False.
Under common law, a conditional acceptance is generally considered a counteroffer and not an acceptance. A counteroffer rejects the original offer and introduces new terms or conditions. If the party who made the original offer does not accept the counteroffer, there is no contract formed. In such a case, the terms of the conditional acceptance are not bound to the parties, and there is no express contract.
For an express contract to be formed, there must be a clear and unambiguous acceptance of the original offer without any additional or contradictory terms. Conditional acceptance, which introduces new or modified terms, creates a new offer and requires acceptance by the other party to form a contract.
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businessfinancefinance questions and answersthrough a firm's bonds have a maturity of 10 years with a $1,000 face value, have an 11% semiannual coupon, are callable in 5 years at $1,175.83, and currently sell at a price of $1,314.76. what are their nominal yield to maturity and their nominal yield to call? do not round intermediate calculations. round your answers to two decimal places. ytm: % ytc:
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Question: Through A Firm's Bonds Have A Maturity Of 10 Years With A $1,000 Face Value, Have An 11% Semiannual Coupon, Are Callable In 5 Years At $1,175.83, And Currently Sell At A Price Of $1,314.76. What Are Their Nominal Yield To Maturity And Their Nominal Yield To Call? Do Not Round Intermediate Calculations. Round Your Answers To Two Decimal Places. YTM: % YTC:
Through A firm's bonds have a maturity of 10 years with a $1,000 face value, have an 11% semiannual coupon, are callable in 5 years at $1,175.83, and currently sell at a price of $1,314.76. What are their nominal yield to maturity and their nominal yield to call? Do not round intermediate calculations.
Round your answers to two decimal places. YTM: % YTC: %
What return should investors expect to earn on these bonds? Investors would expect the bonds to be called and to earn the YTC because the YTC is greater than the YTM. Investors would not expect the bonds to be called and to earn the YTM because the YTM is greater than the YTC. Investors would not expect the bonds to be called and to earn the YTM because the YTM is less than the YTC. Investors would expect the bonds to be called and to earn the YTC because the YTC is less than the YTM. -Select-
Nominal Yield to Maturity= 5.26% and Nominal Yield to Call= 2.81% . Given:
Face value= $1000
Coupon rate=11%
Semiannual coupon
Callable in=5 years
Callable price= $1175.83
Price= $1314.76
To determine:
Nominal Yield to Maturity (YTM) and Nominal Yield to Call (YTC)
Nominal Yield to Maturity:
Nominal Yield to Maturity is the internal rate of return on a bond, assuming that the investor holds the bond until maturity and is paid all interest and principal due. Therefore, in order to calculate the nominal yield to maturity, we have to find the internal rate of return which equates the present value of the bond to the price of the bond.
PV = C/(1+i)^1 + C/(1+i)^2 +.... C/(1+i)^n + F/(1+i)^n
Where
PV = price of bond
C = coupon payment
F = Face value
i = nominal yield to maturity
n = number of years to maturity
Substituting the values in the formula, we get:
$1314.76 = 55/(1+i)^1 + 55/(1+i)^2 + ....+ 55/(1+i)^20 + 1000/(1+i)^20
Since there are 20 semiannual periods, n=20 and C=$55.
Finding the solution to the above equation requires a financial calculator or a spreadsheet program. We get i=5.26%
Nominal Yield to Maturity=5.26%
Nominal Yield to Call:
Nominal Yield to Call is the rate of return that an investor earns if a bond is held until it is called by the issuer. It is the internal rate of return that equates the present value of the bond with the price of the bond when the bond is called.
PV = C/(1+i)^1 + C/(1+i)^2 +.... C/(1+i)^k + F/(1+i)^k
Where
PV = price of bond
C = coupon payment
F = Face value
i = nominal yield to call
k = number of periods to call
Substituting the values in the formula, we get:
$1314.76 = 55/(1+i)^1 + 55/(1+i)^2 +.... + 55/(1+i)^10 + 1175.83/(1+i)^10
Since the bond is callable in 5 years or 10 semiannual periods, k=10 and C=$55.
Finding the solution to the above equation requires a financial calculator or a spreadsheet program. We get i=2.81%
Nominal Yield to Call=2.81%
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QUESTION 1 Which of the following statements about cost of capital is not correct? A firm's cost of capital indicates how the market views the risk of the firm's assets. A firm must earn at least the required return to compensate investors for the financing they have provided. The required return is the same as the appropriate discount rate. The cost to a firm for issuing bonds is equal to the return to the bondholders if we consider the flotation costs of issuing the bonds.
The cost to a firm for issuing bonds is higher than just the return to the bondholders.
The statement that is not correct about cost of capital is: "The cost to a firm for issuing bonds is equal to the return to the bondholders if we consider the flotation costs of issuing the bonds."
This statement is incorrect because the cost to a firm for issuing bonds includes not only the return to the bondholders but also the flotation costs associated with issuing the bonds.
Flotation costs include fees and expenses incurred by the firm when issuing bonds, such as underwriting fees and legal expenses.
Therefore, the cost to a firm for issuing bonds is higher than just the return to the bondholders.
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The statement that is not correct about the cost of capital is: "The cost to a firm for issuing bonds is equal to the return to the bondholders if we consider the flotation costs of issuing the bonds." The required return is the same as the appropriate discount rate is correct. Thus option C is correct.
The cost of capital refers to the cost a firm incurs to finance its operations and investments. It is the return required by investors to compensate for the risk associated with investing in the firm. Here's a step-by-step breakdown:
1. A firm's cost of capital reflects how the market perceives the risk of the firm's assets. It is an indication of the expected return that investors demand for investing in the firm.
2. A firm must earn at least the required return to compensate investors for the financing they have provided. This required return is also known as the appropriate discount rate. It represents the minimum rate of return that the firm needs to generate to satisfy its investors.
3. The statement that is not correct is about the cost of issuing bonds. When a firm issues bonds, it incurs certain costs, such as underwriting and legal fees, known as flotation costs. These costs are not equal to the return to bondholders. The return to bondholders is determined by the coupon rate and the principal amount they receive at maturity.
In summary, the cost of issuing bonds includes additional costs beyond the return received by bondholders. These costs should be considered when evaluating the overall cost of capital for a firm.
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Complete Question:
Zinhle Jiyane, a successful business women, owned a residential located in Gonubie, East London. In May 2020, She decided to relocate to Johannesburg for work. Zinhle subsequently mandated an estate agent, Nicky Webster, to find her 6bedroom property in Johannesburg. Nicky introduced Zinhle to a property located in Sandhurst (Property A). Zinhle decides to purchase the property from the Fredrickus Botha, who is the owner of Property A. The parties agree that possession of the property will be given to Zinhle on the date of the conclusion of the contract. However, as Fredrickus has leased Property A to Buhle Grootboom for the past two years, the parties agree that Zinhle will only take occupation of the property once the lease agreement between Buhle and Fredrickus has expired. Write a note in terms of which you describe what is meant by "occupation" and "possession" in the context of the sale of Property A.
"Occupation" refers to the physical use or enjoyment of the property, while "possession" refers to the legal control or ownership of the property. Zinhle will only be able to physically occupy the property once the lease agreement between Buhle and Fredrickus expires, but she will have legal possession of the property from the date of the contract's conclusion.
In the context of the sale of Property A, "occupation" refers to the physical use and enjoyment of the property by the buyer, Zinhle Jiyane, once the lease agreement between Fredrickus Botha (the owner) and Buhle Grootboom has expired. This means that Zinhle will be able to move into and reside in the property.
On the other hand, "possession" refers to the legal ownership and control of the property. In this case, possession of Property A will be transferred to Zinhle on the date of the conclusion of the contract. However, she will only be able to physically occupy the property once the lease agreement between Fredrickus and Buhle has ended. Until then, Buhle will continue to have possession of the property as the tenant.
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case study : Nightmare on Training Street
The case study "Nightmare on Training Street" describes the experience of a new employee, Joe, at a large retail company.
Joe is excited to start his new job, but he is quickly disappointed by the training he receives. The trainer, Pat, is condescending and dismissive of Joe's questions. He does not provide any real training on the company's products or services, and he seems more interested in criticizing Joe than in helping him learn.
As a result of the poor training, Joe feels unprepared and anxious on his first day of work. He is unable to customer questions, and he feels like he is letting the company down. He is also frustrated by Pat's attitude, and he feels like he is being treated unfairly.
The case study raises several important questions about the importance of training and the role of trainers. It also highlights the importance of creating a positive and supportive learning environment.
Here are some of the key takeaways from the case study:
* Training is essential for new employees. It helps them to learn the company's products and services, and it helps them to develop the skills they need to be successful.
* Trainers should be knowledgeable and experienced. They should be able to questions and provide clear and concise instruction.
* Trainers should be positive and supportive. They should create a learning environment where employees feel comfortable asking questions and making mistakes.
If you are responsible for training new employees, it is important to keep these key takeaways in mind. By providing high-quality training, you can help your employees to be successful and to contribute to the success of your company.
In addition to the above, here are some specific things that could have been done to improve Joe's training experience:
* Pat could have taken the time to get to know Joe and his background. This would have helped him to understand Joe's strengths and weaknesses, and it would have allowed him to tailor the training to Joe's individual needs.
* Pat could have created a more positive and supportive learning environment. He could have done this by being encouraging and by providing positive reinforcement. He should have avoided criticizing Joe, even if he made mistakes.
By taking these steps, Pat could have made Joe's training experience much more positive and productive.
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Terminal Grain Corporation brought an action against Glen Freeman, a farmer, to recover damages for breach of an oral contract to deliver grain. According to Termin Grain, Freeman orally agreed to two sales of wheat to Terminal Grain of four thousand bushels each at $6.21 a bushel and $6.41 a bushel, respectively. Dwayne Maher, merchandising manager of Terminal Grain, sent two written confirmations of the agreements to Freeman. Freeman never made any written objections to the confirmations. After the first trans- action had occurred, the price of wheat rose to between $6.75 and $6.80 per bushel, and Freeman refused to deliver the remaining four thousand bushels at the agreed-upon price. Freeman denies entering into any agreement to sell the sec- ond four thousand bushels of wheat to Terminal Grain but admits that he received the two written confirmations sent by Maher. a. What arguments support considering Freeman to be a merchant who is bound by the written confirmations? b. What arguments support considering Freeman not to be a merchant seller and thus not bound by the written confirmations? c. What is the appropriate decision?
Arguments supporting Freeman to be a merchant who is bound by written confirmations According to the Uniform Commercial Code, UCC, a contract may be formed by an exchange of documents, including letters, faxes, or confirmations, between the parties involved in the transaction.
The document sent by the buyer, which contains a written confirmation of the terms agreed on during negotiations, must be recognized by the seller, in this case, Freeman, for him to be bound by them. Freeman didn't object in writing to the confirmations sent by Maher, which is an implied acceptance of the terms of the sale.
Furthermore, Freeman is a farmer who sells agricultural produce and is, therefore, a "merchant" under the UCC's provisions. The merchant is bound to all written agreements, including confirmations. Therefore, Freeman is a merchant who is bound by the written confirmations.b. Arguments supporting Freeman not to be a merchant seller and thus not bound by the written confirmations Freeman didn't participate in negotiations or agree to the terms of the sale. He refused to deliver the remaining 4,000 bushels at the agreed-upon price. He also contends that he didn't enter into any agreement to sell the second 4,000 bushels of wheat to Terminal Grain.
Freeman denies the existence of a contract, which makes it unclear if he's a merchant bound by the written agreement.c. Appropriate decisionIn conclusion, Freeman is a merchant and is bound by the written agreement because he didn't object in writing to the confirmations sent by Maher. Even though he refused to deliver the remaining 4,000 bushels, he's still liable for the breach of contract. Therefore, Terminal Grain is entitled to damages.
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Which of the following sections or points is usually found on the guest registration card:
a. all of the above are usually found on a guest registration card
b. date of departure
Oc name and Address
d. disclaimer of Innkeeper Liability
e. discounts or Corporate Affiliations
A. "All of the above are usually found on a guest registration card." These sections serve as essential information for hotel management and legal purposes.
The date of departure is important to determine the length of the guest's stay and for record-keeping purposes. The name and address section is crucial for identifying the guest and establishing contact information. It allows the hotel to communicate with the guest during their stay and for future correspondence.
The disclaimer of innkeeper liability is included to inform guests about the hotel's limitations of liability for any loss, damage, or theft of personal belongings during their stay. It helps protect the hotel from legal claims.
Lastly, the section regarding discounts or corporate affiliations allows guests to indicate if they are eligible for any special rates or have any affiliations with corporate programs, which can affect their billing and reservation process.
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On February 1, Job 12 had a beginning balance of $200. During February, direct materials of $500 and direct labour of $200 were added to the job. Overhead is applied to production at a rate of 55% of direct labour cost. There are 5 units in Job 12. What is the unit cost? $202 $1,010 $162 $810
The unit cost for Job 12 is $162, calculated by adding the direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs, and dividing it by the number of units.
The unit cost for Job 12, we need to determine the total cost and divide it by the number of units.
- Direct materials cost: $500
- Direct labour cost: $200
- Overhead applied at a rate of 55% of direct labour cost
- Number of units: 5
First, we calculate the overhead cost:
Overhead = 55% of direct labour cost = 55% * $200 = $110
Next, we calculate the total cost:
Total cost = Direct materials cost + Direct labour cost + Overhead cost
Total cost = $500 + $200 + $110 = $810
Finally, we calculate the unit cost:
Unit cost = Total cost / Number of units
Unit cost = $810 / 5 = $162
Therefore, the unit cost for Job 12 is $162.
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Suppose you are looking to invest in a $1,000 par value semi-annual bond, with an annual coupon rate of 9%, but pays interest semi-annually. If the bond has 14 year left to maturity and if the bond is quoted at 96, what is the yield-to-maturity of the bond? (Round your answer to 2 decimal point)
The yield-to-maturity of the bond is 48.93% (rounded to 2 decimal places).
The formula for calculating yield to maturity of a bond can be expressed as follows:`
Yield to maturity = (C + ((FV - PV) / n)) / ((FV + PV) / 2)
`Where,
C = Annual coupon payment
FV = Face value
PV = Bond price
N = Number of years to maturity of the bond`
PV = C / (1 + r/2)^2 + C / (1 + r/2)^3 + ... + C / (1 + r/2)^(2n) + F / (1 + r/2)^(2n)
`Where,
r = Yield to maturity of the bond
F = Face value of the bond
Semi-annual coupon rate = 9%
Therefore, the semi-annual coupon payment
= 9% * $1,000 / 2
= $45
Number of semi-annual periods remaining to maturity
= 14 * 2
= 28 years
Face value of bond = $1,000
Price of bond = 96% of face value
= 0.96 * $1,000
= $960
Substituting the values in the above equations, we get;`
Yield to maturity
= (C + ((FV - PV) / n)) / ((FV + PV) / 2)``= (45 + ((1000 - 960) / 28)) / ((1000 + 960) / 2)
= 48.93`
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The theory of planned action expands upon the behavioral intentions model by including a SUBJECTIVE NORM component.
The theory of planned action is an expansion of the behavioral intentions model that incorporates a subjective norm component. This addition recognizes the influence of social norms and the perceived expectations of others on an individual's behavioral intentions and subsequent actions.
The behavioral intentions model posits that an individual's intentions to engage in a particular behavior are the primary determinants of their actual behavior.
It suggests that behavioral intentions are influenced by two key factors: attitudes toward the behavior and subjective norms. Attitudes reflect an individual's personal evaluation of the behavior, while subjective norms capture the perceived social pressure or expectations to perform or not perform the behavior.
The theory of planned action builds upon this model by introducing an additional component known as subjective norm.
Subjective norm refers to an individual's perception of social norms and the influence of significant others on their behavioral intentions. It takes into account the beliefs about what important others think they should do, as well as the motivation to comply with those expectations.
By incorporating subjective norm, the theory of planned action recognizes that social factors play a crucial role in shaping an individual's intentions and subsequent behavior.
It acknowledges that people are not solely influenced by their personal attitudes but also consider the perceived norms and expectations of others.
This expanded model provides a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence human behavior and helps explain why individuals may deviate from their initial intentions based on social pressures or the desire to conform to societal norms.
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please answer all three questions
1.
What is a barter
system? What
are the problems of the barter system? Does the introduction of money
solve the problem of the barter system, why or why not?
2
1) What is adverse selection? Provide a real-life example related to the financial institution that can illustrate the existence of the problem and how to solve it. What is moral hazard? Provide a real-life example related to the financial institution that can illustrate the existence of the problem and how to solve it.
3.
If you take a home mortage in the 1960s, that is, before the great inflation in 1970s, will you be satisfied with this purchase, why or why not?
1. Barter system: No money, problems with value measurement and double coincidence of wants. Money solves these issues. 2. Adverse selection: Information asymmetry exploited. Example: high-risk borrowers. Moral hazard: Reckless behavior with protection. Example: banks and bailouts. 3. Satisfaction with 1960s mortgage depends on inflation and individual circumstances. Inflation benefits borrowers. Personal factors also influence satisfaction.
1. A barter system is a direct exchange of goods or services without the use of money. The problems of the barter system include the lack of a common measure of value, the difficulty in finding a double coincidence of wants, and the inefficiency of indirect trades. The introduction of money solves these problems by providing a widely accepted medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value.
2. Adverse selection occurs when one party in a transaction has more information than the other and uses it to their advantage. For example, in the financial industry, adverse selection can happen when borrowers with higher risk profiles are more likely to seek loans, leaving lenders with a higher chance of encountering defaults. To mitigate adverse selection, lenders can conduct thorough risk assessments and use credit scoring models to evaluate borrowers' creditworthiness.
Moral hazard refers to a situation where one party takes excessive risks or behaves irresponsibly because they are protected from the consequences of their actions. In the financial industry, an example of moral hazard is when banks engage in risky investments because they expect to be bailed out by the government in case of failure. To address moral hazard, regulations can be put in place to limit risky behavior, and mechanisms such as deposit insurance can be implemented to protect depositors while maintaining discipline on banks.
3. Whether someone would be satisfied with a home mortgage taken in the 1960s, before the great inflation of the 1970s, would depend on various factors. Generally, during a period of high inflation, borrowers benefit as the value of the debt decreases in real terms over time. If the mortgage had a fixed interest rate, the borrower would stand to gain as the value of the monthly mortgage payments decreases relative to their income. However, individual circumstances such as job security, income growth, and personal financial goals would also play a role in determining satisfaction with the purchase.
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Consider a 10-year loan of 1,000 with inflation protection. The loan agreement specifies a continuously compounded interest rate of 4%, and that the repayment amount will be adjusted by a factor equal to the value of a particular price index on the repayment date, divided by the value of that index on the date of the loan. Suppose that the value of the price index specified in the agreement is 201.9 on the date of the loan and 241.8 at the end of the loan's 10-year term.
What is the repayment amount the lender receives? What was the real rate of return for this loan, and what was the nominal rate of return?
(Express your answers as continuously compounded rates.)
Given: A 10-year loan of 1,000 with inflation protection. The loan agreement specifies a continuously compounded interest rate of 4%, and that the repayment amount will be adjusted by a factor equal to the value of a particular price index on the repayment date, divided by the value of that index on the date of the loan.
The value of the price index specified in the agreement is 201.9 on the date of the loan and 241.8 at the end of the loan's 10-year term.The lender receives 1,000 × 241.8 / 201.9 = 1184.08 nominal repayment amount.The nominal rate of return is given as follows:r nominal = ln (Repayment amount / Loan amount) / nWhere, ln = natural logarithm, n = number of periods.r nominal = ln (1,184.08 / 1,000) / 10r nominal = 3.69%The real rate of return is given as follows:r real = (1 + r nominal) / (1 + i) - 1Where, i = inflation r real = (1 + 3.69%) / (1 + 2.22%) - 1r real = 1.45%Therefore, the nominal rate of return is 3.69% and the real rate of return is 1.45%.
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About the model of loanable funds market, a) We learned that a model is a simplied representation of the world (i.e., of the economy, if it is an economic model). Which part of the economy is represented by the model of loanable funds market? Mention two simplifications assumed in the model. b) Where does the supply of loanable funds come from? Where does the demand for loanable funds come from? c) Why does the supply of loanable funds increase when interest rate rises? Why does the demand for loanable funds decrease when interest rate rises? d) Suppose the supply of loanable funds is given by LF D
=500r, and the demand for loanable funds is given by LF S
=40−500r. What are the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of loanable funds in the market? Label the equilibrium point clearly in a supply-demand graph. e) Now suppose the government decides to increase the tax rate on interest income. How will this policy affect the demand and supply curves in the market for loanable funds? What's the impact of this policy on equilibrium interest rate and quantity of loanable funds? Depict your answers clearly in a supply-demand graph.
The main answer is (e) If the government increases the tax rate on interest income, it will affect both the demand and supply curves in the market for loanable funds. Specifically:
a) The model of the loanable funds market represents the financial market within the economy. It simplifies the interactions between borrowers and lenders in the market for funds, specifically focusing on the supply and demand for loanable funds.
Two simplifications assumed in the model of the loanable funds market are:
1. The model assumes a single interest rate that applies to all loans and borrowing activities, disregarding the variations in interest rates for different types of loans or borrowers.
2. The model assumes perfect information, implying that all participants in the loanable funds market have complete knowledge of available investment opportunities, risks, and returns.
b) The supply of loanable funds comes from households, individuals, and businesses that have excess savings and are willing to lend their funds. They provide these funds to borrowers in the market.
The demand for loanable funds comes from households, individuals, and businesses that seek funds to finance investments, such as purchasing new equipment, expanding their businesses, or buying homes.
c) The supply of loanable funds increases when the interest rate rises because higher interest rates incentivize savers and lenders to supply more funds. A higher interest rate means they can earn more return on their savings or investments, thus increasing their willingness to lend.
On the other hand, the demand for loanable funds decreases when the interest rate rises because higher interest rates make borrowing more expensive. Businesses and individuals may reduce their borrowing activities as the cost of borrowing increases, leading to a decrease in the demand for loanable funds.
d) Given the supply of loanable funds (LF_S = 40 - 500r) and the demand for loanable funds (LF_D = 500r), we can find the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of loanable funds in the market by setting supply equal to demand:
40 - 500r = 500r
Simplifying the equation, we have:
40 = 1000r
Solving for r, we find:
r = 0.04
Therefore, the equilibrium interest rate is 4% and the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds can be found by substituting the interest rate into either the supply or demand equation:
LF_S = 40 - 500(0.04) = 20
Thus, the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds is 20.
e) If the government increases the tax rate on interest income, it will affect both the demand and supply curves in the market for loanable funds. Specifically:
- The increase in the tax rate on interest income will decrease the return on lending for savers and lenders, reducing the incentive to supply loanable funds. This will shift the supply curve to the left, indicating a decrease in the supply of loanable funds.
- The increase in the tax rate may also affect the demand for loanable funds. If borrowers face higher borrowing costs due to the tax increase, they may reduce their borrowing activities, leading to a decrease in the demand for loanable funds.
The impact of this policy on the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of loanable funds will depend on the magnitude of the shifts in the supply and demand curves. However, in general, we can expect the equilibrium interest rate to increase and the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds to decrease due to the decrease in supply and potential decrease in demand.
In a supply-demand graph, the equilibrium point before the tax increase would be where the original supply and demand curves intersect. After the tax increase, the supply curve would shift to the left, and the new equilibrium point would be at the intersection of the new supply curve and the unchanged demand curve, reflecting the changes in the market.
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Let's say that you are currently the head of a U.S. household that earns an income of $200,000 per year. This means that your household is in the highest income quintile (highest 20%) of all households in the United States. Statistically, according to our text, which of the following is true about your household?
Group of answer choices
Your household has a 10% chance of remaining in the highest quintile in ten years.
Your household has a greater than 90% chance of being in one of the lower quintiles within 10 years.
Your household has a 90% chance of having earned more than $250,000 in net wealth by the age of 65.
Your household income has a 100% chance of doubling in ten years.
Your quintile's total income earned (before taxes) is more than half of all income earned in the United States
According to the information provided, the most accurate statement about your household is:Your quintile's total income earned (before taxes) is more than half of all income earned in the United States.
According to the information provided, if your household earns an income of $200,000 per year and is in the highest income quintile (highest 20%) of all households in the United States, it is statistically true that your quintile's total income earned (before taxes) is more than half of all income earned in the United States. The highest income quintile represents the top 20% of households, and by being in this quintile, your household contributes to a significant portion of the total income earned in the country. However, the other statements regarding the chances of remaining in the highest quintile, moving to lower quintiles, net wealth, and income doubling in ten years are not provided in the given information and cannot be determined solely based on the household's current income and quintile.
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Let's say that the interest rate on a 2-year Treasury bond is 4%. The interest rate on a 1-year Treasury bond is 3%, and the expected interest rate on a 1-year Treasury bond next year is 3.5%. What is the term premium?
The term premium would be 0.5%.
The term premium is the difference between the interest rate on a longer-term bond and the expected interest rate on a shorter-term bond in the future.
In this case, the term premium can be calculated by subtracting the expected interest rate on a 1-year Treasury bond next year (3.5%) from the interest rate on a 2-year Treasury bond (4%).
Therefore, the term premium would be 0.5%.
The premium is the sum that the insured pays on a regular basis to the insurer to cover his risk.
The risk is transferred from the insured to the insurer under an insurance arrangement. The insurer levies a fee known as the premium in exchange for taking on this risk. The premium depends on a variety of factors, including age, work type, medical issues, etc. The task of determining the proper premium for an insured is given to the actuaries. The frequency of premium payments may vary. It can be paid in a single premium or on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual, or annual basis.
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ASSIGNMENT FIVE
Give an example of a company buying process. Explain the steps in
their right order.
channel.
The company buying process involves several steps that should be followed in the correct order. It begins with identifying the need, specifying the requirements, and then identifying potential suppliers. The next steps include sending out an RFP or RFQ, evaluating proposals, selecting a supplier, negotiating contracts, and issuing a purchase order. Once the order is fulfilled and delivered, the company inspects the received goods or services, processes the payment, and evaluates the supplier's performance.
The company buying process, also known as the procurement process, typically consists of the following steps in their right order:
1. Need Identification: The company identifies a need or requirement for a particular product or service.
2. Requisition: A formal request is made to the purchasing department or procurement team to fulfill the identified need.
3. Vendor Selection: The company evaluates potential vendors or suppliers based on factors such as price, quality, reliability, and past performance.
4. Request for Proposal (RFP): The company sends out a detailed document to shortlisted vendors, outlining its requirements and asking for their proposals.
5. Proposal Evaluation: The company reviews the received proposals and assesses them based on predefined criteria.
6. Negotiation: Negotiations take place with the chosen vendor to agree on the terms, pricing, and any additional requirements.
7. Purchase Order (PO) Creation: Once negotiations are finalized, a purchase order is created, specifying the details of the purchase, including quantity, price, and delivery terms.
8. Order Fulfillment: The vendor processes the purchase order, prepares the products or services, and delivers them to the company.
9. Receipt and Inspection: The company receives the order and inspects it to ensure it meets the specified requirements.
10. Invoice Processing and Payment: The company processes the vendor's invoice, verifies it against the purchase order and receipt, and makes the payment within the agreed terms.
11. Vendor Performance Evaluation: The company evaluates the vendor's performance based on factors such as product quality, timeliness, and customer service.
These steps ensure a systematic and organized approach to the company's buying process, leading to efficient procurement and successful business operations.
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Epson has one bond outstanding with a yield to maturity of 5% and a coupon rate of 8%. The company has no preferred stock. Epson's beta is 1.1, the risk-free rate is 2.3% and the expected market risk premium is 6%.
Epson has a target debt/equity ratio of 0.8 and a marginal tax rate of 34%.
Part 1
What is Epson's (pre-tax) cost of debt?
Part 2
What is Epson's cost of equity?
Attempt 1/1
Part 3
What is Epson's capital structure weight for equity, i.e., the fraction of long-term capital provided by equity?
Attempt 1/1
Part 4
What is Epson's weighted average cost of capital?
Epson's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is approximately 51.55%.
Part 1: Epson's (pre-tax) cost of debt
The cost of debt is the yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond. In this case, the yield to maturity is given as 5%. Since the yield to maturity represents the pre-tax cost of debt, we can directly use it as Epson's pre-tax cost of debt.
Therefore, Epson's (pre-tax) cost of debt is 5%.
Part 2: Epson's cost of equity
To calculate the cost of equity, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The CAPM formula is as follows:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
Given the information provided:
Risk-Free Rate = 2.3%
Beta = 1.1
Market Risk Premium = 6%
Using these values, we can calculate Epson's cost of equity as follows:
Cost of Equity = 2.3% + 1.1 * 6%
= 2.3% + 6.6%
= 8.9%
Therefore, Epson's cost of equity is 8.9%.
Part 3: Epson's capital structure weight for equity
The capital structure weight for equity represents the fraction of long-term capital provided by equity. To calculate this, we need to know the target debt/equity ratio.
Given that Epson has a target debt/equity ratio of 0.8, we can calculate the capital structure weight for equity as follows:
Capital Structure Weight for Equity = 1 / (1 + Debt/Equity)
Debt/Equity = 0.8
Capital Structure Weight for Equity = 1 / (1 + 0.8)
= 1 / 1.8
= 0.5556 (approximately)
Therefore, Epson's capital structure weight for equity is approximately 0.5556 or 55.56%.
Part 4: Epson's weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the average rate of return required by all of Epson's capital providers. It is calculated by weighting the cost of debt and cost of equity by their respective capital structure weights.
WACC = (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity)
Weight of Debt = 1 - Weight of Equity
Weight of Equity = Capital Structure Weight for Equity
Using the given information, we can calculate Epson's WACC as follows:
Weight of Debt = 1 - 0.5556
= 0.4444 (approximately)
WACC = (0.4444 * 5%) + (0.5556 * 8.9%)
= 0.0222 + 0.4933
= 0.5155 (approximately)
Therefore, Epson's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is approximately 51.55%.
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You invested $8,400 in an asset with an expected return of 10% and $21,000 in another asset with an expected return of 5%. What is the expected return of the two-asset portfolio? O 6.43% 6.62% O 5.92% O 7.16% O 5.85%
The expected return of the two-asset portfolio is 6.43%.To calculate the expected return of a two-asset portfolio, the following formula is used:
The expected return of the portfolio = (weight of asset A × expected return of asset A) + (weight of asset B × expected return of asset B)
Here, the weight of asset A = $8,400 / ($8,400 + $21,000) = 0.2857 (rounded to 4 decimal places)
The weight of asset B = $21,000 / ($8,400 + $21,000) = 0.7143 (rounded to 4 decimal places)
The expected return of the two-asset portfolio = (0.2857 × 10%) + (0.7143 × 5%)
= 0.02857 + 0.03571
= 0.06428
= 6.43% (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the expected return of the two-asset portfolio is 6.43%.
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At the end of the current year, using the aging of accounts receivable method, management estimated that $29,250 of the accounts receivable balance would be uncollectible. Prior to any year-end adjustments, the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a debit balance of $825. What adjusting entry should the company make at the end of the current year to record its estimated bad debts expense?
The adjusting entry at the end of the current year to record the estimated bad debts expense would be:
Debit: Bad Debts Expense $28,425
Credit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $28,425
The adjusting entry is made to reflect the estimated uncollectible accounts receivable as bad debts expense and to adjust the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts accordingly. The estimated bad debts expense is calculated by subtracting the existing debit balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ($825) from the estimated uncollectible accounts receivable ($29,250). The resulting amount, $28,425, represents the additional bad debts expense that needs to be recognized.
By debiting the Bad Debts Expense account, the company recognizes the expense associated with uncollectible accounts. By crediting the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, the company increases the allowance to cover the estimated uncollectible accounts receivable. This adjustment ensures that the financial statements reflect a more accurate representation of the company's accounts receivable and recognizes the potential loss from uncollectible accounts.
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Many governments have increased their spending on police and armed forces but there is an opportunity cost of this policy A. Explain the term opportunity cost and discuss why an increase in spending on police and armed forces may result in an opportunity cost b. Explain the law of variable proportion C. explain the term integration and write briefly on Horizontal, vertical and lateral integration.
a. The term "opportunity cost" refers to the potential benefits or opportunities that are foregone when choosing one option over another.
b. The law of variable proportion is an economic principle that states that as one input factor is increased while others are held constant, the output will initially increase at an increasing rate, reach a maximum point, and then begin to decline.
c. Integration refers to the process of combining different entities or parts into a unified whole.
a. In the context of increased spending on police and armed forces, the opportunity cost arises from the resources (financial, human, and material) that could have been allocated to alternative areas such as education, healthcare, infrastructure development, or social welfare programs.
By allocating more resources to the police and armed forces, governments may have to divert funds from other sectors, potentially leading to a reduction in public services or investments that could have yielded different social and economic benefits.
b. This law emphasizes the concept of diminishing marginal returns, where the additional output gained from increasing a specific input eventually diminishes.
c. In business, it can take various forms:
Horizontal integration involves merging or acquiring companies that operate at the same level of the supply chain or within the same industry. This integration strategy aims to increase market share, reduce competition, and gain economies of scale.
Vertical integration involves combining companies that operate at different stages of the supply chain. This integration can occur either backward (towards suppliers) or forward (towards customers). Vertical integration aims to enhance control over the supply chain, improve efficiency, and capture more profits.
Lateral integration refers to the combination of companies that are related but do not operate within the same industry or supply chain. This form of integration often occurs to diversify a company's portfolio, expand into new markets, or leverage synergies between different businesses.
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Your parents sold your childhood home this year (you live in the U.S.). This is counted in U.S. GDP. false O true
True. The sale of your childhood home this year in the U.S. is counted in the country's GDP (Gross Domestic Product). GDP is a measure of the total value of all final goods and services produced within an economy over a specific time period. The sale of a residential property is considered a transaction in the housing market, which is an important sector of the economy.
When your parents sold the home, it involved a financial transaction that contributes to economic activity. The value of the sale, representing the price at which the home was sold, is included in the calculation of GDP. It reflects the market value of the property exchanged and contributes to the overall GDP figure.
By including the sale of residential properties, GDP captures the economic value generated in the housing sector. This allows policymakers and economists to assess the performance and growth of the economy as a whole, including the housing market.
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If the price of lamb goes up by 20% and the demand goes down by 5%. The price elasticity of demand isWhen supply is more inelastic than demand.
Always
When demand is more inelastic than supply.
When demand is more inelastic than supply, it implies that the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, indicating a relatively inelastic demand for lamb in response to price changes.
The price elasticity of demand refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. In this scenario, if the price of lamb increases by 20% and the demand for lamb decreases by 5%, we can determine the price elasticity of demand.
If the percentage change in quantity demanded is smaller than the percentage change in price, it indicates that demand is relatively inelastic. In this case, a 5% decrease in demand compared to a 20% increase in price suggests that demand is less responsive to changes in price.
Therefore, when demand is more inelastic than supply, it implies that the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, indicating a relatively inelastic demand for lamb in response to price changes.
Complete Question: When is the price elasticity of demand more likely to be always?
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Question 28 (1 point) Suppose the inverse supply curve in a market is Q = 9p2. If price decreases from 5 to 2, the change in producer surplus is Your Answer: -130.5 Answer Saved
The Glover Scholastic Aid Foundation has received a €20 million global government bond portfolio from a Greek donor. This bond portfolio will be held in euros and managed separately from Glover’s existing U. S. Dollar-denominated assets. Although the bond portfolio is currently unhedged, the portfolio manager, Raine Sofia, is investigating various alternatives to hedge the currency risk of the portfolio. The bond portfolio’s current allocation and the relevant country performance data are given in Exhibits 1 and 2. Historical correlations for the currencies being considered by Sofia are given in Exhibit 3. Sofia expects that future returns and correlations will be approximately equal to those given in Exhibits 2 and 3.
Exhibit 1. Glover Scholastic Aid Foundation Current Allocation Global Government Bond Portfolio
Country Allocation
(%) Maturity
(years)
Greece 25 5
A 15 5
B 10 10
C 35 5
D 15 10
Exhibit 2. Country Performance Data (in local currency)
Country Cash
Return 5-year Excess Bond Return (%) 10-year Excess Bond Return (%) Unhedged Currency Return (%) Liquidity of 90-day Currency Forward Contracts
Greece 2. 0 1. 5 2. 0 – Good
A 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 −4. 0 Good
B 4. 0 0. 5 1. 0 2. 0 Fair
C 3. 0 1. 0 2. 0 −2. 0 Fair
D 2. 6 1. 4 2. 4 −3. 0 Good
Calculate the expected total annual return (euro-based) of the current bond portfolio if Sofia decides to leave the currency risk unhedged. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places. )
: The expected total annual return of the current bond portfolio, if Sofia decides to leave the currency risk unhedged, is calculated by multiplying the allocation of each country by its respective excess bond return, and then summing up the results. The calculation would involve considering the allocation percentages and the excess bond return percentages for each country mentioned in the exhibit.
To calculate the expected total annual return, we need to multiply the allocation percentage of each country by its respective excess bond return percentage, and then sum up the results. For example, for Greece, the allocation is 25% and the excess bond return is 1.5% (as per Exhibit 2). So, the contribution of Greece to the total return would be 25% multiplied by 1.5%. Similarly, we need to perform this calculation for the other countries in the portfolio.
Once we have calculated the contribution from each country, we can sum up these contributions to obtain the expected total annual return of the bond portfolio. It is important to note that this calculation assumes no currency hedging, meaning the returns are based on the performance of the respective countries' bonds and their local currencies.
By performing these calculations, we can determine the expected total annual return of the bond portfolio in euros if the currency risk is left unhedged. This provides valuable information for the portfolio manager, Sofia, to assess the potential return of the portfolio and make informed decisions regarding hedging strategies and overall portfolio management.
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QUESTION 12
1. Using the following information and calculate the economic order quantity (100) A service garage uses 120,000 air filters a year. The cost to ploues phase onder with the vendor is $60. ht addition, the cans cost $10 per unit carrying cost is 4 percent of purchase cost per unit on an annual basis
1,000
31.000.000
2000
1250
Economic order quantity (EOQ) is a formula that is used to determine the ideal order quantity for a company. It takes into account the costs of ordering and storing inventory and balances them to find the optimal quantity to order at a time.
The formula for EOQ is: EOQ = sqrt((2DS) / H) where D is the annual demand, S is the ordering cost per order, and H is the holding cost per unit per year. To calculate the EOQ using the given information: Annual demand (D) = 120,000Ordering cost per order (S) = $60 Holding cost per unit per year (H) = 4% of $10 = $0.40 Plugging these values into the formula, we get: EOQ = sqrt((2 x 120,000 x $60) / $0.40)= sqrt(14,400,000)= 3,795.83Therefore, the economic order quantity is approximately 3,796 units.
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Please help answer these questions.
The large influx of shrimp imports into the United States from Asia and Latin America depressed wholesale prices by over 40 percent between 1997 and 2002. Despite such lower prices, shrimp entrées at some U. S. seafood restaurants rose by about 28 percent during the same period. Discuss why prices (e.g., shrimp prices at seafood restaurants) are not aligned with costs.
A seller agreed to deliver 300 tons of coffee to a buyer, FOB port of Montreal, Canada. The goods were transported and unloaded at the port and kept at a customs shed for inspection and payment of duties. The buyer was notified of the arrival of the merchandise and its location. Before the buyer picked up the goods, the customs shed (including the merchandise in it) was destroyed by fire. The buyer claims refund of the purchase price stating that she did not receive the goods. Is the seller responsible? With reference to the question, would the outcome be different if the contract had been DPU port of Montreal?
A seller in New York agreed to ship goods to a buyer in Lima, Peru under a CIF contract. The goods were loaded on the ship and the seller tendered the necessary documents to the buyer for payment (in New York). The buyer refused payment, claiming that it will only pay after inspection upon arrival of the goods at the port of destination. Is the seller entitled to payment before arrival of the goods?
In a CIF contract, the seller is typically responsible for delivering the goods to the port of destination and providing the necessary documents. Payment is usually made against the presented documents, regardless of the physical arrival or inspection of the goods at the port. Therefore, the seller is generally entitled to payment before the arrival of the goods, as long as the required documents are provided according to the contract terms.
In a CIF contract, the seller is generally entitled to payment before the arrival of the goods if the required documents are provided.
Prices at seafood restaurants may not align with costs due to factors such as market dynamics, pricing strategies, branding, customer perception, and operational expenses, which can influence the pricing decisions of individual businesses.
Regarding the destroyed customs shed, the responsibility of the seller depends on the terms of the contract, including the agreed-upon delivery point and the allocation of risk.
If the risk of loss or damage transfers to the buyer upon delivery at the customs shed, the seller may not be responsible for the loss. However, if the risk remains with the seller until the goods are received by the buyer, the seller may be held responsible for the loss.
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QUESTION 17
What kind of linkage do the factory methods created for lab 1 have?
Choose one • 1 point
1. Implicit
2. Explicit
3. Internal
4. External
QUESTION 18
New files that you create in a project are automatically staged in git, and will always be part of the next commit that you make into the repository.
Choose one • 1 point
1. True
2. False
For the first question:
The answer would depend on the specific context of the lab and the factory methods being referred to. The terms "Implicit," "Explicit," "Internal," and "External" are not directly related to the linkage of factory methods.
For the second question:
The correct answer is 2. False.
In regards to the first question, without specific information about the lab and the nature of the factory methods, it is difficult to determine the kind of linkage they possess. The terms "Implicit," "Explicit," "Internal," and "External" are broad and can have different meanings depending on the context. To provide a definitive answer, more details about the lab and the specific implementation of the factory methods would be required.
Regarding the second question, the statement is false. In Git, new files are not automatically staged for the next commit. It is necessary to explicitly use the "git add" command to stage the files before they can be included in a commit. This allows for selective control over which changes are included in each commit, promoting better version control and organization of the project's history.
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You recently received a letter from Cut-to-the-Chase National Bank that offers you a new credit card that has no annual fee. It states that the annual percentage rate (APR) is 20.8 percent on outstanding balances. What is the effective annual interest rate? (Hint: Remember these companies bill you monthly.) O 24.40% O 24.90% O 23.40% O 22.90% O 23.90% Elizabeth has $21,798.00 in an investment account. Her goal is to have the account grow to $92,969.00 in 13 years without having to make any additional contributions to the account. What effective annual rate of interest would she need to earn on the account in order to meet her goal? O 11.60% O 12.00% O 11.40% O 12.20% O 11.80%
Elizabeth would need to earn an effective annual rate of 11.60% on her investment account to reach her goal of $92,969 in 13 years without any additional contributions.
In the first scenario, the effective annual interest rate for the new credit card would be 24.9%. The annual percentage rate (APR) is 20.8%, which is the yearly rate charged for borrowing. However, most credit cards bill monthly, therefore the interest rate is divided by 12 to calculate the monthly rate. Effective annual interest rate =
[tex](1 + r/n)^n – 1[/tex], where r is the annual interest rate and n is the number of compounding periods per year. Substituting the given values, we get:
Effective annual interest rate = [tex](1 + 0.208/12)^12 – 1[/tex]
= [tex](1.017333)^12 – 1= 1.2807 – 1[/tex]
= 0.2807 or 28.07% Therefore, the effective annual interest rate on the credit card is 24.9%, which is the monthly interest rate (2.075%) compounded monthly for a year.
Compound interest formula:
[tex]A = P (1 + r/n)^(nt)[/tex], where A is the amount at the end of the investment period, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.Substituting the given values, we get:
[tex]92969 = 21798 (1 + r/1)^(1*13)92969/21798 = (1 + r)^13(4.261436)^(1/13) - 1 = r/100r[/tex]= 11.60%
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After looking at the projections of the HomeNet project, you decide that they are not realistic. It is unlikely that sales will be constant over the four-year life of the project. Furthermore, other companies are likely to offer competing products, so the assumption that the sales price will remain constant is also likely to be optimistic. Finally, as production ramps up, you anticipate lower per unit production costs resulting from economies of scale. Therefore, you decide to redo the projections under the following assumptions: Sales of 50,000 units in year 1 increasing by 52,000 units per year over the life of the project, a year 1 sales price of $ 260 /unit, decreasing by 11 % annually and a year 1 cost of $ 120 /unit decreasing by 21% annually. In addition, new tax laws allow you to depreciate the equipment, costing $ 7.5 million over three rather than five years using straight-line depreciation.
a. Keeping the underlying assumptions in Table 1 ( ) that research and development expenditures total $ 15 million in year 0 and selling, general, and administrative expenses are $ 2.8 million per year, recalculate unlevered net income. (That is, reproduce Table 1 under the new assumptions given above. Note that we are ignoring cannibalization and lost rent.)
b. Recalculate unlevered net income assuming, in addition, that each year 20 % of sales comes from customers who would have purchased an existing Cisco router for $ 100 /unit and that this router costs $ 60 /unit to manufacture.
The answers are:
1. Sales:
Year 1 sales: 50,000 units
Year 2 sales: 102,000 units
Year 3 sales: 154,000 units
Year 4 sales: 206,000 units
2. Sales Price:
Year 1 sales price: $260 per unit
Year 2 sales price: $231.40 per unit
Year 3 sales price: $205.84 per unit
Year 4 sales price: $182.99 per unit
3. Cost:
Year 1 cost: $120 per unit
Year 2 cost: $94.80 per unit
Year 3 cost: $74.95 per unit
Year 4 cost: $59.20 per unit
4. Depreciation: $2.5 million.
5. Research and development expenditures: $15 million in year 0.
6. Selling, general, and administrative expenses: $2.8 million per year.
a. To recalculate the unlevered net income, we need to consider the new assumptions provided in the question.
1. Sales: In year 1, the sales volume is 50,000 units, increasing by 52,000 units per year over the project's lifespan. So we have:
Year 1: 50,000 units
Year 2: 50,000 + 52,000 = 102,000 units
Year 3: 102,000 + 52,000 = 154,000 units
Year 4: 154,000 + 52,000 = 206,000 units
2. Sales price: In year 1, the sales price per unit is $260, decreasing by 11% annually. So we have:
Year 1: $260
Year 2: $260 - (11% of $260) = $231.40
Year 3: $231.40 - (11% of $231.40) = $205.73
Year 4: $205.73 - (11% of $205.73) = $182.94
3. Cost per unit: In year 1, the cost per unit is $120, decreasing by 21% annually. So we have:
Year 1: $120
Year 2: $120 - (21% of $120) = $94.80
Year 3: $94.80 - (21% of $94.80) = $74.93
Year 4: $74.93 - (21% of $74.93) = $59.09
4. Depreciation: The equipment cost is $7.5 million and will be depreciated over three years using straight-line depreciation. So the annual depreciation expense is $7.5 million divided by 3, which equals $2.5 million.
5. Research and development expenditures: They total $15 million in year 0.
6. Selling, general, and administrative expenses: They are $2.8 million per year.
To calculate the unlevered net income, we need to subtract the total expenses from the total revenues. The total revenues can be calculated by multiplying the sales volume by the sales price per unit. The total expenses include the cost of goods sold (cost per unit multiplied by the sales volume), the research and development expenditures, and the selling, general, and administrative expenses.
b. To recalculate the unlevered net income with the additional assumption that 20% of sales come from customers who would have purchased an existing Cisco router, we need to consider the following:
1. Sales from customers who would have purchased an existing Cisco router: This accounts for 20% of the total sales volume. Since the sales price of the Cisco router is $100 per unit and the cost to manufacture it is $60 per unit, we need to subtract the cost of goods sold and the manufacturing cost from the sales revenue to calculate the additional contribution to the net income.
Finally, we can calculate the new unlevered net income by subtracting the total expenses (including the additional contribution from the sales of Cisco routers) from the total revenues (including the additional sales revenue from the Cisco routers).
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What could be the consequence if you did not correctly follow your workplace's policies and procedures in the following areas? Provide one consequence for each."
Consequences of not following workplace policies and procedures:
1. Inefficiency and decreased productivity.
2. Increased risk of accidents, errors, and legal consequences.
3. and strained work relationships.
4. Non-compliance with industry regulations and potential financial penalties.
Not following workplace policies and procedures can lead to inefficiency and decreased productivity. When employees don't adhere to established guidelines, it can result in confusion, wasted time, and a lack of coordination within the organization.
Furthermore, disregarding policies and procedures increases the risk of accidents, errors, and legal consequences. These could range from workplace injuries due to safety lapses to violations of industry regulations, leading to penalties or lawsuits.
Another consequence is the potential damage to the company's reputation and strained work relationships. Failing to follow established protocols can create a negative perception among clients, partners, and colleagues, impacting trust and credibility.
Lastly, non-compliance with industry regulations can result in financial penalties. Depending on the nature of the violation and applicable laws, organizations may face fines, lawsuits, or even suspension of operations.
It is crucial for employees to understand and adhere to workplace policies and procedures to maintain a safe, efficient, and reputable work environment.
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ASSIGNMENT:
you will provide an ONTARIO case that address your Group topic. You will create a PPT and Video presentation presenting your case that you have researched.
The case that you research must be related to the topic that you chose. For example: if you chose the topic "Chapter 9 – Innkeepers" then you must research a case that is about Innkeepers in Ontario.
Here are the other questions that you must deal with in your Assignment presentation:
• research the Internet for a current or previous case.
• Summarize the case
• Define how it is characterized within tort theory or contract theory or any other that is applicable, and
• State why you either agree or disagree with the outcome (or describe what you think that outcome should be if it is not yet resolved).
The concept of an Innkeeper has been widely debated in various common law countries, including Canada. It is an agreement in which the innkeeper agrees to provide lodging facilities to the guests in exchange for compensation.
In this case, the plaintiff, who was the guest at the inn owned by the defendant, suffered serious injuries after she fell through a rotting balcony railing. She sued the defendant for negligence and claimed damages. The plaintiff argued that the defendant failed to maintain the property in a reasonably safe condition and breached their duty of care.
The court held that the defendant was responsible for maintaining the property in a reasonably safe condition, and the broken railing was a clear indication of the defendant's failure to do so.
The defendant argued that the plaintiff's actions caused the accident and, therefore, she should be held liable. However, the court rejected this argument and found the defendant negligent.This case is characterized within tort theory, which is a civil wrong that results in damages. The plaintiff suffered injuries due to the defendant's negligence, and therefore, she was entitled to compensation.
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