1. In project management terms, the schedule of a project is closely related to and defined by predecessor and successor relationships.
In project management, a predecessor is an activity that must be finished before another activity starts, while a successor is an activity that must start after another activity ends. The schedule of a project is determined by these relationships. If an activity must be completed before another can begin, it will be reflected in the project schedule. As a result, both predecessor and successor relationships are critical considerations when developing a project schedule. 2. A working breakdown structure (WBS) is used to ensure that all project activities are identified during the project planning phase. A work breakdown structure is a project management tool that breaks down project deliverables into manageable sections. The WBS assists in identifying all of the tasks that will be required to complete a project, as well as in determining how long each task will take to complete. The project team can then assign resources and build the project schedule based on the activities outlined in the WBS. 3. True: Team charter is necessary in order to obtain buy-in and ongoing support towards accomplishing project objectives. It secures organizational support for the project. A project charter outlines the project's scope, objectives, deliverables, and stakeholders, as well as any assumptions and constraints that will impact the project. A team charter, on the other hand, is a document that outlines the team's goals, roles, responsibilities, processes, and norms. It also establishes the team's expectations for communication and collaboration. A team charter is an important document because it helps team members to establish trust, clarify their roles, and align their objectives. It can also serve as a tool for resolving conflicts and for keeping the project on track.
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The real risk-free rate of interest, r, is 3%, and it is expected to remain constant over time. Inflation is expected to be 2% per year for the next 3 years and 4% per year for the next 5 years. The maturity risk premium is equal to 0.1 x (t-1)%, where t- the bond's maturity. The default risk premium for a BBB-rated bond is 1.3%. d. What is the yield on an 8-year Treasury bond? Answer Ts=r + IPs + MRPs. = 3% + (3 x 2% +5 x 4%)/8 +0.7% = = 3% +3.25% +0.7% = 6.95% e. What is the vield on an 8-year BBB-rated corporate bond with a liquidity pre
The yield on an 8-year Treasury bond is 6.95%. This calculation takes into account the real risk-free rate of interest (3%), expected inflation rates (2% for the next 3 years and 4% for the following 5 years), and the maturity risk premium (0.7% for an 8-year maturity).
To calculate the yield on an 8-year Treasury bond, we use the formula Ts = r + IPs + MRPs, where Ts is the yield, r is the real risk-free rate (3%), IPs is the sum of expected inflation rates (3 x 2% + 5 x 4%)/8, and MRPs is the maturity risk premium (0.7%).
First, we calculate the sum of expected inflation rates by weighting the inflation rates for each period according to their respective durations. For the first 3 years, the inflation rate is 2%, and for the next 5 years, it is 4%. By dividing the sum by the total duration of 8 years, we obtain the average inflation rate of 3.25%.
Next, we add the real risk-free rate (3%), the expected inflation rate (3.25%), and the maturity risk premium (0.7%) to obtain the yield on the 8-year Treasury bond, which comes out to be 6.95%.
For the yield on an 8-year BBB-rated corporate bond with a liquidity premium, the specific information about the liquidity premium is missing, so it cannot be calculated with the given data.
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The sales-mix variance will be unfavorable when which of the following occurs?
A) the actual sales mix shifts toward the less profitable units
B) the contribution margin per composite unit for the actual mix is greater than the budgeted mix
C) the actual unit sales are less than the budgeted unit sales
D) the actual contribution margin is less than the static-budget contribution margin
The contribution margin per composite unit for the actual mix is greater than the budgeted mix; this condition is not indicative of unfavorable sales-mix variance.When the actual sales mix shifts toward the less profitable units or the actual contribution margin is less than the static-budget contribution margin, the sales-mix variance becomes unfavorable.
Sales-mix variance is the distinction between the expected and actual amounts generated by the sales of different products in a mixture. It is unfavorable when the actual sales mix shifts towards less profitable units and actual contribution margin is less than the static-budget contribution margin. Below is a detailed explanation of how the sales-mix variance is unfavorable under the stated conditionsSales-mix variance is the difference between the expected and actual amounts generated by the sales of various products in a mix. When the actual sales mix shifts toward the less profitable units, the sales-mix variance becomes unfavorable. The unfavorable sales-mix variance occurs when the actual unit sales are less than the budgeted unit sales. Additionally, unfavorable sales-mix variance may occur when the actual contribution margin is less than the static-budget contribution margin. The contribution margin per composite unit for the actual mix is greater than the budgeted mix; this condition is not indicative of unfavorable sales-mix variance.When the actual sales mix shifts toward the less profitable units or the actual contribution margin is less than the static-budget contribution margin, the sales-mix variance becomes unfavorable.
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5) Consider an open economy operating under fixed exchange
rates. Using the goods market equilibrium condition, illustrate the
effect of a decrease in the foreign interest rate (i*)
on domestic output
5. [20 MARKS] Consider an open economy operating under fixed exchange rates. Using the goods market equilibrium condition, illustrate the effect of a decrease in the foreign interest rate i* on domest
In an open economy operating under fixed exchange rates, the goods market equilibrium condition is given by the equation:
Y = C(Y-T) + I(r) + G + NX(e)
Where:
Y = Domestic output
C(Y-T) = Consumption function, where Y represents income and T represents taxes
I(r) = Investment function, where r represents the domestic interest rate
G = Government spending
NX(e) = Net exports function, where e represents the exchange rate
Now, let's analyze the effect of a decrease in the foreign interest rate (i*) on domestic output (Y).
Decrease in foreign interest rate (i*):
When the foreign interest rate decreases, it makes domestic investments relatively more attractive compared to foreign investments. As a result, the domestic interest rate (r) may decrease or remain unchanged, depending on the monetary policy stance of the domestic country.
Effect on investment (I(r)):
If the domestic interest rate decreases or remains unchanged in response to the decrease in the foreign interest rate, it leads to a decrease in the cost of borrowing for domestic firms. This lower cost of borrowing stimulates domestic investment, leading to an increase in the investment component of the goods market equilibrium.
Effect on net exports (NX(e)):
A decrease in the foreign interest rate can also impact the exchange rate (e) in an open economy. Generally, a decrease in the foreign interest rate leads to a depreciation of the domestic currency. This depreciation makes domestic goods relatively cheaper for foreign buyers, increasing exports (X) and reducing imports (M). Consequently, net exports (NX) increase, contributing to the increase in domestic output.
Overall effect on domestic output (Y):
The combined effect of increased investment and increased net exports leads to an increase in aggregate demand. As a result, the goods market equilibrium condition implies an increase in domestic output (Y) to restore equilibrium in the economy.
In summary, a decrease in the foreign interest rate (i*) in an open economy operating under fixed exchange rates leads to increased investment and increased net exports, resulting in an increase in domestic output.
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The Malaysian economy is in equilibrium. Changes began to happen in the economy. Explain using the IS and LM curve what are the changes in the economy with BOP curve is facing a deficit.
3. Subsidy given to the consumption of B40.
When changes occur in the Malaysian economy, specifically with a deficit in the Balance of Payments (BOP) curve, it has implications for the equilibrium of the economy as depicted by the IS (Investment and Savings) and LM (Liquidity Preference and Money Supply) curves.
A deficit in the BOP curve implies that the country is importing more goods and services than it is exporting. This leads to a decrease in the country's foreign reserves and an outflow of currency. As a result, the LM curve shifts to the left due to a decrease in the money supply.
To counterbalance this shift, the government may implement certain policies. One such policy is providing subsidies to the consumption of the B40 group, which represents the lower-income segment of the population. By subsidizing their consumption, the government aims to boost their purchasing power and stimulate domestic demand.
This subsidy can be represented by an upward shift in the IS curve. The increased consumption by the B40 group leads to a rise in aggregate demand, which prompts businesses to produce more goods and services. This increase in output and income helps to mitigate the negative effects of the deficit in the BOP curve.
Overall, the subsidy given to the consumption of the B40 group helps to support domestic demand and economic growth in the face of a BOP deficit. It aims to improve the country's balance of trade by encouraging higher domestic consumption and reducing dependence on imports.
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How is CSR connected with the course outcomes ?
Who might benefit from exploring ethical communication?
What could be improved about ethical communication?
What are some weaknesses in ethic?
Course outcomes are the educational goals or expected achievements of a specific course.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept in which a company is responsible for its social and environmental impacts in addition to its economic activities.CSR is related to course outcomes in that it encourages students to think critically and engage with social issues that affect the business world. Understanding the connection between CSR and course outcomes is crucial for the development of responsible business leaders. CSR should be included as a part of course learning outcomes in business courses and programs.
Professionals in any field may benefit from exploring ethical communication as it will help them in establishing and maintaining good relationships with others and avoiding misunderstandings. It will also aid in developing a sense of trust and respect with others, which is essential for building a positive reputation.
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Use the following information for the Exercises below [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] The following financial statements and additional information are reported IKIBAN INC Comparative Balance Sheets June 30, 2018 and 2017 2018 2017 Assets $ 87,500 44,000 51,000 86,500 5,400 186,900 115,000 as Accounts receivable, net Inventory 65,000 63,800 4,400 220,700 124,000 (27,000) Prepaid expenses Total current assets Equipment Accum. depreciation-Equipment Total assets (9,000) $317,700 292,900 Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable $ 25,000 6,000 3,400 34,400 30,000 15,000 3,800 48,800 60,000 108,800 Wages payable Income taxes payable Total current liabilities Notes payable (long term) 30,000 Do Total 1iabilities Equity Common stock, $5 par value Retained earnigs 64,400 160,000 24,100 $317,700 292,900 220,000 33,300 Total liabilities and equity IKIBAN INC. Income Statement For Year Ended June 30, 2018 Sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses $678,000 411,000 267,000 $58,600 67,000 Depreciation expense Other expenses Total operating expenses 125,608 141,400 Other gains (losses) Gain on sale of equipment Income before taxes Income taxes expense Net income 2,000 143,400 43,890 $99,510 Additional Information a. A $30,000 note payable is retired at its $30,000 carrying (book) value in exchange for cash. b. The only changes affecting retained earnings are net income and cash dividends paid. c. New equipment is acquired for $57,600 cash. d. Received cash for the sale of equipment that had cost $48,600, yielding a $2,000 gain. e. Prepaid Expenses and Wages Payable relate to Other Expenses on the income statement f. All purchases and sales of inventory are on credit Exercise 12.11 Indirect: Preparing statement of cash flows (part 2) LO PI, P2, P3. Al 2) Compute the company's cash flow on total assets ratio for its fiscal year 2018. Choose Numerator: Choose Denominator: Cash Flow on Total Assets Ratio Operating cash flows / A Average total assets Cash flow on total assets ratio
The company's cash flow on total assets ratio for fiscal year 2018 is the ratio of operating cash flows to average total assets.
The cash flow on total assets ratio is a measure of a company's ability to generate cash flow from its total assets. It indicates how efficiently a company is using its assets to generate cash. To calculate the ratio, we divide the operating cash flows by the average total assets. Operating cash flows can be found in the statement of cash flows, and the average total assets can be calculated by adding the beginning and ending total assets and dividing by 2. By calculating this ratio, we can assess the company's ability to generate cash flow relative to its total assets and evaluate its overall financial performance.
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Draw the The Kinked Demand Curve and its corresponding marginal revenue curve and carefully explain the economic reasoning underlying the Kinked Demand Curve.
The kinked demand curve model is one of the different models used to explain the behavior of firms in an oligopolistic market structure. This model holds that the market demand curve is more elastic above the prevailing price than below it, creating a kink in the demand curve and making the marginal revenue curve discontinuous.
This kink in the demand curve is the result of firms in an oligopolistic market structure having a fear of price wars. If a firm tries to increase prices above the prevailing price, there is the likelihood that other firms will not follow, and the firm would experience a fall in demand leading to a fall in profits. On the other hand, if a firm decreases prices below the prevailing price, other firms would follow suit, and the price war would result in a fall in profits for all the firms involved. This fear of price wars and the resulting kink in the demand curve gives the oligopoly market its peculiar characteristics, including price rigidity, mutual interdependence, and difficulty in making long-term pricing decisions.The marginal revenue curve of the kinked demand curve model is also discontinuous. This is because firms would only increase output in response to a change in price if they believe that the change in price is permanent and would not result in retaliation from other firms. However, if they perceive that the change in price is temporary and would result in retaliation, they would not respond to the price change, resulting in the discontinuity of the marginal revenue curve.In conclusion, the kinked demand curve model is one of the ways to explain the behavior of firms in an oligopolistic market structure. The model is based on the assumption that firms have a fear of price wars and will not increase prices above or decrease prices below the prevailing price to avoid a fall in profits. This fear of price wars results in a kink in the demand curve and a discontinuous marginal revenue curve.
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The advantages of a functional structure include all of the following EXCEPT
Group of answer choices
an improved ability to meet the needs of different types of customers.
easier communication and information sharing among workers.
better monitoring by supervisors and group members.
higher workers' skills, which in turn lead to higher performance.
2. Which change model analyzes where change initiatives go wrong in order to steer clear of those pitfalls?
Group of answer choices
Lewin’s Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze Model
Baldwin and Bommer’s Futile Resistance Model
Bolman and Deal’s Four Frames Model
Kotter’s Eight Stages of Change Model
the FOCUS Model
The advantages of a functional structure include all of the following EXCEPT "an improved ability to meet the needs of different types of customers.
A functional structure is an organizational design in which the departments are grouped based on similar skills, expertise, or functions. The advantages of a functional structure are improved communication and information sharing among workers, better monitoring by supervisors and group members, higher workers' skills, which, in turn, lead to higher performance, but not an improved ability to meet the needs of different types of customers.
The Baldwin and Bommer's Futile Resistance Model help analyze where change initiatives go wrong to steer clear of those pitfalls. It guides an organization on how to manage resistance to change, avoiding the wrong ways of implementing change, so as not to encounter resistance to change.
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What is the first step of the message-sending process?
Develop rapport.
Transmit your message.
Check the receiver’s understanding.
State your communication objective.
The first step of the message-sending process is to develop rapport.
What is the initial phase in the message-sending process?Developing rapport is the essential first step in the process of sending a message. It involves establishing a connection and building a positive relationship with the intended recipient.
Rapport helps create an atmosphere of trust and understanding, which is crucial for effective communication. This step sets the foundation for the successful transmission and reception of the message.
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Organics Plus is considering which bad debt estimation method works best for its company. It is deciding between the income statement method, balance sheet method of receivables, and balance sheet aging of receivables method. If it uses the income statement method, bad debt would be estimated at 4 percent of credit sales. If it were to use the balance sheet method, it would estimate bad debt at 12 percent of accounts receivable. If it were to use the balance sheet aging of receivables method, it would split its receivables into three categories: 0–30 days past due at 6 percent, 31–90 days past due at 19 percent, and over 90 days past due at 26 percent. There is currently a zero balance, transferred from the prior year’s Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. The following information is available from the year-end income statement and balance sheet.
The management of Organics Plus is considering different methods of estimating bad debts. The income statement method estimates bad debt at 4 percent of credit sales.
The methods under consideration are the income statement method, the balance sheet method of receivables, and the balance sheet aging of receivables method. The balance sheet method estimates bad debt at 12 percent of accounts receivable. The balance sheet aging of receivables method divides its receivables into three categories: 0–30 days past due at 6 percent, 31–90 days past due at 19 percent, and over 90 days past due at 26 percent. There is no balance in the prior year's Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.
To decide which method to use, it is necessary to analyze the financial statements and check which one provides the most accurate estimation of the bad debts. For instance, under the income statement method, bad debt would be estimated at 4 percent of credit sales, which would be $8,000 (4 percent x $200,000 credit sales).The balance sheet method of receivables would estimate bad debt at 12 percent of accounts receivable, which would be $24,000 (12 percent x $200,000 accounts receivable).The balance sheet aging of receivables method would split the receivables into three categories: 0-30 days past due at 6 percent, 31-90 days past due at 19 percent, and over 90 days past due at 26 percent. This would be $7,800 (6 percent x $130,000) + $4,235 (19 percent x $22,250) + $2,496 (26 percent x $9,600) = $14,531.
In conclusion, using the balance sheet aging of receivables method gives the main answer and would result in the most accurate estimation of bad debts at $14,531.
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Perpetual Inventory Using LIFO Beginning inventory, purchases, and sales for Item ER27 are as follows: March 1 Inventory 94 units$29 5 Sale 75 units 11 Purchase 104 units $32 21 Sale 87 units Assuming a perpetual inventory system and using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, determine (a) the cost of merchandise sold on March 21 and (b) the inventory on March 31 a. Cost of merchandise sold on March 21 b. Inventory on March 31 Submit Answer Try Another Version
Cost of merchandise sold on March 21 = $3,328; b. Inventory on March 31 = $1,152. Therefore, inventory on March 31 would be: Inventory on March 31 = 94 units + 104 units - 162 units= 36 units .
(a) Cost of merchandise sold on March 21:The last item that enters into inventory is the first one to be sold under the LIFO method. Consequently, the last item bought on March 21 at $32 is the first one to leave in March when 87 units were sold.
Therefore, the cost of goods sold would be: Cost of merchandise sold on March 21 = 104 units * $32 = $3,328(b) Inventory on March 31:The units of inventory on March 31 would be the sum of the beginning inventory of 94 units plus purchases of 104 units less units sold. Therefore, inventory on March 31 would be: Inventory on March 31 = 94 units + 104 units - 162 units= 36 units .
To obtain the total cost of the merchandise, add the cost of the beginning inventory and purchases made during the month: Cost of goods available for sale = (Beginning inventory x cost per unit) + purchases = ($29 x 94) + ($32 x 104) = $2,726 + $3,328 = $6,054Therefore, the inventory on March 31st is 36 units, and its cost is 36 units * $32 = $1,152. Answer: a. Cost of merchandise sold on March 21 = $3,328; b. Inventory on March 31 = $1,152.
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QUESTION 10 A company is evaluating an investment proposal using the payback period method. Cash inflows are expected to be $80 000 in year 1, $120 000 in year 2, $150 000 in year 3, and $180 000 in year 4. The initial investment required is $380 000. Assuming even cash inflows throughout each year, the payback period is... O 3,17 years 3 years O O 3,47 years. O3.34 years 1 poin
The payback period for the given investment proposal is approximately 3.17 years.
The payback period method is a simple capital budgeting technique that measures the time it takes for an investment to generate enough cash inflows to recover the initial investment cost. In this case, the initial investment required is $380,000.
To calculate the payback period, we need to determine the cumulative cash inflows each year until they exceed or equal the initial investment.
In year 1, the cash inflow is $80,000. In year 2, it is $120,000, resulting in a cumulative cash inflow of $200,000. In year 3, the cash inflow is $150,000, making the cumulative cash inflow $350,000. Finally, in year 4, the cash inflow is $180,000, which brings the cumulative cash inflow to $530,000, exceeding the initial investment.
By analyzing the cumulative cash inflows, we can see that it takes approximately 3.17 years (or 3 years and 2 months) for the total cash inflows to surpass the initial investment of $380,000. Therefore, the payback period for this investment proposal is approximately 3.17 years.
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Next year, National Beverage Company will increase its plant, property, and equipment by $4,068,000 with a plant expansion. The inventories will grow by 33%, accounts receivable will grow by 22%, and marketable securities will be reduced by 50% to help finance the expansion. Assume all other asset accounts will remain the same and the company will use long-term debt to finance the remaining expansion costs (no change in common stock or retained earnings). Using this information and the balance sheet, for National Beverage Company for 2013, prepare a pro forma balance sheet for 2014. How much additional debt will the company need using this pro forma balance sheet?
Complete the pro-forma balance sheet for 2014 below: (Round to the nearest dollar.)
The pro forma balance sheet for National Beverage Company in 2014 indicates that the company will require an additional debt of $4,415,080 to finance its plant expansion and other changes in assets.
To prepare the pro forma balance sheet for 2014, we need to consider the changes in various asset accounts and their impact on the company's financial position.
The plant, property, and equipment will increase by $4,068,000 due to the plant expansion. Inventories will grow by 33%, so we can calculate the increase as 33% of the existing inventory value. Similarly, accounts receivable will grow by 22%, and marketable securities will be reduced by 50%.
The remaining asset accounts are assumed to remain the same, so their values from the 2013 balance sheet can be carried over to the pro forma balance sheet for 2014.
To finance the expansion costs, the company will use long-term debt. Since there is no change in common stock or retained earnings, the additional debt needed can be calculated as the total increase in assets (including plant expansion) minus the increase in accounts payable (which remains the same as in 2013).
By summing up all the changes in asset accounts, we find that the total increase in assets amounts to $4,241,080. Subtracting the increase in accounts payable of $174,000 (from the 2013 balance sheet) yields the additional debt needed, which is $4,415,080.
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Prepare journal entries to record the following. (If no entry required, select "No entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit amount titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.) Sound Tracker Company retires its delivery equipment, which cost $41,000. Accumulated depreciation is also $41,000 on this delivery equipment. No salvage value is received. Sound Tracker Company retires its delivery equipment, which cost $41,000. Accumulated depreciation is also $37,000 on this delivery equipment. No salvage value is received.
For the first scenario where accumulated depreciation is equal to the cost of the delivery equipment, the following journal entry is required:
No entry is required as the cost and accumulated depreciation of the equipment are equal, resulting in a net book value of zero. For the second scenario where accumulated depreciation is less than the cost of the delivery equipment, the following journal entry is required:
Debit Accumulated Depreciation - Delivery Equipment for $37,000
Debit Loss on Disposal of Delivery Equipment for $4,000
Credit Delivery Equipment for $41,000
The debit to Accumulated Depreciation - Delivery Equipment reduces the balance of the account to reflect the total depreciation taken on the asset up to the date of disposal. The debit to Loss on Disposal of Delivery Equipment reflects the difference between the cost of the asset and its accumulated depreciation. Finally, the credit to Delivery Equipment removes the asset from the balance sheet.
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What is the difference between a unilateral mistake and a
mutual mistake? What are the legal remedies for mistakes in
contract law?
A unilateral mistake occurs when only one party to the contract is mistaken about a material fact, while a mutual mistake occurs when both parties are mistaken. In the case of a unilateral mistake, the mistaken party may not be able to seek legal remedies unless they can prove that the other party knew or should have known about the mistake.
Rescission allows the contract to be cancelled and both parties to be returned to their pre-contractual positions. Reformation allows for the terms of the contract to be changed to accurately reflect the parties' intentions. In either case, the mistaken party may be entitled to damages to compensate for any losses suffered as a result of the mistake.
A unilateral mistake occurs when only one party in a contract is mistaken about a term or fact, while a mutual mistake occurs when both parties share the same misunderstanding. In a unilateral mistake, the contract may still be enforceable if the non-mistaken party was unaware of the error.
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suppose+you+purchased+a+stock+a+year+ago.+today,+you+receive+a+dividend+of+$16+and+you+sell+the+stock+for+$123.+if+your+return+was+14%,+at+what+price+did+you+buy+the+stock?
The amount received from the dividend is $16.
Let the purchase price be x dollars. The selling price is $123. The return of 14% is required, and we must determine the purchase price. If the profit is calculated, the selling price minus the purchase price will be obtained.
The profit will be equal to the amount received from the dividend as well. The given conditions may be represented by the following equation:14/100 x (x) + 16 = 123x = 100The price at which the stock was purchased was $100.
To calculate the price at which the stock was purchased, we must use the following formula: Return on investment (ROI) = (profit/initial investment) * 100Profit is calculated by subtracting the purchase price of the stock from the selling price of the stock. The return on investment is 14%.
Dividends received are also factored into the calculation of profit in this situation. We can use the following equation to calculate the purchase price:14/100 x (x) + 16 = 123x = 100 Therefore, the stock was purchased for $100. Because the selling price is $123, the profit will be $23. The dividend received is also $16. As a result, the return on investment (ROI) would be calculated as follows:(23 + 16)/100 = 39/100ROI = 39%
The purchase price of the stock can be calculated by using the formula ROI = (profit/initial investment) * 100. We can substitute the given values in the formula, which gives us the purchase price of $100. The profit in this case is $23, and the dividend received is $16. We can then calculate the return on investment, which is 39%.
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Which of the following is correct? Group of answer choices An investment that has an initial capital outlay of $90 and a cash flow of $100 in one year. It has an internal rate of return of 10%. Investments with internal rates of return greater than their costs of capital should be accepted. Investments with high internal rates of return should be accepted.
The correct statement among the following options is "Investments with internal rates of return greater than their costs of capital should be accepted".
The internal rate of return (IRR) is the interest rate at which a given investment's net present value (NPV) equals zero. The internal rate of return is used to assess the potential profitability of a company or investment. It compares the expected cash inflows to the expected cash outflows to determine if an investment is viable. If the IRR is higher than the company's cost of capital, the investment may be worthwhile.Investments with IRRs higher than their cost of capital should be considered because they create more value than they cost. When comparing investment opportunities, the IRR metric can be used as a screening tool. In comparison to the cost of capital, which is the minimum return required to justify an investment, investments with a higher IRR offer greater value for money. The investment with an initial capital outlay of $90 and a cash flow of $100 in one year and an internal rate of return of 10% satisfies the condition, which means that it has an IRR that is greater than the cost of capital, and the investment should be accepted.
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Home Appliances is a shop which sells washing machines and cookers.
On the 1st January 2019 it had in stock 20 washing machines which cost £235 each and 25 cookers which cost £515 each.
During 2019 the following transactions took place:
Bought 30 washing machines each month for the first six months at £245 each, and then 30 washing machines each month at £255 each, for the last six months. Bought 20 cookers each month for the first six months at £560 each and then 25 cookers each month for the last six months at £575 each.
Employed one sales assistant at £16,500
Employed one fitter at £24,700
Advertised in the local press at a cost of £90 per month
Paid rent at £2,500 per quarter
Paid insurance of £950
Paid a part-time bookkeeper £150 per month to keep the accounts
Had vehicle expenses of £9800
Printed advertising leaflets at a cost of £500
Sold 30 washing machines each month at £385 each for the first six months and then 31 washing machines each month at £415 each for the last six months. Sold 20 cookers each month at £780 for the first six months and then 22 cookers each month at £820 each for the last six months.
Required:
(a) Calculate the values of the opening stock, Purchases, Sales and Closing stock.
(b) M Trading and Profit and Loss account for the year ended 31st December 2019.
(c) Calculate the gross profit margin and the net profit as a percentage of sales.
(a) Calculation of Opening Stock, Purchases, Sales, and Closing Stock:
Opening Stock:
Washing Machines: 20 units x £235 = £4,700
Cookers: 25 units x £515 = £12,875
Purchases:
Washing Machines:
First six months: 30 units/month x 6 months x £245 = £44,100
Last six months: 30 units/month x 6 months x £255 = £45,900
Cookers:
First six months: 20 units/month x 6 months x £560 = £67,200
Last six months: 25 units/month x 6 months x £575 = £51,750
Sales:
Washing Machines:
First six months: 30 units/month x 6 months x £385 = £69,300
Last six months: 31 units/month x 6 months x £415 = £77,070
Cookers:
First six months: 20 units/month x 6 months x £780 = £93,600
Last six months: 22 units/month x 6 months x £820 = £108,240
Closing Stock:
Washing Machines:
First six months: 30 units/month x 6 months = 180 units
Last six months: 31 units/month x 6 months = 186 units
Closing Stock Value = (180 units x £255) + (186 units x £255)
Cookers:
First six months: 20 units/month x 6 months = 120 units
Last six months: 22 units/month x 6 months = 132 units
Closing Stock Value = (120 units x £575) + (132 units x £820)
(b) Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the Year Ended 31st December 2019:
Sales:
Washing Machines: £69,300 + £77,070
Cookers: £93,600 + £108,240
Opening Stock: £4,700 + £12,875
Purchases: £44,100 + £45,900 + £67,200 + £51,750
Closing Stock: Calculated in (a)
Gross Profit = Sales - Opening Stock - Purchases + Closing Stock
Expenses:
Employed one sales assistant: £16,500
Employed one fitter: £24,700
Advertised in the local press: £90/month x 12 months
Rent: £2,500/quarter x 4 quarters
Insurance: £950
Part-time bookkeeper: £150/month x 12 months
Vehicle expenses: £9,800
Printed advertising leaflets: £500
Net Profit = Gross Profit - Total Expenses
(c) Gross Profit Margin and Net Profit as a Percentage of Sales:
Gross Profit Margin = (Gross Profit / Sales) x 100
Net Profit Percentage = (Net Profit / Sales) x 100
Calculate these percentages using the values obtained in the Trading and Profit and Loss Account.
Note: The specific values for Purchases, Closing Stock, and Expenses can be calculated using the given transaction details.
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QUESTION 7 Assume that the oil extraction company needs to extract Q units of oil (a depletable resource) reserve between two periods in a dynamically efficient manner. What should be a maximum amount
The maximum amount to extract requires a careful analysis of the resource characteristics, economic factors, and sustainability considerations to strike a balance between present and future value.
In order to extract a depletable resource, such as oil, in a dynamically efficient manner, the oil extraction company should aim to maximize the present value of the resource over time. This involves optimizing the extraction rate to balance the benefits of crrent extraction with the potential for future extraction and value.
To determine the maximum amount to extract, the company needs to consider several factors, including the current reserve size, the rate of extraction, and the rate of resource renewal or replenishment, if applicable. The specific details of these factors may vary depending on the characteristics of the oil reserve and the surrounding environment.
Ideally, the extraction rate should be set such that the marginal benefits of extraction, in terms of the value of the extracted oil, equal the marginal costs of extraction. This ensures that the resource is utilized efficiently and maximizes the overall economic benefit.
Additionally, the company may need to consider the time value of money, discounting future benefits and costs to determine the present value of the resource. This allows for a fair comparison of the value of extraction in different time periods.
It is important to note that the optimal extraction rate may change over time as new information becomes available or as market conditions evolve. The company should continuously monitor and assess the extraction process to ensure it remains dynamically efficient and aligned with economic and environmental considerations.
Overall, determining the maximum amount to extract requires a careful analysis of the resource characteristics, economic factors, and sustainability considerations to strike a balance between present and future value.
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12.
Tying off to an anchor that is less than a 30-degree angle from
where you will be working can help prevent a swing-fall.
True
False
13. What are some of the indirect costs of a workplace injury?
(
12. Tying off to an anchor that is less than a 30-degree angle from where you will be working can help prevent a swing-fall. This statement is a true statement.
A swing fall is a type of fall that occurs when a worker swings to one side or the other and comes into contact with a structure or object. To avoid a swing-fall, workers should tie off to an anchor that is less than a 30-degree angle from where they will be working. This can help to prevent the worker from swinging to one side or the other.
13. Some of the indirect costs of a workplace injury include decreased productivity, increased training costs, increased insurance premiums, increased administrative costs, and decreased employee morale. The main answer is decreased productivity, increased training costs, increased insurance premiums, increased administrative costs, and decreased employee morale.
Decreased productivity: Workplace injuries can result in decreased productivity as injured workers may miss work, have reduced hours or be less productive while recovering. Increased training costs: If an employee is injured, new employees may need to be trained to fill in for the injured worker. This can increase training costs for the organization. Increased insurance premiums: If an organization has a high rate of workplace injuries, their insurance premiums may increase.
Increased administrative costs: Organizations may need to pay for additional administrative tasks, such as paperwork or legal fees, related to workplace injuries. Decreased employee morale: Workplace injuries can lower employee morale as workers may feel that their safety is not a priority for the organization.
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Tying off to an anchor that is less than a 30-degree angle from where you will be working can help prevent a swing-fall. Is the statement true or false?The statement is True.
When tying off to an anchor, it is essential to ensure that the anchor is at a good angle to prevent a swing-fall. When the anchor is less than 30 degrees from where you will be working, it helps prevent a swing-fall. Therefore, the statement is true.
What are some of the indirect costs of a workplace injury?
Answer :Injuries are costly for businesses and can have significant impacts on both the worker and the employer. Workplace injuries can result in indirect and direct costs. Direct costs include medical costs, workers’ compensation insurance, and other related expenses. Indirect costs are costs that do not relate to the medical expenses of the injured worker but are associated with the injury. Some of the indirect costs of a workplace injury include the cost of training and replacing an injured worker, the cost of investigations, and the loss of productivity and reduced morale for the workforce. Injured workers also experience loss of income, increased stress levels, and loss of confidence in their abilities. As a result, it is crucial for businesses to focus on injury prevention and take proactive measures to maintain a safe working environment.In conclusion, it is important to tie off to an anchor that is less than a 30-degree angle from where you will be working to prevent swing-falls. Workplace injuries can have significant impacts on both the worker and the employer. Therefore, it is crucial for businesses to focus on injury prevention and take proactive measures to maintain a safe working environment.
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Alex, Belinda, Cassandra, Davina and Edward are enthusiast stamp
collectors and want to start an online business that buys and sells
historical stamps from around the world. They decide to set up a
co
Each business structure has its own characteristics and implications in terms of liability, taxation, and ownership.
To determine whether it is true or false, I require further information regarding the setup of the stamp collector's online business.
Based on the provided information, Alex, Belinda, Cassandra, Davina, and Edward, who are stamp collectors, have decided to establish an online business focused on buying and selling historical stamps from around the world. However, the statement does not provide complete details regarding the specific business structure they intend to establish.
To determine the truth or falsehood of the statement, we need additional information about the type of business entity they plan to set up. Common options include sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company (LLC), or corporation.
Each business structure has its own characteristics and implications in terms of liability, taxation, and ownership. The choice of business entity depends on various factors, such as the owners' preferences, the desired level of liability protection, and the nature of the business itself.
Without knowing the specific business structure they intend to establish, it is uncertain whether the statement is true or false. To provide a justified response, please provide further details about the type of business entity they plan to set up, and I will be able to provide a more accurate answer.
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A German importer needs to pay US$1,000,000 to its US supplier in one month’s time. What will be the cost of payment in € by fixing the payment with certainty today? What is the difference from the rate quoted at the spot market?
The spot exchange rate between the Euro and the Sterling Pound is 1.1299-1.1312. The three month Euro deposits interest rate is 5.64% while the three month Sterling Pound interest rate is 4.86%. A Cypriot importer has to pay in three months a total of Stg£250,000 to its UK supplier. What is the expected forward rate to be quoted by his bank and what will be his total cost in Euros?
To determine the cost of payment in Euros for a German importer needing to pay US$1,000,000 to its US supplier in one month, we need to consider the spot exchange rate between the Euro and the US Dollar
To calculate the cost of payment in Euros for the German importer, we need to convert US$1,000,000 to Euros using the spot exchange rate. Let's assume the spot exchange rate is 1.1299-1.1312 Euros per US Dollar. Taking the midpoint of the range, the conversion rate is approximately 1.1306 Euros per US Dollar. Therefore, the cost of payment in Euros would be 1,000,000 US Dollars multiplied by 1.1306, resulting in the cost in Euros.
To calculate the difference from the spot market rate, we need to compare the spot exchange rate with the rate used for the payment in Euros. If the spot exchange rate differs from the rate used for payment, there will be a difference in the cost of payment. The exact difference can be calculated by subtracting the spot exchange rate from the payment rate and multiplying it by the amount being paid in US Dollars.
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An experienced manager- Tarun- found that one of his subordinates- Arun-simply refused to understand even the most logical viewpoint shared by another subordinate- Varun, both of whom had been working
Tarun needs to address the issue of Arun refusing to understand Varun's viewpoint. This problem can have a negative impact on the organization's productivity and culture.
In any organization, it is the duty of the manager to ensure that their subordinates work together to achieve their common goal. In the scenario, an experienced manager, Tarun, found that one of his subordinates, Arun, refused to understand the viewpoint shared by another subordinate, Varun. Tarun needs to approach this issue carefully since it can have a negative impact on the organization's productivity and culture. It is essential for Tarun to have a clear understanding of why Arun refuses to see Varun's viewpoint.
There are various reasons why Arun might be refusing to see Varun's viewpoint. Firstly, Arun might not be familiar with the subject matter. Secondly, Arun might have a different way of thinking that is making it hard for him to see Varun's viewpoint. Thirdly, it could be a personality clash between Arun and Varun that is causing this issue. Tarun needs to evaluate the situation and determine the root cause of the problem.
One of the ways Tarun can solve this issue is by having a one-on-one meeting with Arun. During this meeting, Tarun can try to understand why Arun is refusing to see Varun's viewpoint. Tarun can also offer solutions to the problem to ensure that the two subordinates work together effectively. Additionally, Tarun can organize a team-building exercise for all the subordinates to ensure that they learn how to work together as a team.
Tarun can solve this problem by having a one-on-one meeting with Arun, offering solutions to the problem, and organizing a team-building exercise for all the subordinates.
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For Solar Industries and its related but separate financing company Solar Financing Corp. Required: a. Calculate the debt to equity ratio for 2019 and 2020. (Round the final answers to 2 decimal places.) Solar Industries (in millions) 2020 2019 43.450 37.300 21,102 24,555 Total Debt (A) Total Equity (B) Solar Financing Corp (in millions) 2020 2019 89,360 77,052 9,070 8,054
The debt to equity ratio for Solar Industries in 2020 is 0.41, and in 2019 it is 0.54. For Solar Financing Corp, the debt to equity ratio in 2020 is 9.86, and in 2019 it is 9.57.
The debt to equity ratio is a financial metric that indicates the proportion of debt and equity financing used by a company. It is calculated by dividing the total debt by total equity. For Solar Industries in 2020, the total debt is $43.450 million, and the total equity is $21,102 million. Therefore, the debt to equity ratio is calculated as $43.450 million / $21,102 million ≈ 0.41. Similarly, for Solar Industries in 2019, the total debt is $37.300 million, and the total equity is $24,555 million. Thus, the debt to equity ratio is $37.300 million / $24,555 million ≈ 0.54. Moving on to Solar Financing Corp, in 2020, the total debt is $89,360 million, and the total equity is $9,070 million. Hence, the debt to equity ratio is $89,360 million / $9,070 million ≈ 9.86. For Solar Financing Corp in 2019, the total debt is $77,052 million, and the total equity is $8,054 million. Consequently, the debt to equity ratio is $77,052 million / $8,054 million ≈ 9.57.
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In every corporation the one class of stock that represents the
basic ownership interest is called
common stock.
owners’ stock.
cumulative stock.
preferred stock.
The class of stock that represents the basic ownership interest in every corporation is called common stock.
Common stock is the class of stock that represents the fundamental ownership interest in a corporation. It is the most prevalent type of stock issued by companies and grants shareholders certain rights and privileges.
Owners of common stock are considered the true owners of the corporation and have voting rights that allow them to participate in the decision-making processes of the company. They typically have the right to elect the board of directors and vote on significant corporate matters such as mergers, acquisitions, and major policy changes.
Additionally, common stockholders have the potential to receive dividends, which are a portion of the company's profits distributed to shareholders. However, the payment of dividends is not guaranteed and is subject to the company's financial performance and the discretion of the board of directors.
In terms of ownership hierarchy, common stockholders have a residual claim on the company's assets and earnings. This means that in the event of liquidation or bankruptcy, common stockholders are entitled to the remaining assets after all other claims, such as debt obligations and preferred stock, have been satisfied.
Overall, common stock represents the core ownership interest in a corporation, providing shareholders with voting rights, potential dividends, and a residual claim on the company's assets and earnings.
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Production budgets always show both budgeted units of product and total costs for the budgeted units.
True or False
A production budget is a type of budget that estimates the number of units that a company must manufacture to fulfill sales objectives.
It's calculated by first calculating how many units a business wishes to sell in the coming period, then adding any planned growth or inventory changes.Based on the sales budget, the production budget is generated, which includes the quantity of finished goods that must be produced and the quantity of direct materials and labor required to manufacture those finished goods. The quantity of inventory required to maintain target levels must also be determined in the production budget.The production budget also includes the total cost of manufacturing the budgeted units. As a result, production budgets always show both budgeted units of product and total costs for the budgeted units.
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Please help me answer these right
refers to ranking the economies of the world. To take ownership and control. A non-equity mode of entry related to selling with an alliance partner. An ownership interest in a business. (Does not have
Global Competitive refers to ranking the economies of the world.
Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in a society. It analyzes how individuals, businesses, governments, and other entities make choices to allocate limited resources to satisfy their needs and want. Economies can be observed at various levels, ranging from individual households to global markets.
Economies are influenced by a variety of factors, including supply and demand, prices, inflation, employment, and government policies. Economic systems can be categorized into different types, such as market economies, where prices are determined by the interaction of buyers and sellers, and command economies, where the government controls the allocation of resources. Mixed economies combine elements of both market and command systems.
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Complete Question:
____ refers to ranking the economies of the world.
Consumer Price Index Average Weekly Total Earnings (CPI) (AWTE) (CPI = 100 in 2012-13) ($ per week) Hobart Australia Tasmania Australia Mar-2021 118.5 117.9 Jun-2021 119.8 118.8 $1,130 $1,306 Sep-2021 120.2 119.7 Dec-2021 122.9 121.3 $1,127 $1,329 Mar-2022 125.4 123.9 Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2021, 6401.0 Consumer Price Index, Australia, TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes, ABS, Canberra. b. Calculate the quarterly inflation rate for Hobart Australia in December 2021 and March 2022. When did Hobart experience its largest increase in prices? Was this the same for Australia as a whole? (15 marks) C. Using the fact that the base year for the CPI is 2012-2013, interpret the CPI for March 2022 for Australia and Hobart.
To calculate the quarterly inflation rate, we need to use the formula:
Inflation rate = ((CPI in current quarter - CPI in previous quarter) / CPI in previous quarter) * 100
For Hobart Australia:
Inflation rate in December 2021 = ((122.9 - 120.2) / 120.2) * 100 = 2.24%
Inflation rate in March 2022 = ((125.4 - 122.9) / 122.9) * 100 = 2.04%
The largest increase in prices in Hobart occurred in December 2021, with an inflation rate of 2.24%.
To determine if this was the same for Australia as a whole, we need to calculate the inflation rate for Australia:
Inflation rate in December 2021 = ((121.3 - 119.7) / 119.7) * 100 = 1.34%
Inflation rate in March 2022 = ((123.9 - 121.3) / 121.3) * 100 = 2.14%
The largest increase in prices for Australia as a whole occurred in March 2022, with an inflation rate of 2.14%.
Now, let's interpret the CPI for March 2022 for Australia and Hobart, using the base year 2012-2013:
For Hobart Australia:
CPI for March 2022 = 125.4
This means that prices, on average, have increased by 25.4% since the base year (2012-2013).
For Australia:
CPI for March 2022 = 123.9
This means that prices, on average, have increased by 23.9% since the base year (2012-2013).
The CPI measures the change in the price level of a basket of goods and services over time. In this context, the CPI for March 2022 indicates that prices have increased by 25.4% in Hobart and 23.9% in Australia since the base year. This reflects the general inflationary trend and the rise in prices of various goods and services in the economy.
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Please answer the questions about cartels and the specific case of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) a. Which statement is generally true of cartels? Cartels never stick to their agreed-upon quotas. In the United States, cartel members can legally meet to set prices. Cartels usually raise prices by expanding output. Cartels collude to raise prices and profits. b. Which statement is true of OPEC? OPEC sets production quotas in order to restrict supply. The United States is a leading member of OPEC. Saudi Arabia is an occasional and minor player in OPEC. OPEC includes only nations from the Middle East.
a) The correct statement which is generally true of cartels is "Cartels collude to raise prices and profits."
b) The correct statement which is true of OPEC is "OPEC sets production quotas in order to restrict supply.
Cartels are organizations of producers or suppliers who agree to reduce competition among themselves to raise prices and profits. In this regard, cartels collude to increase prices in the market through setting quotas, prices, and the division of markets. They typically operate in the oligopoly market where a few firms dominate the market and thus reduce competition among themselves.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was created in 1960 and is an organization of countries that produce oil. Its primary aim is to regulate the oil market and control the price of oil to increase profits for the member countries. OPEC controls the price of oil by setting production quotas for its member countries. In this regard, OPEC restricts supply in order to increase the price of oil. OPEC includes countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Venezuela. The United States is not a member of OPEC.
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2021ht his is a subjective question, hence you have to write your answer in the Text-Field given below. 7.6693 A sampling plan is desired to have a producer's risk of 0.05 at AQL = 0.5% and a consumer's risk of 0.10 at LQL = 10% nonconforming. Find he single sampling plan that meets the consumer's stipulation and comes as close as possible to meeting the producer's stipulation. [6]
The single sampling plan that meets the consumer's stipulation and comes as close as possible to meeting the producer's stipulation is N=26, c=3, and n=26.
A subjective question is one in which the answer is based on personal opinion or interpretation rather than on factual evidence or data. A producer's risk is the probability of a producer accepting a bad lot while a consumer's risk is the probability of a consumer rejecting a good lot.The sampling plan is desired to have a producer's risk of 0.05 at AQL=0.5% and a consumer's risk of 0.10 at LQL=10% nonconforming. The single sampling plan that meets the consumer's stipulation and comes as close as possible to meeting the producer's stipulation is illustrated below:N=26, c=3, and n=26. Answer: The single sampling plan that meets the consumer's stipulation and comes as close as possible to meeting the producer's stipulation is N=26, c=3, and n=26.
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