1. Metabolic pathways Metabolism of ketone bodies involves several different pathways, such as the production of glucose (gluconeogenesis), the oxidation of fatty acid, and the citric acid cycle. All of these pathways are part of energy metabolism, which is composed of reactions involved in generating or storing metabolic energy. There are two major divisions in metabolism:
1. processes in which complex substances are degraded to simpler molecules accompanied by the net release of chemical energy and
2. processes concerned primarily with the synthesis of complex organic molecules, which requires a net input of chemical energy.
Some pathways, such as the citric acid cycle, can serve in both functions. Oxaloacetate is an important intermediate in several of these pathways, especially the citric acid cycle. Depleted oxaloacetate, just like other citric acid cycle intermediates, has to be replenished to maintain flux through the cycle. Separate metabolic pathways serve this purpose by balancing the flow of carbon in and out of the cycle. Define the major metabolic pathways by completing the sentences. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
a. catabolic
b. anabolic
c. anaplerotic
d. amphibolic
1. A(n)____process is the process in which complex biomolecules are built up from simpler.
2. The____pathway involves both catabolic and anabolic processes.
3. A(n)____process is the process that replenishes the stores of citric acid cycle intermediates.
4. A(n)____process is the process by which complex molecules are broken down to simpler ones.
2. Identify the reactants and products of the citrate synthase reaction in Step 1 of the citric acid cycle. Drag the appropriate participants to their respective bins.
a. acetyl-CoA
b. citrate
c. heat
d. CoA-SH
e. oxaloacetate
1. Reactants
2. Products
3. Neither
3. Mechanism for elevated ketone formation
After analyzing the role of oxaloacetate in the first step of the citric acid cycle and formation reactions of ketone bodies above, your research group proposed several possible mechanisms for increased ketone bodies levels when oxaloacetate is depleted. Based on the information about ketone body synthesis, predict which possibility is the most reasonable.
A. Another molecule (unknown at this point) reacts with available acetyl-CoA to form acetone, one of the ketone bodies.
B. Lack of oxaloacetate frees the enzyme, citrate synthase, to be diverted to catalyze the formation of the ketone bodies.
C. Oxaloacetate is unavailable to react with acetyl-CoA, resulting in acetyl-CoA being converted into acetoacetate, one of the ketone bodies.
D. Oxaloacetate is an inhibitor of the enzyme catalyzing ketone body formation, thiolase; a lack of oxaloacetate activates the enzyme and increases the production of the ketone bodies.
4. Replenish oxalate in animals
What enzyme catalyzes the reversible, biotin-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to give oxaloacetate in animals?
a. pyruvate carboxylase.
b. phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.
c. malate dehydrogenase.
d. phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1. anabolic, amphibolic, anaplerotic and catabolic.

2. acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate---- reactants

citrate, CoA-SH and heat -------products

4a. pyruvate carboxylase.

Explanation:

An anabolic process is a type of process in which complex biomolecules are formed from simpler molecules.  The amphibolic pathway is a biochemical pathway that consists of both catabolic and anabolic processes.  An anaplerotic process is a type of process that replenishes the stores of citric acid cycle intermediates.  A catabolic process is the process by which complex molecules are broken down to simpler ones.

acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate are the reactants whereas citrate, CoA-SH and heat are the products of citrate synthase reaction of the citric acid cycle.

Pyruvate carboxylase is an enzyme catalyzes and conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate.


Related Questions

Given the size of the coquí, what is surprising about its call

Answers

Answer:

its the loud sound the males make at night.

Explanation:

the sound has two purposes the scream CO to repel males while KEE to find mates

Give an example of
how radiation is
transformed into
other forms of
energy.
help me

Answers

Answer:

Radio waves. Electricity. A surface heated by the sun converts the energy of the light into infrared energy which is a form of radiant energy.

Explanation:

;P

The difference in the chromosome arrangement during meiosis in the metaphase plate can lead to greater genetic diversity in a population. Explain your answer

Answers

Explanation:

Like mitosis, meiosis is a form of eukaryotic cell division. However, these two processes distribute genetic material among the resulting daughter cells in very different ways. Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells that each contain the same number of chromosomes as their parent cell. In contrast, meiosis gives rise to four unique daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Because meiosis creates cells that are destined to become gametes (or reproductive cells), this reduction in chromosome number is critical — without it, the union of two gametes during fertilization would result in offspring with twice the normal number of chromosomes!

Apart from this reduction in chromosome number, meiosis differs from mitosis in yet another way. Specifically, meiosis creates new combinations of genetic material in each of the four daughter cells. These new combinations result from the exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes. Such exchange means that the gametes produced through meiosis exhibit an amazing range of genetic variation.

Finally, unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two rounds of nuclear division, not just one. Despite this fact, many of the other events of meiosis are similar to those that occur in mitosis. For example, prior to undergoing meiosis, a cell goes through an interphase period in which it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and checks all of its systems to ensure that it is ready to divide. Like mitosis, meiosis also has distinct stages called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. A key difference, however, is that during meiosis, each of these phases occurs twice — once during the first round of division, called meiosis I, and again during the second round of division, called meiosis II.

what are the interactions between atoms that are hydrolyzed by fungi to release nitrogen from these molecules?

Answers

A small amount of nitrogen is fixed by lightning, but most of the nitrogen harvested from the atmosphere is removed by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria (formerly called blue-green algae). The nitrogen cycle transforms diatomic nitrogen gas into ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite compounds.

Please answer quickly

Answers

Answer:

which one is it 9 42 or 12?

Help 7 grade science

Answers

Answer:

rotifer

Explanation:

An omnivore feeds on both plants and animals. I'm this food web the rotifer is eaten by the copopod. The copepod feeds on golden algae (plant) and rotifer (animal), which makes it an omnivore. As such, the correct answer is rotifer because it is feed on by the omnivore, copepod.

How can embryos be more useful than adults to show evolutionary relationships among organisms?
Select one:

Related organisms always appear identical in embryonic stages.

Adults may have mutations that are not found in embryos.

Evolutionary relationships are more easily observed in more simple organisms.

Features found in embryos may not be found in adults.

Answers

Answer:

Related organisms always appear identical in embryonic stages.

Explanation:

Embryos of organisms that have a closer genetic relationship to one another tend to look similar for a longer period of time since they share a more recent common ancestor. Thus, embryology is frequently used as evidence of the theory of evolution and the radiation of species from a common ancestor.

Which of the following does NOT provide evidence of the theory of evolution?

a. homologous structures
b. fossil records
c. biochemical evidence
d. analogous structures
e. embryology

Answers

Answer:

homologous structures

Analogous structures are different species that are similar in function but not in structure and which do not from a common ancestral feature.

What is evolution and examples?

A person modifying their opinions about a social issue after living in a seprate part of the world for a period and meeting others who differ.

Natural selection in association hat indicates the economic or social success of people who are more powerful or Comptent than others.is

Thus, option "D" is correct, Analogous structures are different species that are similar in function.

To learn more about evolution click here:

https://brainly.com/question/13492988

can somebody please help me?

Answers

Answer:

100% of the offspring would be black fur, black eyes (16/16)

Explanation:

(Because the info. wasn't included here, I'm assuming black fur and black eyes are dominant, BBEE, to the recessive white fur and red eyes, bbee)

For BBEE x bbee, you'd create a typical dihybrid true-breeding punnett square , where the first top row would be BE , BE, BE , BE , and the vertical/side row would be be, be, be, be.

Cross these alleles as you would typically for any punnett square, and you'd see that all the offpsring would result in BbEe genotypes, which is true of any true-breeding dominant x recessive cross, which always results in the dominant phenotype being 100%.

So...

Black Fur and Black Eyes : 16/16 (100%)

Black Fur and Red Eyes: 0/16

White Fur and Black Eyes: 0/16

White Fur and Red Eyes: 0/16

The benefit of social behavior that refers to searching for and collecting food is referred to as .

Answers

Answer:

Ngl bro i like your pfp, its fire

Answer:

Foraging

Explanation:

g Neuron A and neuron B interact with neuron C. Neuron A will produce an IPSP of -2mV in neuron C; neuron B produce an EPSP of 3mV in neuron C. The resting membrane potential is -70mV and the threshold is -50mV. Neuron A fires 6 times rapidly at the same time that neuron B fires 4 times rapidly. What is the resulting membrane potential in neuron C

Answers

Answer:

-70 mV

Explanation:

Given that Neuron A and Neuron B interact with Neuron C

Neuron A produces ; - 2mV of IPSP  and fires 6 times

Neuron B produces ; 3mV of EPSP and fires 4 times

Resting potential = - 70mV

threshold = - 50mV

The resulting membrane potential in neuron C

= -70 + 6(-2) + 4(3)

= -70 - 12 + 12  = -70 mV

Describe early land plants

Answers

Answer:

The following seems to be a summarization of the topics.

Explanation:

Not too far from the rich water supply or water bodies can early soil vegetation or flora persist, is considered as early land plants.Throughout history, land organisms have different ways of surviving with rising drought, our rocky earthly environment is turned into such an environment of multilayered sediments as well as varied biotic organisms.

Alleles are represented by using letters. A dominant gene is
represented by what kinds of letters? Capital or small letters?

Answers

Answer:

Capital

- Refer to the basic theory in genetics.

What is the term for the absolute worst type of inflation, where prices skyrocket out of control and a nation's economy becomes at risk of collapse?

Answers

Answer:

Hyperinflation is a term to describe rapid, excessive, and out-of-control general price increases in an economy.

Explanation:

What did fungi diverge from?

Answers

Hopes this helps:

Answer: In 1998 scientists discovered that fungi split from animals about 1.538 billion years ago, whereas plants split from animals about 1.547 billion years ago. This means fungi split from animals 9 million years after plants did, in which case fungi are actually more closely related to animals than to plants.

Have a great day.

01:46:45
Which statement correctly describes a feature of the rock cycle?
O Rocks are preserved through the process.
O Rocks change from one type to another.
O Different rock groups are not related to one another.
O Rocks change from one type to another in a specific order.

Answers

Answer:

The correct description of a feature of the rock cycle is:

O Rocks change from one type to another.

Explanation:

Sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks are the three main rock types.  Together, they form the universal rock cycle.  A sedimentary rock, for example, can change from its known state to another state by passing through crystallization, metamorphism, erosion, and sedimentation.  There are no specific orders for the change.  The processes that they pass through determine the resulting type.

Answer:

Rocks change from one type to another.

Explanation:

What types of regulations are designed to bring awareness to and reduce the amount of air pollution?


clean air acts

industry regulation acts

pollution for the people acts

water pollution controls

Answers

the clean air acts im pretty sure

Answer:

clean air acts

Explanation:

birth defects due to radiation are a concern also. why is a fetus especially at risk?​

Answers

a fetus is especially at risk because they are under developed and easily susceptible to sicknesses or radiation

Of the babies that survive, however, few will have birth defects related to the exposure, regardless of how much radiation they were exposed to. Large radiation doses to the fetus during the more sensitive stages of development (between weeks 2 and 18 of pregnancy) can cause birth defects, especially to the brain.

HOPE THAT HELPED :)

MARK ME BRAINLIEST PLEASE

Factorise completely pq - q?​

Answers

Explanation:

q(p-1) is the factorization of pq- q.

Help with this??
Aaaaaaa

Answers

Answer and Explanation

25%

Answer:

25%

Explanation:

sorry

Which of the following will most likely result if all of the primary consumers are removed from this ecosystem?

Answers

Answer:

Secondary consumers will lower in numbers and the producers (plants) will be overabundant.

Explanation:

Okay so secondary consumers eat the primary consumers and the primary consumers eat the producers (plants). If there are no primary consumers, there is no one eating the plants which will lead to the producer population growing because there's less stopping them from growing in numbers. The secondary consumers will be in trouble because the secondary consumers don't eat plants. If there are no primary consumers, the secondary consumers won't be able to eat and the numbers of secondary consumers will decrease.

a lot more prodcers

Explanation:

The Barton Springs salamander is an endangered species found only in a single spring in the city of Austin, Texas. There is growing concern that a chemical spill on a nearby freeway could pollute the spring and wipe out the species. To provide a source of salamanders to repopulate the spring in the event of such a catastrophe, a proposal has been made to establish a captive breeding population of the salamander in a local zoo. Suppose you are asked to provide a plan for establishing this captive breeding population, with the goal of maintaining as much of the genetic variation of the species as possible in the captive population.
What factors are likely to lead to a loss of genetic variation in the captive population?
a. increased rate of mutation
b. a founder effect
c. reduced genetic drift over time
d. a lack of inbreeding
What strategy would likely be effective in mitigating the loss of genetic variation in the captive population? a. keeping the sex ratio as close to 50:50 as possible
b. stopping gene flow to and from the captive population
c. regularly mating individuals that are related
d. keeping the captive population as small as possible

Answers

Answer:

1. b. a founder effect

2. a. keeping the sex ratio as close to 50:50 as possible

Explanation:

The founder effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a small subset of individuals split from a larger population in order to establish a new colony. The founder effect is known to cause a reduction in genetic variation of the colony due to genetic drift, i.e., due to the random sampling of the individuals that form the colony (which doesn't reflect the total genetic diversity of the original population). Moreover, the sex ratio refers to the proportion of males to females in a population. When establishing a captive population, it is recommended to maintain a sex ratio as close to 50:50 as possible because it reduces inbreeding, and thereby mitigating the loss of genetic variation. In some populations, it has been proposed that a 50:50 sex-ratio might also increase the competition between males, which is believed to be fundamental for maintaining a healthy genetic structure of the population.

Humans and baboon have noses with nostrils that face downward, but many other primates have noses with nostrils that face out to the sides. Humans and baboons are also more closely related to each other than they are to primates with outward-facing nostrils. Therefore, the fact that both humans and baboons share the downward-facing nostril orientation is an example of

Answers

Answer:

a shared derived trait.

Explanation:

Genetics can be defined as the scientific study of hereditary in living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.

Simply stated, a trait refers to the specific features or characteristics possessed by a living organism. It is essentially transferred from the parent of a living organism to her offspring and as such distinguishes him or her.

Heredity refers to the transfer of traits (specific characteristics) from the parent of a living organism to her offspring through sexual reproduction or asexual production. Some examples of hereditary traits are dimples, tongue rolling, baldness, weight, handedness, freckles, curly hair, hair color, blindness, complexion, height, etc.

All humans and baboons are created having noses with nostrils underneath i.e facing downwards but other primates such as platyrrhines have their nostrils facing sideways (face out to the side). Also, humans and baboons shared close similarities with each other when compared than they share with the primates having a outward-facing nostrils.

This ultimately implies that, both humans and baboons sharing the downward-facing nostril orientation is an example of a shared derived trait.

A shared derived trait can be defined as a trait or characteristic that is shared between two lineages and subsequently evolves leading up to a clade, which is a distinguishing feature from other species.

How did Mendel solve the problem of always observing the same traits in his experiments?

Answers

By doing different things in his experiment

Which of the following is an abiotic factor in a biome

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation: Abiotic means non living so Wind, sunlight, soil, temperature, atmosphere, and water.

Abiotic is non-living so I think it’s C.

PLEASE HELP! Scientists performed studies on mussels and clams. They placed these different species in fresh water that had contaminants commonly found in agricultural runoff and human and animal waste. Within a few days, the mussels and clams had removed the majority of the contaminants. How do these findings relate to ecosystem services in natural environments?

A.
Introducing new species of mussels and clams will help reduce erosion and runoff into rivers.

B.
Increasing the biodiversity of mussels and clams in freshwater ecosystems will improve water quality.

C.
Growing mussels and clams in rivers will provide humans with a steady source of food.

D.
Using a single species of mussel or clam will remove greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere.

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

biodiversity means increase value or increase the amount of mussels and clams in rivers to increase water quality

How did the development of sexual reproduction affect evolutionary change?

Answers

500 million for the first picture and for the text i guess it evolved physical reproductive body cells and parts that makes sexual reproduction change as itself as well as birth due to not only human nature but man made things as well, example: hospitals, medicine, chemicals, etc.

Can someone tell me if this is correct I need help with the percentage

Answers

Answer:

Hand = 75%

No hand = 25%

Explanation:

It's the same thing as last time. Since 3 of them are heterozygous and have 1 dominant allele, they have the dominant trait. And since one of them only has recessive alleles then it should have the recessive traits.

So the hand should have 75% and no hand has 25%.

( I saw someone else just post a link so I answered it in that question box, but it got deleted so i'm just writing it out here ig)

A diet that is mainly based on unrefined whole grain, fruits, vegetables, other plant products, though may contain small amounts of animal-derived foods,
can be called all of these except for which?
Select one:
a. Prudent diet

b. Healthy diet
C. Plant-based diet
D.Western diet

Answers

Answer:

Healthy diet

Explanation:

all of those have vitamins and they provide us energy

Answer:

b. healthy diet

Explanation:

Because vegetables , fruits and other plant products are vitamins.

According to the diagram how are the three components
of a nucleotide important to the structure of DNA?

Answers

Answer:

A nucleotide of DNA is made up of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.

The phosphate group linked with deoxyribose sugar to make the framework for the nitrogenous bases. The phosphate group and sugar molecule make the DNA backbone and support it. These backbones hold nitrogenous bases and make a monomer of DNA. Nitrogenous bases make DNA stable and hold both backbones together. These bases also make DNA functional.

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