - ($17,060 / 10) (since the bonds have a 5-year term and semi-annual payments)
Carrying value = $400,000 - $1,706 = $398,294
Step 3: Calculate the effective interest expense
Effective interest expense = Carrying value * Market interest rate per period
Effective interest expense = $398,294 * (6% / 2) (since the bonds have semi-annual payments)
Effective interest expense = $398,294 * 3% = $11,949.82
Rounded to the nearest dollar, the amount of the effective interest expense on September 1, 2019, is $11,950. Therefore, the correct answer is not among the options provided.
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On January 1, 2016, Crammer Inc. issues five-year bonds with a total face amount of $1,000,000 and a stated rate of 8%. The bonds were issued at 103 on January 1, 2016. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. What is the balance in the Premium or Discount account after the June 30, 2016 entry? Show your calculation. What is the carrying value of the bonds after the June 30,2016 entry? Show your calculation. Give the journal entry to record the repayment of the bond at maturity on January 1, 2021, after all interest has been paid.
On January 1, 2016, Crammer Inc. issues five-year bonds with a total face amount of $1,000,000 and a stated rate of 8%. The bonds were issued at 103 on January 1, 2016. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31.
Premium or discount account balance as on June 30, 2016
Balance in Premium or Discount account = Total bond issue price - Total bond face amount + Total bond interest
Premium or Discount account balance = (103/100) × $1,000,000 - $1,000,000 + ($1,000,000 × 8% × 6/12)
Premium or Discount account balance = $1,030,000 - $1,000,000 + $40,000
Premium or Discount account balance = $70,000
The balance in the Premium or Discount account after the June 30, 2016 entry is $70,000.
Carrying value of the bonds after the June 30,2016 entry Balance in the Bond premium or discount account is added to the face value of the bonds to get the carrying value of bonds.
Carrying value of bonds after June 30, 2016 entry = Bond face amount + Premium or Discount account balance
Carrying value of bonds = $1,000,000 + $70,000 = $1,070,000
The carrying value of the bonds after the June 30, 2016 entry is $1,070,000.
Journal entry to record the repayment of the bond at maturity on January 1, 2021, after all interest has been paid
The maturity value of bonds will be equal to the face amount of bonds, which is $1,000,000.
On the maturity date, Crammer Inc. will pay the bondholders the maturity value of the bonds along with the last interest payment.
Journal entry to record the repayment of bonds on January 1, 2021:
Particulars Debit Credit
Bonds Payable$1,000,000
Bond Premium or Discount account$70,000
Cash$1,070,000
Hence, the journal entry to record the repayment of the bond at maturity on January 1, 2021, after all interest has been paid is as follows: Bonds Payable $1,000,000
Bond Premium or Discount account $70,000
Cash $1,070,000
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How
Scrum Master and Project Manager are alike and how they are
different? List the differences between these two roles.
short answer please
Both the Scrum Master and the Project Manager are management roles, and the success of the project depends on how effectively they execute their tasks. However, there are some differences between the roles of a Scrum Master and a Project Manager.
The Scrum Master and Project Manager have different responsibilities and work on different projects. The Scrum Master, as the name suggests, is a part of the Scrum team and ensures that the Scrum methodology is implemented efficiently. Their primary responsibilities include acting as a coach and facilitator, ensuring that the team follows the Scrum framework, and removing any obstacles that may hinder the team's progress.
On the other hand, a Project Manager's role is to ensure that a project is executed within the specified budget, scope, and time. They are responsible for planning, organizing, and overseeing all aspects of a project from start to finish. Additionally, Project Managers typically use traditional project management methodologies, whereas Scrum Masters use Agile methodologies.
To summarize, the main difference between a Scrum Master and a Project Manager is that a Scrum Master is responsible for ensuring that the Scrum methodology is implemented correctly, while a Project Manager is responsible for the overall execution of a project. Furthermore, Scrum Masters work in an Agile environment, while Project Managers use traditional project management methodologies.
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Which of the following situations may lead to an asset impairment?
A :A company increases production through a machine that previously had excess capacity.
B :A company decides to repair and use a previously unused piece of equipment.
C :A new technology leads to the availability of a more efficient and cost-effective machine.
D :Fatal flaws in a new technology make new equipment models less desirable.
The most likely situation that may lead to an asset impairment is a new technology leads to the availability of a more efficient and cost-effective machine.
An asset impairment is a loss in the value of an asset. This can happen for a number of reasons, including:
The asset becomes obsolete or technologically outdated.
The asset is damaged or destroyed.
The asset is no longer used or needed by the company.
In the case of option C, a new technology leads to the availability of a more efficient and cost-effective machine. This means that the old machine is no longer as valuable to the company, as it can be replaced with a newer, more efficient machine.
The other options are not as likely to lead to an asset impairment. Option A, a company increases production through a machine that previously had excess capacity, is actually likely to increase the value of the asset. Option B, a company decides to repair and use a previously unused piece of equipment, is also likely to increase the value of the asset. Option D, fatal flaws in a new technology make new equipment models less desirable, is possible, but it is less likely than option C.
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The demand for labor in a certain industry is N D =300−w, where N D is the number of workers employers want to hire and w is the real wage measured in dollars per day. The supply of labor in the same industry is N S
=200+w, where N S
is the number of people willing to work. A. According to this model, what is the equilibrium wage and employment in this industry? Show your work. B. According to this model, what is the equilibrium level of unemployment and why? C. According to this model, if the minimum wage is set at $60 per day, how many workers will be unemployed? Please, show your work.
The labor market equilibrium is the point at which the supply of labor equals the demand for labor. This point is determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves.
The model below gives the demand and supply of labor in a certain industry:ND = 300 - w ... (1)NS = 200 + w ... (2)whereND is the number of workers employers want to hire and w is the real wage measured in dollars per day;NS is the number of people willing to work.
We are to determine the equilibrium bbband employment in this industry.A. Equilibrium wage and employmentThe equilibrium wage is the wage at which the quantity of labor demanded equals the quantity of labor supplied. Equating (1) and (2), we have:ND = NS300 - w = 200 + ww = 50Therefore, the equilibrium wage is $50 per day. To determine employment, substitute the equilibrium wage into the demand equation:ND = 300 - w = 300 - 50 = 250Therefore, the equilibrium employment is 250.
B. Equilibrium level of unemployment and whyUnemployment refers to people willing and able to work but are not employed. At the equilibrium wage, the number of people willing to work is equal to the number of workers employers want to hire. Therefore, there is no unemployment in the labor market.
C. If the minimum wage is set at $60 per day, how many workers will be unemployed?The minimum wage is above the equilibrium wage, which leads to a surplus of labor. Employers want to hire fewer workers than the number of people willing to work, and this results in unemployment.
To determine the number of workers unemployed, substitute the minimum wage into the labor supply equation:NS = 200 + w = 200 + 60 = 260Substituting this value into the demand equation gives the quantity of labor demanded at the minimum wage:ND = 300 - w = 300 - 60 = 240The quantity of labor supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, so there is a surplus of labor of:NS - ND = 260 - 240 = 20Therefore, 20 workers will be unemployed.
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REASONS OF ITS OCCURANCE LAW ENFORCEMENT AFTER THE INCIDENT Convicted: K-G Spray-Pak Inc., 8001 Keele Street, Vaughan, Ontario, a manufacturer of aerosol products. Location: K-G Spray-Pak's plant located at 8001 Keele Street, Vaughan, Ontario. Description of Offence: A worker was injured after being struck by a moving lift truck being operated in reverse. Date of Offence: May 24, 2018 Date of Conviction: June 21, 2019.
K-G Spray-Pak Inc. was convicted after a worker was injured by a reversing lift truck at their facility.
Following an event that happened on May 24, 2018, K-G Spray-Pak Inc., an aerosol product manufacturer with headquarters in Vaughan, Ontario, was found guilty on June 21, 2019. At the K-G Spray-Pak facility on 8001 Keele Street, a lift truck traveling in reverse struck and wounded a worker, committing the offense. The fact that the corporation was convicted suggests that it was determined to be at fault for the tragedy, most likely as a result of a failure to follow the right safety procedures or training guidelines. Such occurrences highlight how crucial it is for law enforcement to hold businesses responsible for maintaining workplace safety and preventing mishaps that could endanger employees.
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After playing for the wild for a few seasons and showing what a good leader he can be, marcus foligno becomes the assistant captain. what type of leader is he?
The correct option is b. Emergent .' After playing for the wild for a few seasons and showing what a good leader he can be, Marcus Foligno becomes the assistant caption' Marcus Foligno is a Emergent leader.
Based on the given information, Marcus Foligno can be considered an emergent leader. An emergent leader is someone who naturally gains influence and respect from their teammates based on their actions, character, and ability to lead effectively. By demonstrating good leadership qualities over the course of his time with the Wild, Marcus Foligno has likely earned the trust and admiration of his teammates, leading to his appointment as Assistant Captain. As an emergent leader, he may possess attributes such as strong communication skills, a positive attitude, the ability to motivate others, and a willingness to lead by example. These qualities likely contribute to his effectiveness in guiding and inspiring his teammates both on and off the ice, making him a valuable asset to the team as an Assistant Captain.
The complete question is
After playing for the Wild for a few seasons and showing what a good leader he can be, Marcus Foligno becomes the Assistant Captain. What type of leader is he? a. Designated b. Emergent c. Implied d. Democratic
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please show all work (not in excel)
Question 24 Consider a growing annuity that starts with a payment of $67,000 at the end of year 1 with a constant growth rate of 3%. The growing annuity lasts for a total of 45 years and has an appropriate discount rate of 8%.
What is the present value of this growing annuity?
The formula for the present value of a growing annuity is:PVGA = PMT1 / (r - g) × [1 - (1 + g / (1 + r))t-n]Where,PMT1 is the first payment of the growing annuity, g is the growth rate of the annuity, r is the discount rate of the annuity, t is the time period, and n is the number of periods.
PMT1 = $67,000g
= 3%
r = 8%
t = 1
n = 45We can calculate the present value of this growing annuity as follows:
PVGA = 67,000 / (8% - 3%) × [1 - (1 + 3% / (1 + 8%))45]
PVGA = 67,000 / 5% × [1 - (1 + 3%)45 / (1 + 8%)45]PVGA = $1,340,000 × [1 - 0.1236]
PVGA = 1,169,656.88
Therefore, the present value of this growing annuity is 1,169,656.88.
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Mr. Madoff purchased an antique sold on eBay for 70% of Ebay asking price , he then sold it for 20% above it's true market value to make a profit of $800.
Ebay's price was 80% of the market value. find Ebay's original asking price?
Mr. Madoff purchased an antique sold on eBay for 70% of Embay asking price, and he sold it for 20% above its actual market value to make a profit of $800. eBay's price was 80% of the market value.
Step 1: Let us assume that the market value of the antique is $100.
Step 2: Mr. Madoff purchased the antique at a cost of 70% of the initial asking price of Embay, or $0.70x.
Step 3: Mr. Madoff sold the antique for 20% above its actual market value of $100, or $1.20(100) = $120.
Hence, he made a profit of $120 - $100 = $20. We know that this profit equals $800, so we can set up an equation to solve for x: $20 = 0.2x $800 = 40x x = 50
Step 4: If Mr. Madoff bought the antique for $0.70x, he paid $0.70(50) = $35.
Hence, the antique's market value on eBay was $35 / 0.80 = $43.75. Thus, Ebay's original asking price was $43.75. To sum up, Mr. Madoff purchased an antique sold on eBay for 70% of Ebay asking price. He then sold it for 20% above its true market value to make a profit of $800. eBay's price was 80% of the market value.
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which supreme court case ruled that the law forbids only state discrimination against blacks and that the law cannot interfere with discriminatory acts of businesses and individuals?
The Plessy v. Ferguson decision was widely criticized for upholding racial segregation and perpetuating discrimination. The decision was eventually overturned by the Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board of Education case, which declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court case that ruled that the law forbids only state discrimination against Blacks and that the law cannot interfere with discriminatory acts of businesses and individuals is Plessy v. Ferguson.
In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws in public facilities, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine. This doctrine allowed states to legally segregate public facilities based on race as long as the separate facilities were deemed equal in quality.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark Supreme Court case decided in 1896.
2. The case centered around Homer Plessy, who was arrested for refusing to leave a Whites-only railroad car in Louisiana.
3. Plessy argued that his arrest violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
4. The Supreme Court, in a 7-1 decision, upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.
5. The Court ruled that the law forbids only state discrimination against Blacks and that the law cannot interfere with discriminatory acts of businesses and individuals.
6. This ruling allowed states to continue implementing segregation laws in public facilities, such as schools, transportation, and public accommodations.
7. The "separate but equal" doctrine remained in place until it was overturned by the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
It is important to note that the Plessy v. Ferguson decision was widely criticized for upholding racial segregation and perpetuating discrimination. The decision was eventually overturned by the Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board of Education case, which declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
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As we head into the FALL of 2022, and we hear about new variants, new cases, and now just recently new guidance from the CDC about quaratines etc.. we are coming out of a various orders that have closed businesses and added additional restrictions on businesses in order to open. These restrictions were based on health and safety concerns related to the Coronavirus. My question to you is:
Are these orders legal?
What would you do as a business owner?
We now see case numbers on the rise again, and new diseases reported, what do you think should happen if there is another virus or pathogen outbreak? If you were a business and the business supported your family - what would you do?
As we head into the FALL of 2022, and we hear about new variants, new cases, and now just recently new guidance from the CDC about quarantines, etc., we are coming out of various orders that have closed businesses and added additional restrictions to businesses to open. These restrictions were based on health and safety concerns related to the Coronavirus. Yes, these orders are legal because they were enacted by the relevant legal bodies and constituted reasonable measures of ensuring public safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
If I were a business owner, I would ensure that my business adheres to the guidelines issued by the relevant authorities. The compliance should not only be for the benefit of the customers, but also to ensure that the business remains operational. As a business owner, I would also educate my employees about the importance of following the guidelines to minimize the spread of any virus or pathogen outbreak. If there were another virus or pathogen outbreak, I would ensure that the guidelines are followed, and the business operations would be adjusted according to the guidelines to reduce the spread of the outbreak. If the business supports my family, I would follow the guidelines and adjust the business operations to remain operational and ensure that my family is protected.
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OD is partly a reflection of
a. the result of its current engagement with organizations.
b. its past.
c. an outcome of emergent research.
d. All of these are correct.
According to the question all of these are correct.
Organization Development (OD) is influenced by various factors, making it a reflection of its current engagement with organizations, its past experiences and learnings, and the outcomes of emergent research in the field.OD is shaped by its current engagement with organizations as it involves actively working with clients to diagnose organizational issues, design interventions, and facilitate change processes. The strategies and practices employed by OD practitioners are influenced by the specific context, challenges, and goals of the organizations they work with.
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1.Companies typically employ two common production strategies: Make-to-stock and make-to-order. Which of the following best describes the make-to-stock production strategy.
Question 1 options:
It is the production strategy where companies manufacture individual units such as bicycles.
The production process is triggered by the need to fill a specific order.
The production process is triggered by a need to increase inventory. When inventory falls below certain levels production is initiated even if there is no pending order.
It is the the production of materials that are not manufactured in individual units.
2.Put the following Production Process steps in the correct order:
Question 9 options:
a
Goods are issued to the production order so material needed to produce products are issued from storage.
b
The organization creates a planned order which is a formal request for production that indicates what material are needed and how many units and when.
c
Production is confirmed in system.
d
Request for production is authorized by the production supervisor resulting in a production order which is an actual commitment to produce a specific quantity of material by a certain date.
e
Finished goods are moved into storage through a goods receipt.
f
Release production order to allow subsequent steps such as issuing material to shop floor and printing shop papers needed to execute steps in work centers.
g
The organization receives an order from a customer and there is no inventory of that product on hand.
h
The production order is set to TECO status indicating no further execution of the production process is possible. After a production has been completed and settled status is set to CLSD.
i
The goods are manufactured.
Make-to-stock production strategy is the production process triggered by a need to increase inventory. When inventory falls below certain levels production is initiated even if there is no pending order.
Most companies employ two common production strategies, make-to-stock and make-to-order production strategy. The make-to-stock strategy produces goods and products in advance to meet the expected demands of the market.
It is the production strategy where companies manufacture goods in anticipation of customer demand or forecasted demand.
Goods are produced and kept in stock, ready to be sold when the demand arises.
On the other hand, the Make-to-order strategy produces goods only when there is a confirmed order from the customer.
It is the production strategy where companies manufacture the goods based on specific customer orders.
The company does not manufacture any units until it receives a specific order from the customer.
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1. Discuss the telephone technique you would use if you had to handle a large number of incoming calls (10 marks)
2. Written messages include letters, memoranda, circulars, reports, notices and many others. Each one of the above mentioned has its specific uses. Differentiate between memorandums and circulars. (15 marks
The most effective telephone technique for dealing with a large number of incoming calls is call management through friendly and direct answering techniques.
What are the effective communication channels?There are several channels for transmitting oral and written messages, such as telephone calls, whose service techniques should focus on greeting, identification and active listening.
Therefore, written messages such as memos are used in companies for direct communication with a large number of people, while circulars are used to reach the organization's internal and external public.
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the auditor’s report on a corporation’s financial statements is addressed to the president of the company.
The auditor's report on a corporation's financial statements is addressed to the president of the company. The auditor's report is a formal document created by an external auditor that assesses and verifies the accuracy and completeness of a corporation's financial statements.
This report contains an opinion about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatements and present a true and fair view of the corporation's financial position and performance. The report is addressed to the president of the company, which is the individual responsible for the corporation's financial statements. The auditor's report is typically included in the corporation's annual report and is intended to provide assurance to shareholders and other stakeholders that the financial statements are reliable and trustworthy.
The report also serves as a key component of the corporation's overall system of internal controls and helps to ensure that the corporation's financial reporting processes are transparent and effective. The auditor's report is a critical tool for ensuring the integrity of the financial reporting process and maintaining the confidence of stakeholders in the corporation's financial statements.
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Sullivan's wife, Susan, died four years ago. Sullivan has not remarried and has found a new person to be his possible wife in 2022 . In 2021 , Sullivan received $82,000 of salary from his employer and $4,000 of business income (his net schedule C income); his total SE tax on line 23 was 865 . He also had the following expenses: 1. Total medical expenses $12,000; insurance reimbursed only $4,000. 2. Federal and State income taxes withheld from his salary were $10,000 and $6,000, respectively. 3. He paid real state taxes of $4,200 and mortgage interest of $6,000. 4. Charitable cash donations totaling $650 to qualified charities. 5 . Gambling expenses of $3,000; had not gambling winning. A. What is Sullivan's AGI for 2021 ? B. What is his total of itemized deductions. C. His taxable income. 4. His total tax liability (line 24). 5. His refund or balance due.
A. Sullivan's AGI for 2021= Salary income + Business Income - Above the line deductions
= 82,000+4,000 = 86,000
B. Sullivan's total itemized deduction = Medical expenses + Taxes + Interest + Charity - Other Miscellaneous Itemized deduction,
Thus, 12,000+10,200+6,000+650-0 = 28,850
C. To calculate the taxable income, we need to deduct Sullivan's itemized deductions from his AGI.
Thus, taxable income = AGI - Total Itemized deduction = 86,000-28,850 = 57,150.
4. His Total tax liability = Tax on taxable income + Self-employment taxes
= 7,905+865 = 8,770.
5. Sullivan's refund or balance due = Total taxes withheld - Total tax liability
= 16,000-8,770 = 7,230.
Since Sullivan had more tax withheld than his actual tax liability,
He is entitled to a refund of 7,230.
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3. Fashion Valet is one of these brands, founded by a popular Malaysian blogger, Vivy Yusof. Since 2010, Fashion Valet's platform has grown to include 400 brands, retail stores, and inhouse brands. Today, Fashion Valet is setting their sights on reaching global customers, with a local spin. Propose and explain ONE (1) target marketing strategy used by Fashion Valet. Provide relevant example to support your idea. 4. Disintermediation occurs when product or service producers cut out intermediaries and go directly to final buyers, or when radically new types of channel intermediaries displace traditional ones. Therefore, define marketing channel and explain with example FOUR (4) steps in channel design decisions.
3. Target marketing strategy refers to selecting a specific group of customers as a target market to provide them with products or services according to their preferences and needs.
4. Marketing channels are the methods or ways used by a business to reach its customers.
3. Target Marketing Strategy used by Fashion Valet:
Fashion Valet uses geographic, demographic, and psychographic segmentation for its target marketing strategy.
The company targets young women who are fashion-conscious, stylish, and love to wear trendy clothes.Fashion Valet offers personalized content and communication to its customers. They offer exclusive discounts and new products updates to their customers through email newsletters.
4. Marketing Channel and Steps in Channel Design Decisions: The channel design decision process includes 4 steps, which are as follows:
Step 1: Analyzing the Needs of the Target Market.The first step in the channel design decision process is analyzing the needs of the target market. A business should first analyze the needs of its target customers, and then design a channel that will effectively meet those needs.Step 2: Establishing Objectives and Constraints.The second step in the channel design decision process is establishing objectives and constraints. A business should determine its channel objectives and constraints to make sure they align with their business goals.Step 3: Identifying and Evaluating Alternative Channels.The third step in the channel design decision process is identifying and evaluating alternative channels. A business should identify and evaluate various channel alternatives that are available and choose the best one for their business.Step 4: Selecting and Managing Channel Members.The fourth and final step in the channel design decision process is selecting and managing channel members. A business should select and manage its channel members based on their needs, goals, and objectives.Know more about the Target marketing strategy
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onlineshop incorporated, ubiquitous incorporated, and travelmore corporation rely on various intangible assets to operate their businesses. these companies amortize the cost of these assets using the straight-line method over the following average estimated useful lives (in years), as reported in their annual reports. type of intangible asset onlineshop, incorporated ubiquitous, incorporated travelmore corporation developed technology 3.9 4.1 2.0 trade names 4.4 8.6 10.0 customer relationships 3.6 4.0 6.0 required: based on these estimates, identify the company that uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets.
Based on the average estimated useful lives reported in their annual reports, Travelmore Corporation uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets.
To identify the company that uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets, we need to compare the average estimated useful lives for each type of intangible asset.For developed technology, the average estimated useful lives are as follows: Onlineshop Incorporated: 3.9 years Ubiquitous Incorporated: 4.1 yearsTravelmore Corporation: 2.0 yearsFrom these estimates, we can see that Travelmore Corporation has the longest average estimated useful lives for both trade names (10.0 years) and customer relationships (6.0 years). While Onlineshop Incorporated and Ubiquitous Incorporated have longer estimated useful lives for developed technology (3.9 and 4.1 years, respectively), Travelmore Corporation's longer periods for trade names and customer relationships make it the company that uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets.
When comparing the average estimated useful lives for each type of intangible asset, we find that Travelmore Corporation uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets. The company's annual report indicates that they amortize their trade names over an average estimated useful life of 10.0 years and their customer relationships over an average estimated useful life of 6.0 years.In contrast, Onlineshop Incorporated has shorter estimated useful lives for both trade names (4.4 years) and customer relationships (3.6 years). Similarly, Ubiquitous Incorporated has shorter estimated useful lives for trade names (8.6 years) and customer relationships (4.0 years).
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answer the following questions
A) What are the two types of consumer spending as identified by Keynes, and what are the determinants of each?
B) What are the differences between classical theory and what Keynes believed?
A) According to Keynes, there are two types of consumer spending that have different determinants. These two types of spending are:
1. Autonomous Consumption: This type of consumption occurs when individuals or households spend money on basic needs such as food, clothing, and housing. This type of spending is independent of income levels and is necessary for survival. The determinants of autonomous consumption are the price of goods, the level of unemployment, and the level of wealth.
2. Induced Consumption: This type of consumption is dependent on disposable income levels. Induced consumption occurs when individuals or households have disposable income that they spend on discretionary items such as entertainment, vacations, and luxury goods. The determinants of induced consumption are disposable income, the interest rate, and the level of consumer confidence.
3. Fiscal policy: Classical theory suggests that fiscal policy (government spending and taxation) should be used to balance the budget. Keynesian theory suggests that fiscal policy can be used to stimulate demand and maintain full employment.
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A local bank advertises the following deal: Pay us $100 at the end of each year for 11 years and then we will pay you (or your beneficiaries) $100 at the end of each year forever.
a. Calculate the present value of your payments to the bank if the interest rate available on other deposits is 9.00%. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Present value
b. What is the present value of a $100 perpetuity deferred for 11 years if the interest rate available on other deposits is 9.00%. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Present value
c. Is this a good deal?
O No
O Yes
a. Present ValueThe present value of payments to the bank would be $688.32.
PMT = $100i = 9%N = 11PV = ?Use the formula for the present value of an annuity.
PV = PMT * [1 - (1 + i)-N]/iPV = $100 * [1 - (1 + 9%)-11]/9% = $688.32
Therefore, the present value of payments to the bank is
$688.32.b.
Present ValueThe present value of a $100 perpetuity deferred for 11 years would be
$422.16.R = $100i = 9%N = 11PV = ?Use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity:
PV = R/i * (1 - 1/(1 + i)N)PV = $100/9% * [1 - 1/(1 + 9%)11] = $422.16
Therefore, the present value of a $100 perpetuity deferred for 11 years is $422.16.
c. Is this a good deal?Yes, this is a good deal. The present value of the payments to the bank is
$688.32, which is less than the present value of a $100 perpetuity deferred for 11 years, which is
$422.16.
This means that paying $100 per year for 11 years and receiving $100 per year forever is a good deal because the present value of the payments to the bank is less than the present value of a $100 perpetuity deferred for 11 years.
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You own a put option on Ford stock with a strike price of $12. The option will expire in exactly six months. a. If the stock is trading at $8 in six months, what will be the payoff of the put? b. If the stock is trading at $27 in six months, what will be the payoff of the put? c. Draw a payoff diagram showing the value of the put at expiration as a function of the stock price at expiration. a. If the stock is trading at $8 in six months, what will be the payoff of the put? If the stock is trading at $8 in six months, the payoff of the put is $ (Round to the nearest dollar.) b. If the stock is trading at $27 in six months, what will be the payoff of the put? If the stock is trading at $27 in six months, the payoff of the put is $ (Round to the nearest dollar.) c. Draw a payoff diagram showing the value of the put at expiration as a function of the stock price at expiration. Which of the graphs below best represents the payoff diagram showing the value of the put? (Select the best choice below.)
The payoff of the put when the stock is trading at $8 in six months is $4. That is calculated as follows: Payoff of the put option = Max(Strike price - Stock price, 0).
Stock price = $8Strike price = $12Payoff of the put option = Max(12-8, 0) = Max(4, 0) = $4b) When the stock is trading at $27 in six months, the payoff of the put option will be $0. That is calculated as follows: Payoff of the put option = Max(Strike price - Stock price, 0)Stock price = $27Strike price = $12Payoff of the put option = Max(12-27, 0) = Max(-15, 0) = $0c).
The payoff diagram showing the value of the put at expiration as a function of the stock price at expiration can be represented as shown below: The option has a strike price of $12 and is a put option, therefore, the payoff diagram starts at $0 when the stock price is above the strike price ($12).
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The value of statistical life in Australia is $4.2 million according to most recent estimates.
Does that mean that if you have $4.2 million to spare, you can kill someone in Australia? The law says no, but should we therefore change the law to allow this?
No, the fact that the value of statistical life in Australia is 4.2 million does not mean that if you have 4.2 million to spare, you can kill someone in Australia.
Even though the law may not necessarily hold you accountable for paying 4.2 million in compensation if you accidentally kill someone, it is never acceptable to intentionally take another person's life.To begin with, it is worth noting that the value of statistical life (V S L) is an economic concept that is used to estimate the worth of reducing the risk of premature death in a population.
It refers to the dollar value that people are willing to pay to avoid an additional risk of premature death. The V S L is used to calculate the benefits of policies that aim to reduce the risk of premature death, such as reducing pollution, improving road safety, or regulating hazardous industries.
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Hector is one of four partners in Cross & Co., a firm of solicitors. Hector orders four new safes from Lock Ltd for the storage of confidential documents, one for the office of each partner in the firm. His three partners all think this an extravagance on Hector’s part and an unnecessary expense because each office already has lockable filing cabinets in situ. They seek to cancel the order but Lock Ltd refuses and demands payment. Which of the following best describes the legal position of Cross & Co. here?
Cross & Co. are bound by the contract because Hector has explicit authority to make such a contract as a partner of the firm.
Cross & Co. are bound by the contract which was made within the implied usual authority of Hector as a partner of the firm.
Cross & Co. are not bound by the contract which was made ultra vires to his powers as a partner of the firm.
Cross & Co. are not bound by the contract because the majority of the partners in the firm have not agreed to it.
The legal position of Cross & Co. is accurately described as being bound by the contract made within the implied usual authority of Hector as a partner of the firm.
The legal position of Cross & Co. can be described as follows:
Cross & Co. are bound by the contract which was made within the implied usual authority of Hector as a partner of the firm.
In this scenario, Hector, a partner of Cross & Co. (a firm of solicitors), orders four new safes from Lock Ltd for the storage of confidential documents. He intends to have one safe for each partner's office in the firm. However, his three partners disagree with this decision, considering it extravagant and unnecessary since lockable filing cabinets are already present in each office. Consequently, they attempt to cancel the order, but Lock Ltd refuses and insists on payment.
According to the legal principles surrounding partnerships, Cross & Co. is bound by the contract with Lock Ltd. This is because Hector, as a partner of the firm, possesses explicit authority to enter into such contracts. In the context of implied usual authority, any actions or decisions undertaken by a partner within the normal course of business are deemed to be carried out within their usual authority. As a result, Cross & Co. is held responsible for the contract entered into by Hector as it falls within his implied usual authority.
Therefore, the legal position of Cross & Co. is accurately described as being bound by the contract made within the implied usual authority of Hector as a partner of the firm.
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The Raw Materials account for Mac’s Motorcycles had a beginning balance of $25,000 for October. During the month, $10,000 of direct materials were transferred to Work in Process, and $7,000 of direct materials were purchased from a vendor. What is Mac’s ending Raw Materials balance for October?
$32,000
$22,000
$15,000
$18,000
For the month of October, Mac's closing raw material balance was $18,000.
For the month of October, the starting amount in Mac's Motorcycles' raw materials account was $25,000.
$10,000 in direct materials were moved to Work in Process during the month, while $7,000 in direct supplies were bought from a vendor.
The direct materials transferred to work in progress and the direct materials purchased from the vendor are subtracted from the beginning balance of raw materials for October to arrive at the concluding raw materials balance for the month.
The calculation looks like this:
Raw materials' initial balance is equal to $25,000
10,000 direct materials were moved to the active work.
$700 was spent on direct materials from the vendor.
Ending raw material balance = Beginning raw material balance + Direct materials added to work in progress + Direct materials bought from vendor
= $25,000 + $10,000 + $7,000 = $18,000.
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which of the following pays for the services provided by public employment agencies?
The correct answer is taxpayers. Taxpayers refer to individuals, entities, or organizations that are required by law to pay taxes to the government.
Public employment agencies, also known as job centers or labor exchanges, are government entities that provide various services to job seekers and employers. These agencies offer services such as job placement assistance, career counseling, job training programs, and unemployment benefits administration.
The funding for public employment agencies primarily comes from public funds, which are generated through taxes collected from individuals and businesses. Taxpayers contribute to the funding of these agencies through various taxes, such as income taxes, payroll taxes, or specific taxes allocated for employment and labor-related services.
The rationale behind taxpayers funding public employment agencies is to ensure that essential employment services are available to the public, promoting labor market efficiency, reducing unemployment rates, and supporting economic growth. These agencies play a crucial role in matching job seekers with suitable employment opportunities and providing resources for skills development and workforce integration.
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In the context of technological advancements, outsourcing, and offshoring, multinational corporations have moved certain production activities overseas to capitalize on _____.
Multinational corporations have moved certain production activities overseas to capitalize on various factors, which can include:
Cost advantages: Outsourcing and offshoring can allow companies to take advantage of lower labor costs in foreign countries. This can help reduce production expenses, increase profit margins, and remain competitive in the global market. Access to specialized skills and resources: Some countries may possess specific expertise, technologies, or resources that are valuable for certain production activities. Multinational corporations may opt to offshore production to leverage these specialized skills and resources that may not be as readily available domestically. Expanded markets: Moving production overseas can facilitate market expansion by establishing a local presence in foreign markets. Producing goods or services closer to the target market can lead to greater market responsiveness, reduced transportation costs, and improved customer service.
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