Sodium, oxygen, with phosphorus combine to generate the monoatomic substances Na2O (sodium oxide), Na3P (sodium phosphide), Na3PO3 (sodium phosphite), and Na3PO4 (sodium phosphate).
What does phosphorus do in the human body?All tissues and cells require phosphorus for their growth, upkeep, and repair, as well as for the creation of DNA or RNA, the genetic building blocks. Additionally, other minerals and vitamins like vitamin D, thyroid, magnesium, and zinc need phosphorus to be balanced and used.
What does phosphorus do in the human body?Extra phosphorus alters the body in ways that cause calcium to be drawn from your bones, weakening them. Additionally, harmful calcium deposits in the heart, lungs, eyes, and blood vessels are caused by elevated phosphorus and calcium levels. With time
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how many grams of sodium cholide are thee in 55.0 ml of a 1.90 m aqueous solution of sodium chioride
The aqueous solution of sodium chloride is 56.9g
Reason:
Given:
Molarity = 1.9M,
Volume = 55 mL,
Molar Mass NaCl = 58.44 = [ 22.99 + 35.45 ], 1.9M means 1.9 moles in 1000 mL
55mL -> (1.9)(55/1000) = 0.1045
Mass in g = (58.44)(0.1045) = 6.10698
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from the gc data, assign the signals to 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1-butene. how were the assignments made?
A GC-MS generates three-dimensional data, including chromatograms that can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis, mass spectra that can be used for identity confirmation, unknown analyte identification, and structural and chemical property determination of molecules.
What do you learn from GC-MS data?The GCMS quantifies the amount of each chemical present in a sample by comparing it to a standard, which is a previously determined amount of the chemical that was also measured on the GCMS.
Each substance that is separated by the GC is represented by a peak on a graph called a chromatogram. The quantity of peaks indicates the quantity of separated compounds in the sample. The location of each peak displays the compound's retention time.
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Complete question is "from the gc data, assign the signals to 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1-butene. how were the assignments made?"
2-methyl-1-butene 1 1.548 95.9
2 4.54 4.1
2-methyl-2-butene 1 7.5 big, broad peak
. suppose 45.1 g of sulfuric acid is mixed with 47. g of sodium hydroxide. calculate the minimum mass of sulfuric acid that could be left over by the chemical reaction. round your answer to 2
the minimum mass of sulfuric acid that could be left over by the chemical reaction is 0.4608 mol.
How to calculate ?H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(s) ==> Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) ... balanced equation
Find the reactant that is the limit. Determine which is less by dividing the moles of each reactant by the corresponding coefficient in the balanced equation.
For H2SO4: 45.1 g H2SO4 x 1 mol H2SO4/98 g = 0.4602 mols (÷1>0.4602)
For NaOH: 47. g NaOH x 1 mol NaOH / 40. g = 1.175 mols (÷2->1.175)
Since 0.4602 is less than 1.175, H2SO4 is our limiting reactant, and the greatest amount of product that may be created will depend on the moles of H2SO4.
If the reaction is allowed to finish, there can be no more H2SO4 than a minimum mass of 0 grams. There shouldn't be any NaOH left over because it will run out before it is completely consumed.
That's a different matter if you meant to inquire about the smallest mass of NaOH that might possibly remain. In that scenario, you'll need to submit the problem again.
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Write the complete electron configuration of the nitrogen atom.
Answer: [He] 2s2 2p3
if an automobile air bag has a volume of 11.3 l , what mass of nan3 (in g ) is required to fully inflate the air bag upon impact? assume stp conditions.
The mass of nan3 (in g ) is required to fully inflate the air bag upon impact. The universal gas constant (R), temperature, and the number of moles of the gas (N) are all factors in the ideal gas equation that link the pressure (P) and volume (V) that a gas occupies (T).
PV= NRT
We get many significant inferences from this:
Volume changes in direct proportion to temperature for a given pressure.
Pressure fluctuates directly with temperature for a given volume.
We are given Volume of the airbag,
v=11.2 L
Let: The mass of NaN3 required be m grams
By balancing the decomposition of NaN3, we get:2NaN3s=2Na(s)+3N2(g)
Therefore, for 3 moles N2(g), we need 2 moles NaN3.
From the above, we can get the moles of
NaN3(s) needed for 1 mole of N2(g)
: n0=23 ........................(1)
At STP, the moles of gas required to fill the airbag will be: n1=11.3=22.4⟹n1=0.5044
By using relation (1), we can determine the moles of NaN3(required to produce 0.5044 moles of N2(g) to be: n2=n1×n0
Plugging in the known values we get: n2=0.5044×23⟹2=0.3362
The molecular weight of NaN3 is M=65g. Therefore, we can calculate the mass of, NaN3 to be m=M×n2, plugging in the values, we get:
m=65×0.3362⟹m=21.853g, Hence, we need 21.853 grams of
NaN3 to fill up a 11.3-liter airbag.
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Researchers investigated the influence of environmental pH on the activity of peroxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas. In an experiment, the researchers added a hydrogen peroxide solution containing guaiacol to several identical test tubes and adjusted the solution in each test tube to a different pH. The researchers included the guaiacol because it caused the solutions to change color as the reactions proceeded, which the researchers relied on for measuring reaction rates. Finally, the researchers added the same amount of peroxidase to each test tube and measured the rate of each reaction at 23°C. The results of the experiment are represented in Figure 1.
Based on Figure 1, which of the following statements best predicts the effect that a change from a moderately acidic environment (pH near 6) to a basic environment will have on peroxidase activity?
Peroxidase activity will decrease.
Peroxidase activity will decrease predicts the effect that a change from a moderately acidic environment (pH near 6) to a basic environment will have on peroxidase activity
An antioxidant enzyme class that has the ability to scavenge free radicals is glutathione peroxidase. This in turn aids in preventing lipid peroxidation and maintaining redox equilibrium as well as intracellular homeostasis [71].
The thyroid organs are the principal sites of expression for thyroid peroxidase, also known as thyroperoxidase (TPO). It is a sizable transmembrane glycoprotein that is found on the apical membrane of cells and has covalently attached hemoglobin (Gardas et al., 1999). Coffee's pH ranges from 4.85 to 5.10, which is considered acidic, as the brewing process releases acidic from the coffee beans.
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after studying how many different elements absorb x-rays, harry finds that the atomic number of the element is always proportional to the square root of the wavelength of x-rays absorbed by the element, an example of the kind of that in the late th and early th centuries hinted at the structure of the atom.
After studying many different elements absorb x-rays, harry finds that the atomic number of the element is always proportional to the square root of the wavelength of x-rays absorbed by the element, an example of the kind of law that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries hinted at the structure of the atom.
What does "wavelength" mean in chemistry?The distance in between given position and the identical point in the following wave cycle is known as the wavelength () in waves.
In chemistry, what do wavelength and frequency mean?The distance between two wave crests, which also applies to troughs, is known as the wavelength. The frequency is determined in cycles each second (Hz), which is the quantity of vibrations that cross a specific area in a second (Hertz). In this article, the relationship between frequency and the wavelength is covered.
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I understand the question you are looking for is :
After studying how many different elements absorb X-rays, Harry finds that the atomic number of the element is always proportional to the square root of the wavelength of X-rays absorbed by the element, an example of the kind of _____________ that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries hinted at the structure of the atom.
a reaction vessel contains5.50 g of co and 5.50g of o2. how many grams of co2 could be produced according to the following unbalanced reaction?
Grams of CO2 produced = 8.63 g
From the question, we have
5.50g of oxygen and 5.50g of co are present in the reaction vessel.
Moles of CO = 5.50 * 1/28.01
=0.196 moles
Moles of O2 = 5.50*1/15.99
= 0.344 moles
Moles of O2 required = 0.344/2 = 0.172 moles
Grams of CO2 produced = 0.196*44.01
=8.63 g
Equal numbers of atoms from various elements are present in both the reactants and the products in balanced chemical equations. Varied elements' atom counts in the reactants and products of unbalanced chemical equations are different. Unbalanced chemical equations are those that have an uneven number of atoms of one or more elements in the reactants and products.
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the curved arrow notation is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions. since each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates the bonds that are broken and formed in the reaction. consider the following reaction. use the curved arrows drawn in the reaction to draw the structure of x. x is converted in the following step to phenol and hcl.
When a compound's qualities cannot be fully explained by a single structure, we require more structures. These additional structures are known as resonance structures, and the phenomenon they describe is known as resonance.
Resonance is the term used to describe the phenomena of enhanced amplitude that happens when the frequency of a periodic force is applied (or a Fourier component of it) is equal to or nearly equal to the natural frequency of the system on which it works. In contrast to when the same oscillating force is applied at other, non-resonant frequencies, a dynamic system will oscillate at a higher amplitude when the oscillating force is applied at its resonant frequency.
Resonant frequencies or resonance frequencies of the system are frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum. Small periodic forces that are close to a resonant frequency of the system can produce large amplitude oscillations in the system due to the storage of vibrational energy.
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compare the structures of cellulose and amylose. what is the same about the two figures? what is different? what stabilizes these structures
They both lack branching chains. They are carbohydrate linear polymers connected by 1,4 links. Both of them are sophisticated polysaccharides. Cellulose creates long, chains, whereas Starch is shaped like a helix.
What purpose does cellulose serve?Paper, board, including textile made from cotton, flax, and other plant fibers mostly consist of cellulose. Additionally, it is employed in the creation of cellulose derivatives, films, and fibers.
What foods have a high cellulose content?Vegetables with roots and leaves, beans, and also some fruits like pears and apples all contain significant amounts of cellulose. Fruits, especially berries and peaches, have the highest lignin concentration, whereas apples and citrus fruits have the highest pectin levels.
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consider three one-liter flasks labeled a, b, and c filled with the gases cl2, clo2, and cl2o, respectively, each at 1 atm and 273 K. In which flask do the molecules have the highest average kinetic energy?
Consider three one-liter flasks labeled a, b, and c filled with the gases Cl₂, ClO₂, and Cl₂O, each at 1 atm and 273 K. flask do the molecules have the highest average kinetic energy is all the flask molecules have highest average kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy expression is given as :
K.E = 3/2 K T
so, from the expression it is clear that the kinetic energy and the temperature of the gas particles are directly proportional to each other. the relation is given as :
K.E ∝ T
the temperature for all the three flasks are same so, all the three flask the molecules have the highest average kinetic energy.
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determine the michaelis constant, the maxmium velocity of the reaction, the turnover number and the catalytic efficiency
The substrate concentration at which a reaction progresses at half its maximum velocity is known as the Michaelis constant, or Km. The affinities are most precisely represented by this constant.
A high Michaelis constant: what does that mean?
The Michaelis constant is a measure of the substrate's affinity for the enzyme; a small value implies high affinity, suggesting that the rate will approach with lower than those processes with a higher value. Its value is numerically equivalent to the at which the reaction rate is at half-maximum.
The significance of a low Michaelis-Menten constant
The enzyme's affinity for the molecules of the substrate is represented by the Michaelis-Menten constant. Less substrate concentration will be required if the enzyme has a high affinity for the substrate.
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4. a plate has 259 colonies, with a sample volume of 10-6 ml. what was the original concentration in the sample?
The original concentration is 259,000,000=2.6 x 10-8.
OCD=CFU/original cell volume
259/10-6=259,000,000=2.6 x 10-8
Concentration is a totally commonplace idea utilized in chemistry and associated fields. It's far the degree of the way an awful lot of a given substance there may be combined with some other substance.
The concentration of an answer is the degree of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution. A concentrated solution is one that has a fantastically large amount of dissolved solute.
In chemistry, concentration refers to the quantity of a substance in a defined space. Any other definition is that attention is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or overall answer.
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jeremiah's parents are having a lot of difficulty with their 15-year-old son. he continually argues with them and tests their rules. a psychologist tells jeremiah's parents that his urge to rebel will probably as jeremiah reaches late adolescence.
Jeremiah's parents are having a lot of difficulty with their 15-year-old son. He continually argues with them and tests their rules. A psychologist tells Jeremiah's parents that his urge to rebel will probably decrease as Jeremiah reaches late adolescence.
Adolescent psychology seeks to understand teens and assist them in transitioning from childhood to adulthood. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, adolescence is a time of rapid development in five areas: moral, social, physical, cognitive, and emotional.
Adolescence, the years between puberty and adulthood, can be divided into three stages: early-adolescence (ages eleven to fourteen), middle-adolescence (ages fifteen to seventeen), and late-adolescence (ages eighteen to twenty-one).
Anyone who works or lives with teenagers will benefit from a course in adolescent psychology. Learn about the physical, psychological, and emotional changes that teenagers go through. Learn about the crises and challenges that adolescents face. Recognize social and moral development.
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Why is shampoo not harmful to hair but soap is? select all statements that apply.
It is acidic shampoo. Not basic, but in between acidic and neutral. Because basic shampoo would be harmful in this situation. The basic ph of soap is incorrect.
Shampoo or hair soap, which is worse for hair?Once or twice will not harm your hair when you wash it with soap, but frequent washings with bar soap can lead to serious issues including roughness and severe tangles. Choose a shampoo instead to clean your hair. Dry shampoo is an excellent option for your hair if you wish to forgo shampoo.
Does soap damage hair?You can wash your hair with soap, but if you're used to using liquid shampoo, the results will probably not be satisfactory.
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a novice scientist would like to test the solubility of an unknown compound. she adds a known amount of the compound to a test tube that holds 10 ml of water. she swirls the solution, mixing the substances together and places the test tube in a rack. a cloudy film begins to form near the bottom of the test tube. one possible conclusion might be that .
The conclusion that can be drawn from this experiment is that the unknown compound is soluble in water.
What is solubility?
The ability of the a substance, this same solute, to combine with another substance, this same solvent, is known as solubility in chemistry. Insolubility, or the solute's inability to create such a solution, is the opposite property. The concentration of a solute in a saturated solution—a solution where no more solute could be dissolved—is typically used to gauge the extent of a substance's solubility in a particular solvent. The two substances are thought to be just at solubility equilibrium at this time. There may not be a limit for some solutes and solvents, in which case the two are referred to as "miscible throughout all percentages" (or just "miscible").
The conclusion that can be drawn from this experiment is that the unknown compound is soluble in water. This can be seen from the cloudy film that has formed near the bottom of the test tube when the known amount of the compound was added to the water. This indicates that the compound has dissolved in the water, forming a solution.
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3
b Li + 0,₂ → Li₂O
2 how to balance
Answer:
4Li + O2 = 2Li2O
Explanation:
1. Label Each Compound With a Variable
Label each compound (reactant or product) in the equation with a variable to represent the unknown coefficients.
aLi + bO2 = cLi2O
2. Create a System of Equations
Create an equation for each element (Li, O) where each term represents the number of atoms of the element in each reactant or product.
Li: 1a + 0b = 2c
O: 0a + 2b = 1c
3. Solve For All Variables
Use substitution, gauss elimination, or a calculator to solve for each variable.
Simplify the result to get the lowest, whole integer values.
4. Substitute Coefficients and Verify Result
4Li + O2 = 2Li2O
Reactants Products
Li 4 4 ✔️
O 2 2 ✔️
Since there is an equal number of each element in the reactants and products of 4Li + O2 = 2Li2O, the equation is balanced.
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a rigid tank contains 1 kg propane at 500k, 1500 kpa. it is now cooled down to 300 k. find the ehat transfer and the change in entropy
the heat transfer and the change in entropy is −0.8868 kJ/K.
how to solve ?Ideal gas, constant volume so there is no work.
m (u₂ -u₁) = ₁Q₂ ₋ ₁w₂ = ₁Q₂
u₂ ₋ u₁ = Cv (T₂ ₋ T₁) = 1.736(300 - 500) = 347.2kJ/Kg
₁Q₂ = m (u₂ - u₁ ) = 1(-347.2) = -347.2kj
the change in s for an ideal gas v₂ = v₁ gives
m(s₂ - s₁ ) = m [Cv₀ In T₁/T₂ + R In T₂/T₁
= 1kg ˣ 1.736kj / kg - K In 300/500 = -0.8868kJ/K
What is a simple definition of entropy?the amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that cannot be used for productive work. Entropy is a measure of a system's molecular disorder or unpredictability since work is produced by organized molecular motion.
What does a negative change in entropy mean?Entropy is the amount of disorder in a system. Disorder is much more probable than order in a random system. So if entropy is the amount of disorder, negative entropy means something has less disorder, or more order.
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a-hawks
b-caterpillars
c-foxes
I'm pretty sure its b Caterpillars
what quantity of heat (in kj) will be released if 1.20 mol of sro is mixed with 0.951 mol of co₂ in the following chemical reaction? sro (s) co₂ (g) → srco₃ (s) ∆h°
In this case, we will calculate -222.53 kilojoules. The exchange of heat from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object is referred to as heat transfer.
How to solve?Complete question: How much heat will be released (∆H) if 1.20 mol of SrO is mixed with 0.951 mol of CO₂ in the following chemical reaction? SrO (s) + CO₂ (g) → SrCO₃ (s) ∆H° = -234 kJ/mol?
- 1 moles of SrO reacts with 1 mole of CO2,therefore,
1.20 mol of SrO should react with 0.951 x 1 =0.951 moles of CO2
SrO is limiting reagent and CO2 is excess reagent
1 moles of SrO releases -234 KJ/mol of energy
1.20 mole SrO will release -234KJ/mol x 0.951 = -222.53 KJ/mol of energy
Answer: -222.53 KJ/mol
What causes heat to be released?Heat is released during an exothermic reaction, raising the temperature of the immediate environment. The environment is cooled by an endothermic process that absorbs heat.
What is the heat transfer equation?The formula for heat transfer is Q=m.c.T, where Q is the amount of heat transmitted, m is the mass, c is the specific heat, and t is the temperature change.
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Phosphorus trichloride is used in the production of chemicals that keep plants from growing in a specific area. This compound is made of phosphorus and chlorine atoms. What two symbols would make up the chemical formula of this covalent compound? p and c p and cl pr and ce pr and cr.
Option b; Phosphorus trichloride is used in the production of chemicals that keep plants from growing in a specific area. This compound is made of phosphorus and chlorine atoms. Two symbols are p and cl.
An inorganic substance with the chemical formula PCl3 is phosphorus trichloride. It is a significant industrial chemical that is used to make phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. When pure, it is a colorless liquid. It is poisonous and easily combines with water to produce hydrogen chloride. Over one million tones are produced globally. Industrially, white phosphorus and chlorine are combined while utilizing phosphorus trichloride as a solvent to create phosphorus trichloride. In this ongoing procedure, PCl3 is eliminated as it forms to prevent the creation of PCl5. It is triangular and pyramidal in shape. Regarding a standard for phosphoric acid, its 31P NMR spectrum shows a singlet at about +220 ppm.
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Propose an efficient synthesis for the following transformation: The transformation above can be performed with some reagent or combination of the reagents listed below. Give the necessary reagent(s) in the correct order, as a string of letters (without spaces or punctuation, such as "EBF"). If there is more than one correct solution, provide just one answer.
The transformation can be performed using the reagents BF3 and E. The sequence of reagents should be BF3 followed by E. BF3 (Boron trifluoride) functions as a Lewis acid and can be used to activate an alkene to make it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. E (an electrophile) can then perform an electrophilic addition to the activated alkene to give the desired product.
The Role of BF3 and E in Electrophilic Addition ReactionsElectrophilic addition reactions are an important class of organic chemistry transformations that are used to convert alkenes into a variety of products. One common method of performing these reactions is to use the reagents Boron trifluoride (BF3) and an electrophile (E). The use of these two reagents in tandem allows for the efficient synthesis of a variety of products from simple alkenes.
BF3 is a Lewis acid, meaning that it can activate an alkene by forming a coordinate bond with the double bond. This results in the formation of an intermediate with a partially positive partial charge on the carbon atom, making it more suitable for electrophilic attack. The electrophile (E) is then able to attack the partially positive carbon atom and form a new carbon-carbon bond. This results in the desired product.
In summary, the reagents BF3 and E can be used in tandem to efficiently synthesize a variety of products from simple alkenes. BF3 activates the alkene, making it more suitable for attack by the electrophile, and the electrophile can then perform the desired electrophilic addition reaction. This method of synthesis is highly efficient and has become a common tool in organic chemistry.
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write the symbol for the ion of each element. classify the ion as an anion or a cation, and name the ion. a) potassium b) oxygen c) tin ( 2 electrons lost) d) bromine e) beryllium f) cobalt (3 eletctron lost )
a) The symbol of potassium is K
b) The symbol of oxygen is O
c) The symbol of tin ( 2 electrons lost) Sn²⁺ and its cation.
d) The symbol bromine is Br
e) The symbol beryllium is Be
f) The symbol cobalt (3 electrons lost ) is Co³⁺ and it's a cobaltic cation.
What is the symbol for a chemical?
Chemical elements, functional groups, and chemical compounds are represented by chemical symbols, which are acronyms used in chemistry. Elements' chemical symbols typically include one or two Latin letters, with the first letter capitalized.
As superscripts or subscripts, additional information, such as an isotope, an ionization state, or an oxidation state, can be added to the symbol in addition to the letters. Some isotopes have unique symbols instead of isotopic information added to the element symbol.
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use the ionic bonding model to determine which has the higher melting point, rbcl or sro . explain your answer.
RbCl has a lower charge and a higher melting point. Since the strontium and oxygen ions are bound acrystalline lattice according to the bonding concept, you would expect SrO to have a higher melting point.
What, in theory, is bonding?
Valence Covalent bond formation and the electrical structure of molecules are both covered by bond theory. The theory presupposes that inside a molecule, specific atoms' atomic orbitals are occupied by electrons, and that electrons from one atom are drawn to the nucleus of another atom.
What are the three theories of bonds?
Lewis hypothesis In this idea, the atom's surrounding electrons and lone pairs are represented by dots. Theory of valence bonds: According to this hypothesis, bonds are formed when electrons are shared among atoms' orbitals. Theory of molecular orbitals That is
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Barium-131 is used in the detection of bone tumors. The half-life of barium-131 is approximately 12 days. How long will it take for the radiation level of barium-131 to drop to 1/4 of its original level?.
The amount of barium-131 radiation will be reduced to 1/4 of its initial level after 24 days.
How long is a half-life in terms of time?The period of time needed for the reactant concentration to drop to half its initial value is known as the half-life of a reaction. t 1/2 = 0.693/k is a constant that relates to the reaction's rate constant and represents the half-life of a first-order reaction.
How does a first order reaction's half-life equation work?t1/2 = 0.693/k is a constant that relates to the reaction's rate constant and represents the half-life of a first-order reaction.
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would you expect the tert-butyl bromide or the tert-butanol to have a higher boiling point? describe the intermolecular forces present in each to justify your answer (5 pts).
Tert-butanol has a -OH group so it will undergo hydrogen bonding and it will show the highest boiling point, while tert- butyl bromide has no hydrogen bonding.
What is the Boiling point?When a liquid's vapour pressure equals that of the gas above it, that liquid has reached its boiling point. When a liquid's vapour pressure reaches one atmosphere, it is said to have reached its usual boiling point (760 torrs).
What is Hydrogen bonding?Two atoms that are already involved in other chemical connections are attracted to one another in a hydrogen bond. Hydrogen is one of the atoms, while the other can be any electronegative element, such as oxygen, chlorine, or fluorine. Atoms within a molecule or molecules can form hydrogen bonds with one another.
Hence, tert-butanol has a -OH group so it will undergo hydrogen bonding and it will show the highest boiling point, while tert- butyl bromide has no hydrogen bonding.
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what is the ph of a solution prepared by diluting 50.00 ml of 0.020 m ba(oh)2 with enough water to produce a total volume of 250.00 ml?
The pH of the solution is 11.6
given that :
molarity of Ba(OH)₂ = 0.020 M
volume = 50 mL = 0.05 L
number of moles = molarity × volume in L
= 0.020 × 0.05
= 0.001 mol
the molarity after dilution = 0.001 / 0.250
= 0.004
pOH = -log (0.004 )
= 2.39
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - pOH
= 14 - 2.39
= 11.6
Thus, the pH of a solution prepared by diluting 50.00 ml of 0.020 m Ba(OH)₂ with enough water to produce a total volume of 250.00 ml is 11.6.
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Base-catalyzed biodiesel production utilizes __________________: transformation of an ester into another ester through interchange of the alkoxy group.
Base-catalyzed biodiesel production utilizes transesterification : transformation of an ester into another ester through interchange of the alkoxy group.
What is a transesterification ?
Transesterification is defined as the chemical process of converting triglycerides with alcohol into alkyl esters using a catalyst [64]. Because of their low cost and ease of availability, methanol and ethanol are commonly used alcohols in this process.Strong acids catalyse the reaction by donating a proton to the carbonyl group, resulting in a more potent electrophile, whereas bases catalyse the reaction by removing a proton from the alcohol, resulting in a more nucleophilic product. The carbonyl carbon of the starting ester reacts to form a tetrahedral intermediate, which either reverts to the starting material or proceeds to the transesterified product in the transesterification mechanism (RCOOR2). The various species are in equilibrium, and the distribution of the product is determined by the relative energies of the reactant and product. Depending on the reaction conditions, ester hydrolysis and/or esterification will also occur, resulting in the presence of some free carboxylic acid.To learn more about transesterification refer :
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if a thermodynamic equilibrium constant is only a function of temperature, why does it apparently change with solvent?
If a thermodynamic equilibrium constant is only a function of temperature, it apparently change with solvent because the nature of the solvent will affect the equilibrium constant.
The equilibrium constant of the reaction is the value of the ratio between the concentration of the reactant and the concentration of the product.
let us take an example :
aA + bB ⇄ cC + dD
equilibrium constant , K = [ C ]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b
The only thing ,equilibrium constant affect by is the temperature. the different solvent also affect the equilibrium constant because of the differential stabilization of the reactant and the product form.
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Write the molecular formulas of alkane,alkene with one double bond, alkene with two double bonds,Cycloalkane and Cycloalkenenwith no substituents comprising six carbons.
There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, chemical formula can be shown as below.
What is chemical Compound?Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.
An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound. Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond.
Compound chemical formula
alkane CnH2n+2
alkene with one double bond CH[tex]_2[/tex]=CH[tex]_2[/tex]
alkene with two double bond CH[tex]_2[/tex]=c=CH[tex]_2[/tex]
cycloalkane C[tex]_6[/tex]H[tex]_{12}[/tex]
Therefore, chemical formula can be shown as above.
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