1. Two TCP entities communicate across a reliable network. Let the normalized time to transmit a fixed length segment equal 1. Assume that the end-to-end propagation delay is 3 and that it takes 2 to deliver data from a received segment to the transport user. The receiver initially grants a credit of 7 segments. The receiver uses a conservative flow control policy and updates its credit allocation at every opportunity. What is the maximum achievable throughput

Complete Question:

Let's say that you handle the IT systems administration for your company. There's a server inside of your organization that checks how often client machines access it. If a client machine hasn't accessed the server in three months, the server won't allow the client machine to access its resources anymore. What can you set to make sure that your client machines and the server times are in sync?

Answer:

Network Time Protocol (NTP).

Explanation:

As the IT systems administrator, you can set the network time protocol (NTP) to make sure that your client machines and the server times are in synchronization.

A network time protocol (NTP) can be defined as an internet standard protocol which is used by an IT system administrator to synchronize a computer's clock to a particular time reference over packet switched or local area network (LAN) and variable-latency data networks. NTP was developed at the University of Delaware by Professor David L. Mills.

Basically, the network time protocol uses the coordinated universal time (UTC) and a client-server model to measure the total round-trip delay for a computer process.

Answer:

Bandwidth delay product = 2500 Kbits

Utilization = 0.02%

Explanation:

We proceed as follows;

From the question, we are given that

band width = 500 Mbps

The bandwidth-delay product is = 500 x 10^6 x 25 x 10^-3

= 2500 Kbits

The system can send 12500 Kbits during the time it takes for the data to go from the sender to the receiver and then back again.

However, the system sends only 2500 bits.

The the link utilization =

2500/(12500 x 10^3) = 0.02%

Answer:

for (var i = 0; i <20; i++)

{

var lineY = 20 + (i * 20);

line(0, lineY, 400, lineY);

}

Explanation:

To turn the loop while to for loop, you start by considering the iterating variable i and its iterating operations which are;

var i = 0; while (i < 20) and i++;

Where var i = 0; is the initializing statement

(i < 20) is the conditional statement

i++ is the increment

The next is to combine these operations to a for loop; using the following syntax: for(initializing; condition; increment){}

This gives: for(var i = 0; i<20; i++)

Hence, the full code snippet is:

for (var i = 0; i <20; i++)

{

var lineY = 20 + (i * 20);

line(0, lineY, 400, lineY);

}

Answer:

c. suffer from indefinite postponement.

Explanation:

Algorithm is a set of rules that are followed in calculations or other problem solving operation by a computer. An algorithm may execute for unknown amount of time and it may suffer indefinite postponement. Algorithm depends on random numbers and it can execute continuously.

Answer: CSIRT

Explanation: CSIRT is team that specializes in day to day cyber incidents  

The CSIRT is responsible for creating and testing the incident response plan.

CSIRT is the Computer emergency response team. One of the key areas for the efficient operation of a corporation is the legal department. Professionals face enormous challenges, particularly when you take into account the need for other bodies within the company itself.

We can list the reviews of the CSIRT procedures that are conducted through this department as one of its key responsibilities. This department also has the responsibility of comprehending the actions that the CSIRT will take to ensure that they comply with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

Therefore, the incident response strategy must be written and tested by the CSIRT.

To learn more about CSIRT, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/18493737

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Answer:

Program fidelity

Explanation:

Answer:

Spear Phishing and War Dialing

Explanation:

So let's tackle these one at a time.

Vishing is simply any type of message (i.e., email, text, phone call, etc.) that appears to be from a trusted source but is not.

Whaling is simply a spear phishing attack of a high-value target such as a CEO or someone with high-level access at a company.

Spear phishing is simply a targeted phishing attack, usually towards a specific person or group of people.  (Phishing attack is simply a social attack to try and gain unauthorized access to a resource).

Pharming is an attack that attempts to redirect website traffic to a fake site.

War dialing is a technique to automatically scan a list of numbers in an area in attempt to search for exposed modems, computers, board systems, or fax machines, in order to breach the network.

Hoaxing is simply a social attack that describes a serious threat in attempts to retrieve unauthorized access or money from a victim.  (Think microsoft tech support scams)

Now that we have defined these things, let's identify the possible threats that need to be reported.

(a) Vishing?  The sec admin report doesn't mention the source of the message so we cannot associate this one

(b) Whaling? The sec admin report says a user, implying someone not high up in the company, but doesn't say it's not someone high up.  This is possible.

(c) Spear phishing?  The sec admin report says a user, implying that only this user is being targeted so this is definitely valid.

(d) Pharming?  The sec admin report says nothing about site redirection.

(e) War dialing? The sec admin report doesn't say anything about unauthorized scanning; however, it mentions the user has an old functioning modem, so this is possible.

(f) Hoaxing?  The sec admin report doesn't mention a pop up in the email or the content of the email so we are uncertain.

Thus with these considerations, the two threats that are identified and need mitigation are Spear phishing and War Dialing/Whaling.  Note that we aren't positive of the war dialing or whaling, but a case could be made for either; however, given the modem information, the question seems to indicate war dialing.

Answer:

when there is no junk

Explanation:

If you choose the checkbox next to “Delete the driver software from this device,” your computer will no longer contain the driver or any associated registry keys. Either method will prevent you from using the device until you reinstall the device driver.

To connect and communicate with particular devices, a computer needs device drivers.

It may be taken out without any trouble. However, it also comes with the installers for your PC's drivers. You will need to go to the manufacturer's website to download them again if you accidentally delete them.

Therefore, No, unless your new driver is broken and corrupts data. Install the driver if it comes from a reliable source. It is not intended to. Having a backup system that keeps your data safe in case of issues is a good idea.

Learn more about driver files here:

https://brainly.com/question/10608750

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Answer:

The answer is below

Explanation:

Given that:

Frame transmission time (X) = 40 ms

Requests = 50 requests/sec, Therefore the arrival rate for frame (G) = 50 request * 40 ms = 2 request

a) Probability that there is success on the first attempt = [tex]e^{-G}G^k[/tex] but k = 0, therefore Probability that there is success on the first attempt = [tex]e^{-G}=e^{-2}=0.135[/tex]

b) probability of exactly k collisions and then a success = P(collisions in k attempts) × P(success in k+1 attempt)

P(collisions in k attempts) = [1-Probability that there is success on the first attempt]^k = [tex][1-e^{-G}]^k=[1-0.135]^k=0.865^k[/tex]

P(success in k+1 attempt) = [tex]e^{-G}=e^{-2}=0.135[/tex]

Probability of exactly k collisions and then a success = [tex]0.865^k0.135[/tex]

c) Expected number of transmission attempts needed = probability of success in k transmission = [tex]e^{G}=e^{2}=7.389[/tex]

Answer:

Following are the code to this question:

def after_second(s,sub):#defining a method a fter_second

   first = s.find(sub)#defining a variable first that hold method find value

   if first != -1:#defining if block to check first variable value not equal to -1 using slicing  

       s = s[len(sub)+first:]#defining s variable to calculate sub parameter length of parameter and use slicing

       second = s.find(sub)#defining second variable to calculate find method value  

   if second != -1:#defining if block to calculate second variable slicing

       return s[len(sub)+second:]#return s variable value

print(after_second("heyyoheyhi","hey"))#defining print method to call after_second method

print(after_second("11223344554321","3"))#defining print method to call after_second method

Output:

hi

44554321

Explanation:

In the above python code a method "after_second" is declared, that accepts two-variable "s, and sub" as the parameter inside the method a first variable is declared that uses the inbuilt method "find" to find the value and stores it value. In the next step, two if blocks are used, in which both if blocks use the slicing to checks its value is not equal to "-1".

Answer:The new directory method creates a new directory within the current working directory.

Explanation:The new directory function and returns the list of the files within that directory.The new directory function allow to with the built in function MK dir().

To the new directory function create a current working directory.

import OS

OS.MKdir()

The code creates the directory projects in the current working directory to specify the full path.

Answer:

The drivers wont be loaded and the deamons will not be running in the background unnecessarily, that makes the processes to run more faster

Explanation:

The chief advantage of deferred configuration or the advantage when some network applications defer configuration until a service is needed is that the drivers won't be loaded and the deamons will not be running in the background unnecessarily or when idle, that makes the processes to run more faster.

Network configuration is the activity which involves setting up a network's controls, flow and operation to assist the network communication of an organization or network owner.

Answer:

A total of 6,000 bps of bandwidth is used by the distributed routing algorithm

Explanation:

This is a bandwidth requirement question.

We proceed as follows;

To calculate the total number of bits for a routing table, we use the following formula;

Routing table=Number of routers * length of cost

we are given the following parameters from the question;

Number of routers = 500

length of cost = 4 bits

Routing table = 500*4

=2000

Hence, a routing table is 2000 bits in length.

Now we proceed to calculate the bandwidth required on each line using the formula below;

Bandwidth = no.of seconds * no.of bits in routing table

Bandwidth required on each line = 3*2000

=6000

Answer:

[tex]Attenuation = 0.458\ db[/tex]

Explanation:

Given

Power at point A = 100W

Power at point B = 90W

Required

Determine the attenuation in decibels

Attenuation is calculated using the following formula

[tex]Attenuation = 10Log_{10}\frac{P_s}{P_d}[/tex]

Where [tex]P_s = Power\ Inpu[/tex]t and [tex]P_d = Power\ outpu[/tex]t

[tex]P_s = 100W[/tex]

[tex]P_d = 90W[/tex]

Substitute these values in the given formula

[tex]Attenuation = 10Log_{10}\frac{P_s}{P_d}[/tex]

[tex]Attenuation = 10Log_{10}\frac{100}{90}[/tex]

[tex]Attenuation = 10 * 0.04575749056[/tex]

[tex]Attenuation = 0.4575749056[/tex]

[tex]Attenuation = 0.458\ db[/tex] (Approximated)

Answer:

(B) It allows an attacker to redirect targets to malicious webserver.

(D) It affects any clients querying the poisoned DNS server.

Explanation:

DNS cache poisoning is a serious type of attack that is designed to exploit the vulnerabilities inherent in a Domain Name Server (DNS) where a user is redirected from a real server to a fake one. It is also called DNS spoofing.

Normally, when your browser tries to visits a website through a given domain name, it goes through the DNS server. A DNS server maintains a list of domain names and their equivalent Internet Protocol addresses. This server (DNS) then responds to the request with one or more IP addresses for the browser to reach the website through the domain name.

The computer browser then get to the intended website through the IP address.

Now, if the DNS cache is poisoned, then it has a wrong entry for IP addresses. This might be via hacking or a physical access to the DNS server to modify the stored information on it. Therefore, rather than responding with the real IP address, the DNS replies with a wrong IP address which then redirects the user to an unreal website.

Although they might not be able to control your computer remotely as long as you are not trying to visit a web page via the poisoned information, there are other dangers attached to this type of attack.

Once the DNS server has been poisoned, any client trying to query the server will also be affected since there is no direct way of knowing if the information received from the server is actually correct.

Answer:

exploration

Explanation:

According to Marcia's theory of identity, the status suggests that the dimension Lily is most concerned with is the exploration dimension.

James E. Marcia who came up with the Marcia's theory of identity is a clinical and developmental psychologist. He also once taught at Simon Fraser University which is located in British Columbia, Canada and also in the State University of New York at Buffalo in Upstate, New York City.

James E. Marcia is also very much involved in clinical private practice, community consultation, clinical psychology supervision, and also in international clinical-developmental research and teaching.

Answer:

Mon Feb 26 2017

Explanation:

Since the current date is considered as Monday, February 26, 2017, thisDay will be set to that value.

The toDateString() method returns the first three letters of the name of the day (The first letter is capitalized), the first three letters of the name of the month (The first letter is capitalized), the day of the month as an integer, and the year as an integer (There are spaces between all)

Answer:

See comments for line by line explanation (Lines that begins with // are comments)

The function written in C, is as follows:

//The function starts here

int check(x,y,n)

{

//This if condition checks if x and y are within range of 0 to n - 1

if((x>=0 && x<=n-1) && (y>=0 && y<=n-1))

{

//If the if conditional statement is true, the function returns 1

 return 1;

}

else

{

//If the if conditional statement is false, the function returns 0

 return 0;

}

//The if condition ends here

}

//The function ends here

Explanation:

//import the Scanner class

import java.util.Scanner;

//Begin class definition

public class NumberOfMinutes{

    //Begin main method

    public static void main(String []args){

       //Create an object of the Scanner class

       Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

       //initialize a variable nm to hold the number of minutes

       int nm = 0;

       //Prompt the use to enter the number of hours

       System.out.println("Please enter the number of hours");

       //Receive the input using the Scanner object and

       //Store the entered number of hours in a variable nh

       int nh = input.nextInt();

       //Prompt the user to enter the number of days

       System.out.println("Please enter the number of days");

       //Receive the input using the Scanner object and

       //Store the entered number of days in a variable nd

       int nd = input.nextInt();

       //Prompt the user to enter the number of weeks

       System.out.println("Please enter the number of weeks");

       //Receive the input using the Scanner object and

       //Store the entered number of weeks in variable nw

       int nw = input.nextInt();

       //Prompt the user to enter the number of years

       System.out.println("Please enter the number of years");

       //Receive the input using the Scanner object and

       //Store the entered number of years in a variable ny

       int ny = input.nextInt();

       //Convert number of hours to minutes and

       //add the result to the nm variable

       nm += nh * 60;

       //Convert number of days to minutes and

       //add the result to the nm variable

       nm += nd * 24 * 60;

       //Convert number of weeks to minutes and

       //add the result to the nm variable

       nm += nw * 7 * 24 * 60;

       //Convert number of years to minutes and

       //add the result to the nm variable

       nm += ny * 52 * 7 * 24 * 60;

       //Display the number of minutes which is stored in nm

       System.out.println("The number of minutes is " + nm);

    }   //End main method

}  //End of class definition

Please enter the number of hours

>>12

Please enter the number of days

>>2

Please enter the number of weeks

>>4

Please enter the number of years

>>5

The number of minutes is 2664720

The code contains comments explaining every line of the program. Please go through the comments. The actual lines of executable code are written in bold face to distinguish them from comments.

A sample output has also been provided above. Also, a snapshot of the program file, showing the well-formatted code, has been attached to this response.

Answer:

A printer is connected locally on Computer1 and is shared on the network. Computer2 installs the shared printer and connects to it. Computer1 considers the printer to be a(n) _____local___________ printer, and Computer2 considers the printer to be a(n) _____network___________ printer.

Explanation:

Any printer installed directly to Computer 1 is a local printer.  If this printer is then shared with computers 2 and 3 in a particular networked environment, it becomes a shared printer.  For these other computers 2 and 3, the shared printer is a network printer, because it is not locally installed in each of them.  There may be some features which network computers cannot use on a shared printer, especially if the printer can scan documents.

Answer and Explanation:

"The inquiry as presented is not necessarily responsible. A word has been states as 32-bit. We need to ask if the frame is "byte-addressable" (From this we can access to get an 8-bit piece of information) or "text-addressable" (the smallest open lump is 32-bit) or maybe "half-word-addressable" (the tiny bundle of information it could reach to 16-bit).

To understand what the smallest request bit of a position is to let anyone know, you have to remember this.

You operate from base up at that stage. We will agree with the byte-addressable structure. Every reserved square at a certain point contains 8 words * (4 bytes/word) = 32 = 25 bytes, so the counterbalance seems to be 5 bits.

The history in a direct-mapped stored is the squares in reserves (12 bits for this position due to 212 = 4096). at a certain point, as you have seen, the tag is also one of the bits left behind.

As the reserve becomes increasingly cooperative. And a similar size remains. These are lesser bits on the list and more bits on the mark.'

Answer:

The programming language is not stated (I'll answer using C++)

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int convert(float miles)

{

   return miles * 5280;

}

int main() {

   cout<<"Console:"<<endl;

   cout<<"Hike Calculator"<<endl;

   float miles;

   char response;

   cout<<"How many miles did you walk?. ";

   cin>>miles;

   cout<<"You walked "<<convert(miles)<<" feet"<<endl;

   cout<<"Continue? (y/n): ";

   cin>>response;

   while(response == 'y')

   {

   cout<<"How many miles did you walk?. ";

   cin>>miles;

   cout<<"You walked "<<convert(miles)<<" feet"<<endl;

   cout<<"Continue? (y/n): ";

   cin>>response;

   }

   cout<<"Bye!";

   return 0;

}

Explanation:

Here, I'll explain some difficult lines (one after the other)

The italicized represents the function that returns the number of feet

int convert(float miles)

{

   return miles * 5280;

}

The main method starts here

int main() {

The next two lines gives an info about the program

   cout<<"Console:"<<endl;

   cout<<"Hike Calculator"<<endl;

   float miles;

   char response;

This line prompts user for number of miles

   cout<<"How many miles did you walk?. ";

   cin>>miles;

This line calls the function that converts miles to feet and prints the feet equivalent of miles

   cout<<"You walked "<<convert(miles)<<" feet"<<endl;

This line prompts user for another conversion

   cout<<"Continue? (y/n): ";

   cin>>response;

This is an iteration that repeats its execution as long as user continue input y as response

   while(response == 'y')

   {

   cout<<"How many miles did you walk?. ";

   cin>>miles;

   cout<<"You walked "<<convert(miles)<<" feet"<<endl;

   cout<<"Continue? (y/n): ";

   cin>>response;

   }

   cout<<"Bye!";

Answer:

x1 = 39

x2 = 400

x3 = 92

x4 = 62

x5 = 0

Explanation:

This statement calls the f() function passing 2 to the function. The f(x) function takes a number x as parameter and returns the following:

g(x) + math.sqrt(h(x))

This again calls function g() and h()  

The above statement calls g() passing x i.e. 2 to the function g(x) and calls function h() passing x i.e. 2 to h() and the result is computed by adding the value returned by g() to the square root of the value returned by the h() method.

The g(x) function takes a number x as parameter and returns the following:

return 4*h(x)

The above statement calls function h() by passing value 2 to h() and the result is computed by multiplying 4 with the value returned by h().

The h(x) function takes a number x as parameter and returns the following:

return x*x + k(x)-1

The above statement calls function k() by passing value 2 to k() and the result is computed by subtracting 1 from the value returned by k() and adding the result of x*x (2*2) to this.

The k(x) function takes a number x as parameter and returns the following:

return 2 * (x + 1)

As the value of x=2 So

2*(2+1) = 2*(3) = 6

So the value returned by k(x) is 6

Now lets go back to the function h(x)

return x*x + k(x)-1

x = 2

k(x) = 6

So

x*x + k(x)-1 = 2*2 + (6-1) = 4 + 5 = 9

Now lets go back to the function g(x)

return 4*h(x)

As x = 2

h(x) = 9

So

4*h(x)  = 4*9 = 36

Now lets go back to function f(x)

return g(x) + math.sqrt(h(x))

As x=2

g(x) = 36

h(x) = 9

g(x) + math.sqrt(h(x))  = 36 + math.sqrt(9)

                                  = 36 + 3 = 39

Hence

The above statement means that first the function g() calls function h() and function h() is passed a value i.e 2.

As x=2

The function k() returns:

2 * (x + 1)   = 2 * (2 + 1) = 6

The function h() returns:

x*x + k(x)-1 = 2*2 + (6-1) = 4 + 5 = 9

Now The function g() returns:

4 * h(x)  = 4 * h(9)

This method again calls h() and function h() calls k(). The function k() returns:

2 * (x + 1)   = 2 * (9 + 1) = 20

Now The function h() returns:

x*x + k(x)-1 = 9*9 + (20-1) = 81 + 19 = 100

h(9) = 100

Now The function g() returns:

4 * h(x)  = 4 * h(9) = 4 * 100 = 400

Hence

g() returns:

return 4 h(x)

h() returns:

return x*x + k(x)-1

k(2) returns:

return 2 (x + 1)

          = 2 ( 3 ) = 6

Now going back to h(2)

x * x + k(x)-1  = 2*2 + 6 - 1 = 9

Now going back to g(2)

4 h(x)  = 4 * 9 = 36

So k(g(2) + h(2)) becomes:

   k(9 + 36 )

    k(45)

Now going to k():

return 2 (x + 1)

2 (x + 1)   = 2(45 + 1)

             = 2(46)

             = 92

So k(g(2) + h(2)) = 92

Hence

Compute f(0)

f() returns:

return g(0) + math.sqrt(h(0))

f() calls g() and h()

g() returns:

return 4 * h(0)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 0*0 + k(0)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (0 + 1)

2 * (0 + 1)  = 2

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(0)

0*0 + k(0)-1  = 2 - 1 = 1

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(0)

4 * h(0)  = 4 * 1 = 4

Going back to caller function f()

compute f(0)

g(0) + math.sqrt(h(0))  = 4 + 1 = 5

f(0) = 5

Compute f(1)

f() returns:

return g(1) + math.sqrt(h(1))

f() calls g() and h()

g() returns:

return 4 * h(1)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(1)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (1 + 1)

2 * (1 + 1)  = 4

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(0)

1*1 + k(1)-1  = 1 + 4 - 1 = 4

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(1)

4 * h(1)  = 4 * 4 = 16

Going back to caller function f()

compute f(1)

g(1) + math.sqrt(h(1))  = 16 + 2 = 18

f(1) = 18

Compute f(2)

f() returns:

return g(2) + math.sqrt(h(2))

f() calls g() and h()

g() returns:

return 4 * h(2)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(2)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (2+1)

2 * (3)  = 6

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(2)

2*2 + k(2)-1  = 4 + 6 - 1 = 9

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(2)

4 * h(2)  = 4 * 9 = 36

Going back to caller function f()

compute f(2)

g(2) + math.sqrt(h(2))  = 36 +3 = 39

f(1) = 13.7

Now

x4 = f(0) + f(l) + f(2)

    = 5 + 18 + 39

    = 62

Hence  

Compute f(-1)

f() returns:

return g(-1) + math.sqrt(h(-1))

f() calls g() and h()

g() returns:

return 4 * h(-1)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(-1)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (-1+1)

2 * (0)  = 0

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(-1)

-1*-1 + k(-1)-1  = 1 + 0 - 1 = 0

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(-1)

4 * h(-1)  = 4 * 0 = 0

Going back to caller function f()

compute f(-1)

g(-1) + math.sqrt(h(-1))  = 0

f(-1) = 0

Compute g(-1)

g() returns:

return 4 * h(-1)

g() calls h()

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(-1)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (-1+1)

2 * (0)  = 0

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(-1)

-1*-1 + k(-1)-1  = 1 + 0 - 1 = 0

Going back to caller function g()

Compute g(-1)

4 * h(-1)  = 4 * 0 = 0

g(-1) = 0

Compute h(-1)

h() returns

return 1*1 + k(-1)-1

h() calls k()

k() returns:

return 2 * (-1+1)

2 * (0)  = 0

Going back to caller function h()

Compute h(-1)

-1*-1 + k(-1)-1  = 1 + 0 - 1 = 0

h(-1) = 0

Compute k(-1)

k() returns:

return 2 (x + 1)

k(-1) = 2 ( -1 + 1 ) = 2 ( 0 ) = 0

k(-1) = 0

x5 = f(-1) + g(-1) + h(-1) + k(-1)

    = 0  + 0 + 0 + 0

    = 0

Hence

Answer:

Option D, all of the above, is the right answer.

Explanation:

A Boolean expression is an expression in Computer Science. It is employed in programming languages that create a Boolean value when it is evaluated. There may be a true or false Boolean value. These expressions correspond to propositional formularies in logic. In Boolean expression, the  expression 3 > 5 is evaluated as false while  5 > 3 is evaluated as true

Boolean expressions control  all of the above method execution and as such option d is correct.

A Boolean expression is known to be a kind of logical statement that is said to be one of the two options that is it can be TRUE or FALSE .

Conclusively, Note that Boolean expressions are used to compare two or more data of any type only if  both parts of the expression have equal basic data type.  Boolean expressions control recursion, conditional execution and alternative execution.

Learn ore about Boolean expressions from

https://brainly.com/question/25039269

Answer:

Subject line

Explanation:

Editing the subject line is very important so as to enable the recipient know the source of received the message (document).

For example, if a remote team working on a project called Project X receives a shared document by one member of team, we would expect the subject line of the email to be– Project X document. By so doing the legitimacy of the email is easily verified.

This question is incomplete because the options are missing; here are the options for this question:

Which of the following is the most effective way for Velma to save money each month?

A. Automatically reroute a portion of her paycheck to her savings account.

B. Manually deposit 10% of her paycheck in her savings account.

C. Pay all of her bills and then place the remaining money in her savings account.

D. Pay all of her bills and then place the remaining money in her piggy bank.

The correct answer to this question is A. Automatically reroute a portion of her paycheck to her savings account.

Explanation:

In this case, Velma needs to consistently save money for her vacation as this guarantees she will have the money for the trip. This means it is ideal every month she contributes consistently to her savings for the vacation.

This can be better be achieved by automatically rerouting a part of her paycheck for this purpose (Option A) because in this way, every month the money for the vacations will increase and the amount of money will be consistent, which means Velma will know beforehand the money she will have for the vacation. Moreover, options such as using a piggy bank or paying the bills and using the rest for her savings, do not guarantee she will contribute to the savings every month, or she will have the money she needs at the end.

Answer:

I am writing a Python program. Let me know if you want the program in some other programming language.        

import string  #to use string related functions

def wordcount(filename):  # function that takes a text file name as parameter and returns the number of occurrences of every word in file

   file = open(filename, "r")  # open the file in read mode

   wc = dict()  # creates a dictionary

   for sentence in file:  # loop through each line of the file

       sentence = sentence.strip()  #returns the text, removing empty spaces

       sentence=sentence.lower() #converts each line to lowercase to avoid case sensitivity

       sentence = sentence.translate(sentence.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation))  #removes punctuation from every line of the text file

       words = sentence.split(" ")  # split the lines into a list of words

       for word in words:  #loops through each word of the file

           if len(word)>2:  #checks if the length of the word is greater than 2

               if word in wc:  # if the word is already in dictionary

                   wc[word] = wc[word] + 1  #if the word is already present in dict wc then add 1 to the count of that word

               else:  #if the word is not already present

                   wc[word] = 1  # word is added to the wc dict and assign 1 to the count of that word                

   for w in list(wc.keys()):  #prints the list of words and their number of occurrences

       print(w, wc[w])  #prints word: occurrences in key:value format of dict        

wordcount("file.txt") #calls wordcount method and passes name of the file to that method

Explanation:

The program has a function wordcount that takes the name of a text file (filename) as parameter.

open() method is used to open the file in read mode. "r" represents the mode and it means read mode. Then a dictionary is created and named as wc. The first for loop, iterates through each line (sentence) of the text file. strip() method is used to remove extra empty spaces or new line character from each sentence of the file, then each sentence is converted to lower case using lower() method to avoid case sensitivity. Now the words "hello" and "Hello" are treated as the same word.

sentence = sentence.translate(sentence.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation))  statement uses two methods i.e. maketrans() and translate(). maketrans() specifies the punctuation characters that are to be deleted from the sentences and returns a translation table. translate() method uses the table that maketrans() returns in order to replace a character to its mapped character and returns the lines of text file after performing these translations.

Next the split() method is used to break these sentences into a list of words. Second for loop iterates through each word of the text file. As its given to ignore words of length 2 or less, so an IF statement is used to check if the length of word is greater than 2. If this statement evaluates to true then next statement: if word in wc:   is executed which checks if the word is already present in dictionary. If this statement evaluates to true then 1 is added to the count of that word. If the word is not already present  then the word is added to the wc dictionary and 1 s assigned to the count of that word.

Next the words along with their occurrences is printed. The program and its output are attached as screenshot. Since the frankenstein.txt' is not provided so I am using my own text file.

Answer:

Following are the code to this question:

Defining method shiftLeft:

def shiftLeft(bit_string): #defining method shiftLeft, that accepts parameter bit_string

   bit_string= bit_string[1:]+bit_string[0]#use bit_string to provide slicing

   return bit_string#return bit_string value

bit_string =input("Enter value: ")#defining bit_string variable for user input

print (shiftLeft(bit_string))#use print method to call shiftLeft method

Defining method shiftRight:

def shiftRight(bit_string):#defining method shiftRight, which accepts bit_string variable

bit_string=bit_string[len(bit_string)-1]+bit_string[0:len(bit_string)-1]#using bit_string variable for slicing

   return bit_string#return bit_string calculated value

bit_string= input("Enter value: ")#defining bit_string variable for user input

print(shiftRight(bit_string))#use print method to call shiftLeft method

Output:

Please find the attachment.

Explanation:

method description:

Answer:

A. True

Explanation:

Radio frequency interference abbreviated RFI is radio interference that occurs as a result of radiation in radio frequency energy that usually causes electronic devices to malfunction. Radio frequency interference or RFI is given out or emitted by electrical devices or centres such as mobile phones, satellites or data centres which affects the environment by increasing heat and bringing about increased body temperature in humans

Answer:

Because your movements, expressions, and posture are also a type of communication

Explanation: