Answer:
[tex]M_{base}=0.709M[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since the reaction between potassium hydroxide and nitric acid is:
[tex]KOH+HNO_3\rightarrow KNO_3+H_2O[/tex]
We can see a 1:1 mole ratio between the acid and base, therefore, for the titration analysis, we find the following equality at the equivalence point:
[tex]n_{acid}=n_{base}[/tex]
That in terms of molarities and volumes is:
[tex]M_{acid}V_{acid}=M_{base}V_{base}[/tex]
Thus, solving the molarity of the base (KOH), we obtain:
[tex]M_{base}=\frac{M_{acid}V_{acid}}{V_{base}} =\frac{0.498M*42.7mL}{30.0mL}\\ \\M_{base}=0.709M[/tex]
Regards.
While balancing a chemical equation, we change the _____ to balance the number of atoms on each side of the equation.
Answer:
While balancing a chemical equation, we change the coefficient to balance the number of atoms on each side of the equation
Explanation:
While balancing a chemical equation, we change the coefficient to balance the number of atoms on each side of the equation.
What is chemical equation?To summarize in chemistry terms, a chemical equation depicts the initial chemicals, or reactants, on the left-hand side and the final compounds, or products, just on right-hand side, divided by an arrow. In the chemical equation, the number of atoms in each element as well as the total charge are the same on opposite of the equation's sides.
Chemical equations are used in chemistry to depict chemical processes by writing the reactants and products in terms of their corresponding chemical formulas. While balancing a chemical equation, we change the coefficient to balance the number of atoms on each side of the equation.
Therefore, while balancing a chemical equation, we change the coefficient to balance the number of atoms on each side of the equation.
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a sample of oxygen occupied 568 ml. when the pressure increased to 911.6 mm Hg. at constant temperature, what volume did the gas initially occupy when the pressure was 248.71 mm Hg?
a 2082
b 155.0
c 2114
d 399.2
Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf A. \ 2082 \ mL}}[/tex]
Explanation:
We are asked to find the initial volume of a gas given a change in pressure. Since the temperature remains constant, we are only concerned with volume and pressure. We will use Boyle's Law, which states the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure. The formula for this law is:
[tex]P_1V_1= P_2V_2[/tex]
The pressure was initially 248.71 millimeters of mercury, but the volume is unknown.
[tex]248.71 \ mm \ Hg * V_1 = P_2V_2[/tex]
The pressure is increased to 911.6 millimeters of mercury and the volume is 568 milliliters.
[tex]248.71 \ mm \ Hg * V_1 = 911.6 \ mm \ Hg * 568 \ mL[/tex]
We are solving for the initial volume, so we must isolate the variable V₁. It is being multiplied by 248.71 millimeters of mercury. The inverse operation of multiplication is division, so we divide both sides by 248.71 mm Hg.
[tex]\frac {248.71 \ mm \ Hg * V_1 } {248.71 \ mm \ Hg}= \frac{911.6 \ mm \ Hg * 568 \ mL }{248.71 \ mm \ Hg}[/tex]
[tex]V_1 = \frac{911.6 \ mm \ Hg * 568 \ mL }{248.71 \ mm \ Hg}[/tex]
The units of millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) cancel.
[tex]V_1 = \frac{911.6 * 568 \ mL }{248.71 }[/tex]
[tex]V_1 = \frac {517788.8} {248.71 } \ mL[/tex]
[tex]V_1 = 2081.897793 \ mL[/tex]
Let's round to the nearest whole number. The 8 in the tenths place tells us to round the 1 up to a 2.
[tex]V_1= 2082 \ mL[/tex]
The gas initially occupied a volume of 2082 milliliters and choice A is correct.
HELP ASAP 15 POINTS
Why was Dalton's theory of the atom incorrect?
A. Dalton theorized that atoms were indivisible but they are actually made of smaller parts.
B. Dalton theorized that had negative charges spread throughout them but they are actually in electron shells.
C. Dalton' theory was correct.
D. Dalton theorized that atoms were too small to see but they are not.
Answer:
Answer is A.
Explanation:
The indivisibility of an atom was proved wrong: an atom can be further subdivided into protons, neutrons and electrons. According to Dalton, the atoms of same element are similar in all respects. However, atoms of some elements vary in their masses and densities. These atoms of different masses are called isotopes. :)
A student ran the following reaction in the laboratory at 242 K: 2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) Br2(g) When she introduced 0.143 moles of NOBr(g) into a 1.00 liter container, she found the equilibrium concentration of NOBr(g) to be 0.108 M. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc, she obtained for this reaction. Kc
Answer:
1.84 × 10⁻³
Explanation:
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
2 NOBr(g) ⇄ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g)
Step 2: Calculate the initial concentration of NOBr
0.143 moles of NOBr(g) are introduced into a 1.00 liter container. The molarity is:
M = 0.143 mol / 1.00 L = 0.143 M
Step 3: Make an ICE chart
2 NOBr(g) ⇄ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g)
I 0.143 0 0
C -2x +2x +x
E 0.143-2x 2x x
Step 4: Find the value of x
The equilibrium concentration of NOBr(g) was 0.108 M. Then,
0.143-2x = 0.108
x = 0.0175
Step 5: Calculate the concentrations at equilibrium
[NOBr] = 0.108 M
[NO] = 2x = 0.0350 M
[Br₂] = x = 0.0175 M
Step 6: Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc)
Kc = [0.0350]² × [0.0175] / [0.108]²
Kc = 1.84 × 10⁻³
A galvanic cell is powered by the following redox reaction:
2Zn2+(aq) + N2H4(aq) 4OH-zn2+ right arrow(aq) 2Zn(s) + N2(g) + 4H2O(I)
1. Write a balanced equation for the half-reaction that takes place at the cathode.
2. Write a balanced equation for the half-reaction that takes place at the anode.
3. Calculate the cell voltage under standard conditions.
For an ideal gas condition, what is the mass (g) of N2 if the pressure is 2.0 atm, the volume is 25 mL and the temperature is 290 Kelvin.
Answer:
THE MASS OF NITROGEN GAS IN THIS CONDITIONS IS 0.0589 g
Explanation:
In an ideal condition
PV = nRT or PV = MRT/ MM where:
M = mass = unknown
MM =molar mass = 28 g/mol
P = pressure = 2 atm
V = volume = 25 mL = 0.025 L
R = gas constant = 0.082 L atm/mol K
T = temperature = 290 K
n = number of moles
The gas in the question is nitrogen gas
Molar mass of nitrogen gas = 14 * 2 = 28 g/mol
Then equating the variables and solving for M, we have
M = PV MM/ RT
M = 2 * 0.025 * 28 / 0.082 * 290
M = 1.4 / 23.78
M = 0.0589 g
The mass of the nitrogen gas at ideal conditions of 2 atm, 25 mL volume and 290 K temperature is 0.0589 g
Which of the following do we need to know in order to calculate pH during an acid-base titration of a strong monoprotic acid with a strong monoprotic base? Select all that apply
a. the concentration of the acid
b. the concentration of the base titrant
c. the initial volume of the acid solution
d. the volume of the titrant used
Answer:
the volume of the titrant used
Explanation:
Acid-base titrations are usually depicted on special graphs referred to as titration curve. A titration curve is a graph that contains a plot of the volume of the titrant as the independent variable and the pH of the system as the dependent variable.
Hence, a titration curve is a graphical plot showing the pH of the analyte solution plotted against the volume of the titrant as the reaction is in progress. The titration curve is drawn by plotting data obtained during a titration, that is, volume of the titrant added (plotted on the x-axis) and pH of the system (plotted on the y-axis).
Define the following terms - you may need to consult your lecture text or other suitable resource:
a. monomer,
b. repeating unit,
c. condensation polymerization,
d. cross-linked polymer
Answer:
a) Monomers: monomers are unit molecules, that can react together with other monomers, to form a long chain molecule called a polymer. Th polymer formed can also be in a three dimensional network. The process of this conversion of monomers to polymers is called polymerization.
b) Repeating unit: A repeating unit is a unit of the polymer formed, whose repetition would produce a long complete polymer chain. A polymer is made up of these repeating links of molecules that form a long chain of molecules.
c) Condensation polymerization: This is a form of condensation reaction, that involves the combination of molecules into polymers with the loss of small molecules such as water or methanol as by products.
d) Cross-linked polymer: This is a polymer formed from a type of bonding of molecules. The bonding is usually in the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers. The cross-links leads to an alteration in the physical properties of the polymer.
The definition of following terms are :
a) Monomers:
The monomers are unit atoms, that can respond in conjunction with other monomers, to create a long chain molecule called a polymer.
The polymer shaped can too be in a three dimensional arrange.
b) Repeating unit:
A rehashing unit may be a unit of the polymer shaped, whose reiteration would produce a long total polymer chain.
A polymer is made up of these rehashing joins of atoms that shape a long chain of molecules.
c) Condensation polymerization:
This is often a frame of condensation response, that includes the combination of particles into polymers with the misfortune of little particles such as water or methanol as by products.
d) Cross-linked polymer:
This can be a polymer shaped from a sort of holding of particles.
The cross-links leads to an modification within the physical properties.
DefinitionsDefinition is a rhetorical style that uses various techniques to impress upon the reader the meaning of a term, idea, or concept.
Definition may be used for an entire essay but is often used as a rhetorical style within an essay that may mix rhetorical styles.
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Write the IUPAC and common names, if any, of the carboxylate salts produced in the reaction of each of the following carboxylic acids with NaOH: 2-methylhexanoic acid
Part A
2-bromopropanoic acid Spell out the full name of the compound. If there is a common name separate your answers by a comma.
Part B
2-methylhexanoic acid Spell out the full name of the compound. If there is a common name separate your answers by a comma.
Answer:
Following are the explanation to this question:
Explanation:
The salts of carboxylate are named by the writing, which is also named as the creation of the first, which is followed by the name of the carboxylic acid were '-ic' of the acid end and replaced by the 'ate'.
Following are the description of the given reaction:
In reaction A:
2-Bromopropanoic acid= [tex]C_3H_5BrO_2[/tex]
[tex]C_3H_5BrO_2+NaOH[/tex]⇄ [tex]C_3H_4BrNaO_2 +H_2O[/tex]
The IUPAC name is Sodium-2-Bromopropanate
In reaction B:
2-Methylhexanoic acid= [tex]C_7H_{14}O_2[/tex]
[tex]C_7H_{14}O_2+NaOH[/tex]⇄ [tex]C_7H_{13}NaO_{2}+H_2O[/tex]
The IUPAC name is Sodium-2-Methyl hexanoate
The IUPAC name of compound is Sodium-2-Bromopropanate in reaction 1 and in reaction 2 it is 2-Methylhexanoic acid.
The salts of carboxylate are named by the writing, which is also named as the creation of the first, which is followed by the name of the compound carboxylic acid were '-ic' of the acid end and replaced by the 'ate'.
Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.
Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.
Thus, the IUPAC name of compound is Sodium-2-Bromopropanate in reaction 1 and in reaction 2 it is 2-Methylhexanoic acid.
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Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 29g of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) dissolved in 24.0g of water. Assume the density of water is 1.00g/mL.
Answer:
whats the ph ofpoh=9.78
Explanation:
A student is using a coffee-cup calorimeter to determine the enthalpy change of the endothermic reaction of two aqueous solutions. After both solutions are added to the cup, the student neglects to put the lid on the cup. This would cause the magnitude of the calculated ΔH° value to be: the answer is: too small, since the solution will absorb heat from the room. But why? Wouldn't depend on if the reaction releases or absorbs heat. Wouldn't it be too large because heat escapes the cup? I'm so confused
Answer:
Explanation:
In all calorimetric experiment , the calorimeter must be isolated from the surrounding . Otherwise the heat change in the experiment can not be determined with precision .
The reaction is endothermic . Hence, there is lowering of temperature due to absorption of heat in the reaction equal to ΔH°. The value of ΔH° can be calculated by measuring fall in the temperature of the content . The fall in the temperature will be less when heat is allowed to come from the surrounding . Less fall of temperature will result in less ΔH° to be calculated .
Hence in the given experiment , if the student neglects to put lid on the cup , the experiment will give less value of ΔH°.
If it takes 72 mL of 9 M KOH to neutralize 415 mL of sulfuric
acid (H2SO4) solution, what is the concentration of the H2SO4
solution?
M
The concentration of H₂SO₄ is 0.78 M
Explanation:
We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:
H₂SO₄ + 2KOH —> K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
From the balanced equation above,
Mole ratio of the acid, H₂SO₄ (nₐ) = 1
Mole ratio of the base, KOH (n₆) = 2
Finally, we shall determine the concentration of H₂SO₄. This can be obtained as follow:
Volume of base, KOH (V₆) = 72 mL
Concentration of base, KOH (C₆) = 9 M
Volume acid, H₂SO₄ (Vₐ) = 415 mL
Mole ratio of the acid, H₂SO₄ (nₐ) = 1
Mole ratio of the base, KOH (n₆) = 2
Concentration of acid, H₂SO₄ (Cₐ) =?CₐVₐ / C₆V₆ = nₐ/n₆
Cₐ × 415 / 9 × 72 = 1/2
Cₐ × 415 / 648 = 1/2
Cross multiply
Cₐ × 415 × 2 = 648
Cₐ × 830 = 648
Divide both side by 830
Cₐ = 648 / 830
Cₐ = 0.78 MTherefore, the concentration of H₂SO₄ is 0.78 M
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Each energy sublevel contains __________ number of electrons. For example, sublevel D can hold up to _______ electrons. A. the same, 10 B. the same, 14 C. a different, 6 D. a different, 10
Answer:
Each energy sublevel contains a different number of electrons. For example, sublevel D can contain up to 10 electrons
Explanation:
The atoms are surrounded by propellers that within each propeller there is a certain number of electrons, these electrons jump from orbit to orbit according to the amount of energy they have. The four levels that make up the electronic cloud that surrounds an atom are: s p d f.
When these electrons change orbit or level they release energy in the form of light, which is known as a photon.
What is the formula for tin (II) chlorate decahydrate?
Answer:
The formula is:
Sn(ClO3)2
Tin(II) Chlorate is also called stannous chlorate and is a white-colored solid. Hydrates are the addition of water molecules. Tin (II) chlorate decahydrate is represented by Sn(ClO₃)₂ . 10 H₂O.
What are hydrates?Hydrates are the chemical compounds used to represent the water molecule (H₂O) in a compound. The water molecules are added to the compound formula as a crystalline structure.
The element tin is represented by the symbol Sn and chlorate is represented as (ClO₃)₂. The formula also has decahydrate which means it has ten molecules of water that can be represented by 10 H₂O.
The stock nomenclature is used to give the formula for the compound. The overall formula of the compound after adding the individual symbol will give, Sn(ClO₃)₂. 10 H₂O.
Therefore, Sn(ClO₃)₂ . 10 H₂O is a formula for tin (II) chlorate decahydrate.
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balance the following reaction:
C₃H1₂ +
02
CO2 +
H20
Answer:
C₃H1₂ +
Explanation:
just took the exam
Solution of the Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom results in a set of functions (orbitals) that describe the behavior of the electron. Each function is characterized by 3 quantum numbers: n, l, and ml. If the value of n = 3 ... The quantum number l can have values from ? to ? . ... The total number of orbitals possible at the n = 3 energy level is ? . If the value of l = 3 ... The quantum number ml can have values from to ? . ... The total number of orbitals possible at the l = 3 sublevel is ?? .
Answer:
1) The quantum number l can have values from
2 to 0
2)The total number of orbitals possible at the n = 3 energy level is 3'2=9
3) If the value of l = 3 ... The quantum number ml can have values from 3 to -3
The quantum number l determines the shape of the orbital. In this case, if the value of n is 3, then the quantum number l can have values from 0 to (3-1), which is 2.
The total number of orbitals possible at the n = 3 energy level can be determined using the formula 2l + 1. So, for l = 0, there is 1 orbital. For l = 1, there are 3 orbitals. And for l = 2, there are 5 orbitals. Therefore, the total number of orbitals possible at the n = 3 energy level is 1 + 3 + 5 = 9.
On the other hand, the quantum number ml represents the magnetic quantum number. It specifies the orientation of the orbital in space. The value of ml ranges from -l to +l. So, if the value of l is 3, then the quantum number ml can have values from -3 to +3.
The total number of orbitals possible at the l = 3 sublevel can be determined using the formula 2ml + 1. So, for ml = -3, there is 1 orbital. For ml = -2, there is 3 orbitals. For ml = -1, there is 5 orbitals. For ml = 0, there is 7 orbitals. For ml = 1, there is 5 orbitals. For ml = 2, there is 3 orbitals. And for ml = 3, there is 1 orbital.
Therefore, the total number of orbitals possible at the l = 3 sublevel is 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1 = 25.
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what is the colour before and after when bromine reacts with chlorine ??
ANSWER
I need great answers
EXPLANATION
please rate my answer as great
Compounds A and B (both C10H14) show prominent peaks in their mass spectrum at m/z 134 and 119. Compound B also shows a less prominent peak at m/z 91. On vigorous oxidation with chromic acid, compound A is nonreactive while compound B yielded terephthalic acid.
Required:
From this information, deduce the structures of both compounds, and then draw the structure of B.
At standard temperature and pressure conditions, the volume of an ideal gas contained in a jar is 55.3 L. How many molecules are in the jar. This question is to be answered in scientific notation.(eg. 1.5 e5)
Answer:
1.49e24
Explanation:
Standars temperature and pressure are 273.15K and 1atm, respectively.
Using ideal gas law, we can find moles of an ideal gas if we know its pressure, temperature and volume as follows:
PV = nRT
PV / RT = n
Where P is pressure (1atm), V is volume (55.3L), R is gas constant (0.082atmL/molK), T is temperature (273.15K) and n moles of the ideal gas.
Replacing:
PV / RT = n
1atm*55.3L / 0.082atmL/molK*273.15K = n
2.47 moles = n
Now, the question is about the number of molecules in the jar. By definition, 1 mole = 6.022x10²³ molecules.
As we have 2.47 moles:
2.47 mol × (6.022x10²³ molecules / 1 mole) =
1.49x10²⁴ molecules that are in the jar
In scientific notation:
1.49e24What is the result in the double displacement reaction of hydrochloric acid and
lithium carbonate?
Answer:
Lithium chloride (LiCl), carbon dioxide, and water
Explanation:
Li₂CO₃ + HCl ⇒ LiCl + CO₂ + H₂O
When lithium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, lithium chloride, water, and bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are given off. This is the result of a double displacement reaction followed by a decomposition reaction.
Hope that helps.
What best describes the goals of scientific investigation and technological development?
Both scientific investigation and technological design aim to solve problems by making more cost-effective and affordable products.
Both scientific investigation and technological design aim to conduct experiments to uncover new information and share the results.
Scientific investigation aims to design products that can make use of new information, whereas technological development aims to conduct experiments to improve affordability and availability.
Scientific investigation aims to design and implement an experiment to learn new information, whereas technological development aims to design a product to solve a problem.
Answer: D. Scientific investigation aims to design and implement an experiment to learn new information, whereas technological development aims to design a product to solve a problem.
Explanation:
Why is the r.a.m. Value used?
Answer:
The r.a.m. value is used to determine how many isotopes an element has.
Explanation:
From the graph of Density vs. Concentration, created in Graph 1, what was the relationship between the concentration of the sugar solution and the density of the sugar solution?
The graph is not given in the question, so, the required graph is attached below:
Answer:
According to the graph, the relationship between the density of the sugar solution and the concentration of the sugar solution is directly proportional to each other as they both are increasing exponentially.
The graph shows that, the density of sugar solution will increase with the increase in concentration of sugar in the solution.
Prove the equilibrium law of pressure kp=kc(RT)^delta n
The solution is in the pictures because the picture is large, so I cut it and also put numbers on it to know it in sequence .
I hope I helped you^_^
NEED ANSWER FAST 50 POINTS
A mixture of copper sulfate and water is heated, leaving a residue of copper sulfate in the container. Which method was used to separate the mixture?
A. chromatography
B. evaporation
C. filtration
D. distillation
The method used to separate copper sulfate and water mixture was evaporation.
Explanation:
Chromatography is a separation technique used in labs. In this technique, there are two phases, the mobile phase, and the stationary phase. The phase in which the mixture is dissolved is termed as mobile phase and the phase which serves as a carrier through the system like, sheet, capillary, etc. is termed as mobile phase.Evaporation is a process in which the action of heat is employed to separate dissolved solids from liquid. Due to heat liquid gets evaporated leaving the solid behind.Filtration is a process in which insoluble particles are separated from the liquid by allowing them to pass through a porous substance such as filter paper. Distillation is a process used in the separation of the mixture of liquids with different boiling points.So, from this, we can conclude that the method used to separate copper sulfate and water mixture was evaporation.
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Answer:
Just did this on my test the answer is evaportion.
Explanation:
A sample of radioactive silver contains two isotopes, 108Ag (denoted A) and 110Ag (denoted B). The second of these (B) has a half life of 24 seconds, whereas the first (A) has a half life of 2.3 minutes. If a sample contains equal numbers of each of these isotopes at the beginning of an experiment that runs for an hour, which of the following statements is correct?
A. At the end of the hour, isotope B has a greater decay constant λ than isotope A
B. At the end of the hour, isotope A has the same decay constant λ as isotope B
C. At the end of the hour, isotope A has a greater decay constant λ than isotope B
Answer:
A : At the end of the hour, isotope B has a greater decay constant λ than isotope A
Explanation:
Firstly, we need to understand that radioactive decay follows a first order rate law.
What this means is that we can calculate the radioactive decay constant using the following formula from the half-life
Mathematically;
[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex] = 0.693/λ
where λ represents the radioactive decay constant.
Rearranging the equation, we can have
λ = 0.693/[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex]
Now, to have a fair level playing ground, it is best that the half-life of both isotopes are in the same unit of time(seconds)
For A, the half-life = 2.3 minutes which is same as 2.3 × 60 = 138 seconds
For B, the half-life is 24 seconds
Thus, at the end of the hour, the decay constant for isotope A will be;
λ = 0.693/138 = 0.0050 [tex]s^{-1}[/tex]
For isotope B, the decay constant will be;
λ = 0.693/24 = 0.028875 [tex]s^{-1}[/tex]
We can see that the decay constant of isotope B is higher than that of A at the end of the experiment
f the Ksp for HgBr2 is 2.8×10−14, and the mercury ion concentration in solution is 0.085 M, what does the bromide concentration need to be for a precipitate to occur?
Answer:
0.057 M
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Solubility product constant (Ksp) for HgBr₂: 2.8 × 10⁻⁴
Concentration of mercury (II) ion: 0.085 M
Step 2: Write the reaction for the solution of HgBr₂
HgBr₂(s) ⇄ Hg²⁺(aq) + 2 Br⁻
Step 3: Calculate the bromide concentration needed for a precipitate to occur
The Ksp is:
Ksp = 2.8 × 10⁻⁴ = [Hg²⁺] × [Br⁻]²
[Br⁻] = √(2.8 × 10⁻⁴/0.085) = 0.057 M
Come up with a definition for density
Density measures how tightly packed particles are.
If particles are tightly packed together, they will be more dense.
If they are loosely together, they will be less dense.
However, a common mistake is thinking that if something
is more dense it means that it's heavier.
However, that's not the case.
It has to do with how particles are packed in an object.
The insoluble salts below are put into 0.10 M hydrochloric acid solution. Do you expect their solubility to be more, less, or about the same as in a pure water solution?
1. Zinc sulfide
2. Silver chloride
3. Lead iodide
4. Silver hydroxide
Answer:
1. Zinc sulfide : about the same solubility, no common ion is found.
2. Silver chloride : less solubility due to the presence of chloride ions provided by the 0.10 M hydrochloric acid.
3. Lead iodide : about the same solubility, no common ion is found.
4. Silver hydroxide : about the same solubility, no common ion is found.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we first must remember that adding a common ion (which is related with the dissolving solid) decreases the solubility of the insoluble solid due to the fact Le Chatelier's principle states the reaction will shift leftwards (reactants) to reestablish equilibrium, therefore, we have:
1. Zinc sulfide : about the same solubility, no common ion is found.
2. Silver chloride : less solubility due to the presence of chloride ions provided by the 0.10 M hydrochloric acid.
3. Lead iodide : about the same solubility, no common ion is found.
4. Silver hydroxide : about the same solubility, no common ion is found.
Best regards.
Consider the following chemical equation: NH4NO3(s)⟶NH+4(aq)+NO−3(aq) What is the standard change in free energy in kJmol at 298.15K? The heat of formation data are as follows: ΔH∘f,NH4NO3(s)=-365.6kJmolΔH∘f,NH+4(aq)=-132.5kJmolΔH∘f,NO−3(aq)=-205.0kJmol The standard entropy data are as follows: S∘NH4NO3(s)=151.1Jmol KS∘NH+4(aq)=113.4Jmol KS∘NO−3(aq)=146.4Jmol K Your answer should include two significant figures.
Answer:
[tex]\Delta _rG=-4.3\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for the given dissociation reaction, we can compute the enthalpy of reaction considering the enthalpy of formation of each involved species (products minus reactants):
[tex]\Delta _rH=\Delta _fH_{NH^{4+}}+\Delta _fH_{NO_3^-}-\Delta _fH_{NH_4NO_3}\\\\\Delta _rH=-132.5+(-205.0)-(-365.6)=28.1kJ/mol[/tex]
Next, the entropy of reaction considering the standard entropy for each involved species (products minus reactants):
[tex]\Delta _rS=S_{NH^{4+}}+S_{NO_3^-}-S_{NH_4NO_3}\\\\\Delta _rS=113.4+146.4-151.1=108.7J/mol*K[/tex]
Next, since the Gibbs free energy of reaction is computed in terms of both the enthalpy and entropy of reaction at the given temperature (298.15 K), we finally obtain (two significant figures):
[tex]\Delta _rG=\Delta _rH-T\Delta _rS\\\\\Delta _rG=28.1kJ/mol-(298.15 K)(108.7\frac{J}{mol*K}*\frac{1kJ}{1000J} )\\\\\Delta _rG=-4.3\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]
Best regards.