1) A shift towards behavioral economics does not undercut its usefulness as a tool for understanding our economy and society. Instead, it opens the door to a new kind of analysis that incorporates insights from psychology and behavioral science into economic models. Traditional economics assumes rational behavior and perfect information, but behavioral economics recognizes that individuals often deviate from purely rational decision-making and are influenced by cognitive biases, social norms, and emotions. By incorporating these insights, behavioral economics can provide a more realistic understanding of human behavior and decision-making in economic and social contexts. It enriches the field of economics by offering additional tools and perspectives to analyze and address complex real-world problems.
2) Some important ideas and tools that I have learned in this course include:
- Utility theory: Understanding how individuals make decisions based on their preferences and utility maximization.
- Game theory: Analyzing strategic interactions between individuals or firms and predicting outcomes in various scenarios.
- Supply and demand analysis: Studying the determinants of market equilibrium and the effects of changes in supply and demand on prices and quantities.
- Cost-benefit analysis: Evaluating the costs and benefits of different choices or policies to inform decision-making.
- Market structures: Examining the characteristics and behavior of different market structures, such as perfect competition, monopolies, and oligopolies.
- Externalities and public goods: Considering the impact of external costs or benefits on societal welfare and understanding the provision of public goods.
These ideas and tools contribute to critical thinking by providing frameworks and analytical techniques to analyze economic phenomena, assess trade-offs, and make informed decisions. They help in understanding the complexities of markets, decision-making processes, and policy implications. Additionally, they promote the ability to think systematically, evaluate evidence, consider alternative perspectives, and make informed judgments when analyzing economic issues and their broader implications.
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Burger Doodle is a fast-food restaurant that processes an average of 670 food orders each day. The average cost of each order is $6.25. Four percent of the orders are incorrect, and only 10% of the defective orders can be corrected with additional food items at an average cost of $1.75. The remaining defective orders have to be thrown out.
(a)
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Your answer is incorrect.
Compute the quality–productivity ratio (QPR) for the Burger Doodle restaurant. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 2.75.)
Quality–productivity ratio (QPR) enter the quality-productivity ratio rounded to 2 decimal places
The answer is , the quality–productivity ratio (QPR) for the Burger Doodle restaurant is 0.95.
How to find?It helps to determine the efficiency of a company in utilizing its resources to achieve high-quality results. The QPR is calculated using the formula:
QPR = (Total Output – Defective Output) / Total Resource Utilized .
Here, Total Output = 670 orders per day × $6.25 per order
= $4187.50 per day.
Total Resource Utilized = 670 orders per day.
Defective Output = 4% of 670 orders
= 26.8 orders per day.
Now, we can calculate the defective output that can be corrected with additional food items.
10% of 26.8 = 2.68 orders per day.
Total cost of these orders = 2.68 × $1.75
= $4.69 per day
So, remaining defective output that needs to be thrown = 26.8 – 2.68
= 24.12 orders per day.
So, the Total Output after adjusting defective output= 670 - 24.12
= 645.88 orders per day
Now, we can calculate the QPR:
QPR = (Total Output – Defective Output) / Total Resource Utilized
QPR = (645.88 - 24.12) / 670QPR = 0.9536 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
Hence, the quality–productivity ratio (QPR) for the Burger Doodle restaurant is 0.95.
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when a job is completed in a service organization that uses job order costing, the job costs are transferred to the
When a job is completed in a service organization that uses job order costing, the job costs are transferred to the appropriate cost accounts.
These cost accounts include the direct materials, direct labor, and overhead accounts. The total of these costs represents the cost of the job.
The job costs are then typically transferred to the Finished Goods or Work in Process accounts, depending on whether the job has been completed or is still in progress.
In this case, since the job is completed, the job costs would be transferred to the Finished Goods account.
When a job is completed in a service organization that uses job order costing, the job costs are transferred to the cost of services account. The cost of services account is a temporary account that is used to accumulate the costs of all jobs that have been completed but not yet billed to customers. Once the jobs are billed, the costs are transferred from the cost of services account to the accounts receivable account.
Gather the job costs. The first step is to gather all of the costs that have been incurred for the job. This includes direct materials, direct labor, and overhead.
Calculate the total job cost. Once all of the costs have been gathered, the total job cost is calculated.
Transfer the job cost to the cost of services account. The total job cost is then transferred to the cost of services account.
Update the job cost sheet. The job cost sheet is updated to reflect the fact that the job has been completed and the costs have been transferred to the cost of services account.
Bill the customer. Once the job has been completed, the customer is billed for the cost of the services.
Transfer the job costs from the cost of services account to the accounts receivable account. Once the customer has been billed, the job costs are transferred from the cost of services account to the accounts receivable account.
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QUESTION ONE b) d) f) Explain the three advantages of using models in OR study. (6 marks) State Four advantages of OR study approach in decision making. (4 marks) (4 marks) Explain Three limitations of linear programming Highlight Three differences between PERT and CPM in network analysis (3 marks) "A model is a simplified representation of the reality." Highlight three qualities of a good model. (3 marks) Explain the following terms as used in transportation problem: i. Basic solution ii. Feasible solution Optimal solution i11. Explain the following terms as used in a Markov process: i) Transient state ii) Absorbing state (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks)
Advantages of using models in OR study:
1. Simplification: Models provide a simplified representation of complex real-world systems, allowing decision-makers to understand and analyze the system more easily. They help in breaking down complex problems into manageable components, making the decision-making process more efficient.
2. Quantification: Models allow for the quantification of variables, parameters, and relationships within a system. This enables decision-makers to assign numerical values and measure the impact of different factors on the overall system. Quantification provides a more objective and systematic approach to decision-making.
3. Scenario Analysis: Models facilitate scenario analysis by allowing decision-makers to simulate different scenarios and evaluate the potential outcomes of alternative actions. This helps in assessing the risks and benefits associated with different decision options and identifying the best course of action.
Advantages of OR study approach in decision making:
1. Optimization: The OR study approach utilizes mathematical techniques to optimize decisions. It helps in identifying the best possible solution by considering various constraints, objectives, and available resources. This results in improved efficiency, cost savings, and resource utilization.
2. Structured Approach: OR study provides a structured framework for decision-making, involving problem formulation, data collection, model development, analysis, and solution implementation. This systematic approach ensures a comprehensive and well-informed decision-making process.
3. Holistic Perspective: OR study takes into account the interdependencies and interactions among different elements of a system. It considers the broader context and impact of decisions, leading to more effective and sustainable solutions. It helps in avoiding suboptimal decisions that may arise from a narrow focus on isolated factors.
4. Evidence-Based Decision-Making: OR study relies on data-driven analysis and objective evaluation of alternatives. It promotes evidence-based decision-making by considering empirical evidence, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling. This enhances the reliability and credibility of the decision-making process.
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On average, US Stock returns in the 1999-2001 time period were
negatively correlated with foreign stock markets. True or false
False. The statement is incorrect. During the 1999-2001 time period, US stock returns were generally positively correlated with foreign stock markets, rather than negatively correlated.
The late 1990s and early 2000s were characterized by a significant period of globalization and increased interconnectivity among global financial markets. This period witnessed the growth of technology companies and the dot-com bubble, which had a significant impact on stock markets worldwide.
In particular, the US stock market experienced a boom during this time, with the dot-com bubble driving up stock prices. This positive sentiment and high valuations in the US stock market often spilled over to foreign markets, leading to a positive correlation between US and foreign stock returns.
Investors were attracted to the high growth potential and innovation in the US technology sector, leading to increased investments in US stocks. As a result, fluctuations and trends in the US stock market had a strong influence on foreign markets, creating a positive correlation.
Therefore, it is incorrect to state that US stock returns in the 1999-2001 time period were negatively correlated with foreign stock markets.
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Chapter 6: Marginal Decision Rule 1. Joe Higgins is thinking about how much time to spend studying for a biology exam tomorrow. Using "utility units" he measures the benefits and costs of study; his calculations are shown in the following table. a. Fill in the fourth row for net benefit in the table. Use the midpoint convention to emphasize that the net benefit is a marginal value showing the gain as hours spent increase by one-hour increments. (In English, the "net benefit" is the increase in benefit minus the increase in cost.) b. Based on the marginal decision rule, how many hours should Joe spend studying for his biology exam? Chapter 7 - Marginal Utility 2. Suppose you really, really like ice cream. You adore ice cream. Does the law of diminishing marginal utility apply to your ice cream consumption? 3. Do you tend to get more food at a fixed-price buffet (Golden Corral) or when ordering from a menu? Is there a reason why you might get more at one than the other?
A. Net Benefit: -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -1; b. Joe should spend 3 hours studying; 2. Yes, law of diminishing marginal utility applies to ice cream consumption; 3. People tend to get more food at fixed-price buffets due to unlimited options.
a. To fill in the fourth row for net benefit, we need to calculate the increase in benefit and the increase in cost as hours spent studying increase by one-hour increments.
| Hours Studying | Benefit | Cost | Net Benefit |
|----------------|---------|------|-------------|
| 1 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
| 2 | 15 | 6 | 9 |
| 3 | 18 | 9 | 9 |
| 4 | ? | ? | ? |
Using the midpoint convention, we calculate the increase in benefit and the increase in cost between hours 2 and 3 as follows:
Increase in Benefit = (Benefit at hour 3 - Benefit at hour 2) = (18 - 15) = 3
Increase in Cost = (Cost at hour 3 - Cost at hour 2) = (9 - 6) = 3
Net Benefit = Increase in Benefit - Increase in Cost = 3 - 3 = 0
Therefore, the net benefit at hour 4 is 0.
b. Based on the marginal decision rule, Joe should spend additional hours studying as long as the net benefit is positive. Since the net benefit at hour 4 is 0, Joe should stop studying after 3 hours. Spending more time studying would not provide any additional net benefit.
Chapter 7 - Marginal Utility:
2. The law of diminishing marginal utility states that as a person consumes more units of a good, the additional satisfaction or utility derived from each additional unit diminishes. Therefore, even if you really like ice cream, the law of diminishing marginal utility still applies. Each additional scoop of ice cream will provide less additional satisfaction compared to the previous scoop.
3. Generally, people tend to get more food at a fixed-price buffet like Golden Corral compared to ordering from a menu. This is because at a buffet, you have the freedom to serve yourself as much food as you want for a fixed price. The variety and unlimited quantity of food available encourage people to take larger portions and try different dishes. On the other hand, when ordering from a menu, you typically have to pay for each item individually, which may lead to more cautious choices and smaller portion sizes to manage costs.
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You are asked to do a disaster plan for an adult learning centre. ‘Learn More’ evening adult school has 20 adult students and the total staff isasenior and a junior teacher, an OJT (on the job trainee), a tealadyand a security guard . The school is on the second floor of a 6 floor building and occupy the whole floor. There is a single door access. Thereisasmall basement car park for staff and a larger openparkingareaforstudents across the road. The disaster suggestedis a fire inthebuilding.(a)What are the essential components of a disaster plan(b) Indicate the players and their roles The plan must provide for all in theschool plus all who may arrive in the event of adisaster includingrelatives, police, fire and ambulance if required.
a) The essential components of a disaster plan for a fire include emergency communication, evacuation procedures, an emergency response team, staff and student training, and a system for ongoing evaluation and improvement. b) The players involved in the disaster plan are staff, students, emergency services (police, fire, and ambulance), and relevant authorities.
a) In the event of a fire, effective emergency communication is crucial to quickly notify all individuals involved. Clear evacuation procedures should be established, including designated evacuation routes and assembly points. An emergency response team, consisting of the senior and junior teachers, security guard, and tealady, should be designated with specific roles and responsibilities. Staff and student training should be conducted to ensure everyone understands fire safety protocols and evacuation procedures. Regular evaluation of the disaster plan is important to identify areas for improvement and ensure its effectiveness. (b) The players involved in the disaster plan for a fire include staff, students, emergency services (police, fire, and ambulance), and relevant authorities. Staff members are responsible for implementing evacuation procedures, guiding students, and conducting headcounts. Students should follow instructions and cooperate during the evacuation process. Emergency services will provide assistance, ensure safety, and control the situation. Relevant authorities may coordinate the response and provide additional support. The plan should account for the inclusion of all individuals present, including staff, students, relatives, emergency services, and relevant authorities.
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Go to the company investor relations websites for Starbucks (investor.starbucks.com), Pfizer (www.pfizer.com/investors), Salesforce (investor.salesforce.com), or a large company in your country that shares investor information on their website to find examples of strategic and financial objectives. Use a graphic organizer of your choice to create a visual graphic to list four (4) objectives for each company, and indicate which of these are strategic and which are financial.
Starbucks Strategic and Financial Objectives has some of the following objectives.
What are they?Objective Strategic/Financial Objective 1
Financial
To maximize its long-term financial performance
Objective 2
Strategic
To be the leading retailer and brand of coffee in each of its target markets
Objective 3
Financial
To achieve a high rate of return on its invested capital
Objective 4
Strategic
To maintain its social and environmental responsibility
Pfizer Strategic and Financial Objectives (Graphic Organizer):
Objective Strategic / Financial Objective 1
Financial
To increase its revenue and earnings growth
Objective 2
Strategic
To be a premier innovative biopharmaceutical company
Objective 3
Financial
To improve its return on invested capital
Objective 4StrategicTo enhance its reputation for social responsibility
Salesforce Strategic and Financial Objectives (Graphic Organizer):
Objective
Strategic/Financial Objective 1
Financial
To grow its market share and revenue
Objective 2
Strategic
To be the leader in providing customer relationship management services
Objective 3
Financial
To maintain high profitability
Objective 4
Strategic
To maintain its position as a socially responsible company.
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Han’s Supplies’s bank statement contained a $290 NSF check that one of its customers had written to pay for supplies purchased.
Required:
a. & c. Show the effects of the following transactions on the financial statements in the horizontal statements model. (a) Recognize the NSF check, (c) Customer redeems the check by giving Hans $310 cash in exchange for the bad check. The additional $20 was a service fee charged by Hans.
Note: Enter any decreases to account balances with a minus sign. For changes on the Statement of Cash Flows, indicate whether the item is an operating activity (OA), investing activity (IA), financing activity (FA), or leave the cell blank if there is no effect.
b. Is the recognition of the NSF check on Han’s books an asset source, use, or exchange transaction?
multiple choice 1
Asset source
Asset use
Asset exchange
d. Select which of the following is the correct answer.
multiple choice 2
Asset exchange is $310.
Asset source is $310.
Asset use is $310.
Asset exchange is $290 and Asset source is $20.
Asset source is $290 and Asset use is $20.
Asset exchange is $310 and Asset use is $20.
a. I prefer the bank account that pays 5.9% per year (EAR) for three years.
To compare the different bank accounts, we need to calculate the effective annual rate (EAR) for each option.
a. Bank account with 2.4% every six months:
The EAR can be calculated using the formula: EAR = (1 + periodic interest rate)^n - 1, where n is the number of compounding periods in a year.
In this case, the periodic interest rate is 2.4% and there are two compounding periods per year (every six months). Therefore, the EAR is:
EAR = (1 + 0.024)^2 - 1 = 4.88%
b. Bank account with 8.4% every 18 months:
The periodic interest rate is 8.4% and there are 1.5 compounding periods per year (every 18 months). Therefore, the EAR is:
EAR = (1 + 0.084)^1.5 - 1 = 12.82%
c. Bank account with 0.74% per month:
The periodic interest rate is 0.74% and there are 12 compounding periods per year (monthly). Therefore, the EAR is:
EAR = (1 + 0.0074)^12 - 1 = 9.01%
Comparing the calculated EARs, the bank account with an EAR of 5.9% per year is the most favorable option among the three.
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In trend and ratio analysis, which most affects accurate projections of past figures into the future? Answers 1) Length of time it takes to complete the analysis. 2)Relationship between two consistent variables. 3)Acceptance of the analysis by the entire organization. 4)Support of senior management for the analysis findings.
In trend and ratio analysis, the relationship between two consistent variables most affects accurate projections of past figures into the future. Trend analysis is the analysis of trends and patterns in financial statements over time, while ratio analysis is a method of assessing financial ratios.
These are important tools for predicting future business performance. Ratio analysis calculates ratios based on financial statement data to assess a company's financial condition, while trend analysis evaluates a company's financial performance over time.To create a trend, analysts look at two or more years of financial statement data, such as balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements, to assess business performance. On the other hand, ratio analysis involves a comprehensive study of financial ratios, including liquidity, solvency, profitability, and efficiency ratios, among others.In order to develop accurate projections of past figures into the future, the relationship between two consistent variables is the most important factor.
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Six Sigma is a business process for improving quality. It is favorable for reducing costs and increasing customer satisfaction. DMAIC (pronounced Dah-may-ic) is a problem-solving process of Six Sigma. Define the 5 steps of DMAIC and discuss their importance.
DMAIC is a problem-solving process used in Six Sigma methodology. It stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control.
1. Define:
The Define phase involves clearly defining the problem, project goals, and customer requirements. It is essential to establish a well-defined project scope, identify key stakeholders, and set measurable objectives.
2. Measure:
In the Measure phase, the focus is on gathering data and quantitatively measuring the current process performance. This involves identifying relevant process metrics, collecting data, and establishing a baseline. .
3. Analyze:
The Analyze phase involves analyzing the collected data to identify the root causes of the problem and potential opportunities for improvement. Various tools and techniques, such as process mapping, statistical analysis, and cause-and-effect diagrams, are utilized to identify patterns, trends, and potential sources of variation.
4. Improve:
In the Improve phase, potential solutions are generated, evaluated, and implemented to address the identified root causes. This step involves brainstorming ideas, selecting the most promising solutions, and conducting small-scale experiments or pilots to validate their effectiveness.
5. Control:
The Control phase focuses on establishing controls and systems to sustain the improvements achieved. It involves developing and implementing monitoring mechanisms, documenting standard operating procedures, and establishing control plans.
The importance of following the DMAIC steps lies in their systematic approach to problem-solving. By defining the problem clearly, measuring the current state, analyzing data, implementing improvements, and establishing control measures, organizations can effectively identify and address process-related issues. DMAIC provides a structured framework for continuous improvement, enabling organizations to reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and enhance overall process performance.
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A company has announced that it will pay a dividend of $2.54 per share next year, and thereafter you expect the dividend to grow at a constant rate of 4.7% per year indefinitely into the future. If the required rate of return is 8.4% per year, what would be a fair price for the stock today? (Answer to the nearest penny.)
Calculating the above expression, we find:
P ≈ $54.52
Therefore, the fair price for this stock today would be approximately $54.52 per share.
To calculate the fair price of the stock today, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula, assuming a constant growth rate for dividends. The formula is:
P = D / (r - g)
Where:
P = Fair price of the stock today
D = Dividend payment in the next period (next year)
r = Required rate of return
g = Growth rate of dividends
Given:
Dividend payment next year (D1) = $2.54 per share
Dividend growth rate (g) = 4.7%
Required rate of return (r) = 8.4%
To find the fair price, we need to calculate the present value of future dividends:
P = D1 / (r - g)
Substituting the given values into the formula:
P = 2.54 / (0.084 - 0.047)
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A prominent issue in the international staffing literature is expatriate failure - the premature return
of an expatriate manager to his or her home country. Suppose you are a management consultant for
a U.S. company who plans to send an employee to Malaysia to oversee the production, explain
the potential factors that could lead to the expatriate failure, and propose the types of training
program that should be provided in pre-departure stage to reduce the occurrence of such problem.
Justify your answers with relevant examples
Expatriate failure is one of the biggest concerns in international staffing. There are several factors that can lead to expatriate failure. They include personal factors, such as the expatriate's inability to adjust to the new environment, and organizational factors, such as inadequate support from the company.
The following are some of the potential factors that could lead to the expatriate failure: Culture shock: It occurs when an individual moves to a new country with a different culture, and the individual feels disoriented, frustrated, or anxious because of the unfamiliar environment. Culture shock can lead to negative feelings about the host country, difficulty in adjusting to the new culture, and an unwillingness to complete the assignment. Language barriers: When an expatriate manager is sent to a foreign country, the manager may have difficulty communicating with others because of language barriers. This can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and communication breakdowns, which can, in turn, lead to conflicts with colleagues and subordinates.
Isolation: When an expatriate manager is sent to a foreign country, the manager may feel isolated because of the lack of support from the home company, colleagues, and family. Isolation can lead to emotional problems, such as depression, anxiety, and homesickness. Isolation can also lead to poor job performance and premature return to the home country. The types of training program that should be provided in pre-departure stage to reduce the occurrence of such problems are as follows: Cross-cultural training: It is essential to provide cross-cultural training to the expatriate before leaving for the foreign assignment. Cross-cultural training should include information about the host country's culture, values, norms, and customs. The expatriate should also be trained on how to communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds.
Language training: The company should provide language training to the expatriate before the assignment. Language training should include the host country's language, as well as the local dialects used in the area where the expatriate will be working. Language training should also include information about nonverbal communication, such as gestures, facial expressions, and body language.Support programs: The company should provide support programs to the expatriate and family members before and after the assignment. Support programs should include assistance with visas, housing, medical care, and education for the expatriate's children. Support programs should also include social events to help the expatriate and family members adjust to the new environment. In conclusion, providing the above-mentioned training programs will significantly reduce the likelihood of expatriate failure.
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4. Suppose Caitlyn is depositing a $5,000 check today in an account that earns a 7% interest rate that is compounded annually. What will be the balance in her account at the end of 8 years if she continues to save her money and not make any withdrawals? FV PMT RATE NPER PV
The balance in Caitlyn's account at the end of 8 years, without making any withdrawals, will be approximately $7,655.
To calculate the balance in Caitlyn's account at the end of 8 years, we can use the formula for the future value of a lump sum:
FV = PV * (1 + RATE)^NPER
Where:
FV = Future Value (balance in the account at the end of 8 years)
PV = Present Value (initial deposit) = $5,000
RATE = Annual interest rate = 7% = 0.07
NPER = Number of compounding periods = 8 (since it is compounded annually)
Plugging in the values into the formula:
FV = $5,000 * (1 + 0.07)^8
FV = $5,000 * (1.07)^8
FV ≈ $7,655
Therefore, the balance in Caitlyn's account at the end of 8 years, without making any withdrawals, will be approximately $7,655.
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This is a common saying: "All products sold involve
the sale of services to a greater or lesser extent." Cite an
example where a product was sold because of accompanying
service.
One of the most frequent examples where a product was sold because of accompanying service is the automobile industry. An automobile is a product that can only be enjoyed to its full potential when combined with services such as maintenance and repair services.
All products sold involve the sale of services to a greater or lesser extent is a commonly used saying. It means that all products sold, no matter how basic or simple they may appear, come with some form of a service package, whether small or significant. These services may include the installation, repair, maintenance, or other forms of services.
The automobile industry is a clear example where products are sold along with service. When you purchase a vehicle, you also need maintenance, repair services and other accessories that go along with it. The car manufacturer may sell its products, such as cars, but the services accompanying the product, such as repairs and maintenance, are critical to the customer experience. Therefore, the manufacturer must provide these services for customers to enjoy their products to the fullest extent.
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If it took 2000 hours to produce the first unit of a product, and the learning curve is 75%, how long will it take to produce units 36 through 50? O 6316 O 7806 O 0
O 16808
Option a is the correct answer. Learning curve refers to the graphical representation of the concept that a new task or skill becomes easier to master after having previously mastered a related task or skill.
It is utilized in business and manufacturing settings to illustrate the amount of time required to complete a task or produce a unit of output when the task is being done for the first time versus when the task has been done multiple times. The learning curve can be used to estimate how much time is required to produce a particular quantity of goods after an initial production run has been completed by establishing a percentage by which production time decreases with each production doubling. Learning curves are used to represent the changes in productivity that occur as a result of learning over time. This is done by plotting the logarithm of unit production time on the y-axis and the logarithm of cumulative output on the x-axis. With the use of these data, we can predict how long it will take to produce subsequent units of a product.
According to the learning curve, the time it takes to produce an item decreases as more units are produced. The learning curve is defined as a reduction in the time required to produce a new unit of output as cumulative production increases. If it took 2000 hours to produce the first unit of a product, and the learning curve is 75%, then the time required to produce the 50th unit will be
2000 * (0.75)^(log2(50/1)) = 322 hours.
Thus, it will take 36-50 units: 322(0.75^log2(50/36)-0.75^log2(36/1)) = 6316 hours.
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Suppose Stock Price(S) = SAR 60, Exercise Price(X) = SAR 60, Su= SAR 69, Sd
=SAR 51. What would be the price/ value of European call at expiration, if the stock
goes up? Assume one period binomial model.
SAR 0
SAR 8
SAR 9
SAR 6
Please show the calculation using keyboard
The price/value of the European call at expiration, if the stock goes up, would be SAR 18.
To calculate the price/value of the European call at expiration, we can use the one-period binomial model.
Given:
Stock Price (S) = SAR 60
Exercise Price (X) = SAR 60
Su (stock price if it goes up) = SAR 69
Sd (stock price if it goes down) = SAR 51
We need to calculate the risk-neutral probability (p) using the formula:
p = (Su - Sd) / (S - Sd)
p = (69 - 51) / (60 - 51)
p = 18 / 9
p = 2
Now, we can calculate the price/value of the European call at expiration using the formula:
Call price at expiration = (p * Call price if stock goes up) + ((1 - p) * Call price if stock goes down)
Call price at expiration = (2 * SAR 9) + ((1 - 2) * SAR 0)
Call price at expiration = SAR 18 + (-1 * SAR 0)
Call price at expiration = SAR 18 - SAR 0
Call price at expiration = SAR 18
Therefore, the price/value of the European call at expiration, if the stock goes up, would be SAR 18.
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The board of registration May revoke a real estate broker's license upon the verified complaint of an aggrieved person for which of the following practice
A) paying a finder's fee to an unlicensed person
B) charging both the buyer and seller a fee in the same transaction provided both parties know about and give consent to this agreement
C) charging an excessive Commission
D) advertising a property infrequently
The board of registration has the authority to revoke a real estate broker's license based on verified complaints from an aggrieved person. The correct option is c) charging an excessive Commission.
Let's examine each option to understand which practice could lead to license revocation.
A) Paying a finder's fee to an unlicensed person: This practice may be a violation of licensing regulations because it involves compensating someone who does not hold a valid real estate license for finding a buyer or seller. Engaging in such activities can undermine consumer protection and the integrity of the real estate industry. Therefore, the board may consider this practice as a basis for revoking the broker's license.
B) Charging both the buyer and seller a fee in the same transaction with their knowledge and consent: As long as both parties are aware of and consent to the arrangement, charging fees to both the buyer and seller in the same transaction is generally permissible. This practice does not typically warrant license revocation since it is conducted with transparency and the informed consent of all parties involved.
C) Charging an excessive commission: Real estate brokers are typically allowed to set their commission rates, but charging an excessive commission may be deemed unethical or against industry standards.
However, the determination of what constitutes an excessive commission may vary depending on local regulations and market practices. While charging an excessive commission might not directly lead to license revocation, it could result in disciplinary actions or investigations by the board.
D) Advertising a property infrequently: While it is important for brokers to actively promote properties to attract potential buyers or tenants, the infrequency of property advertising alone may not be sufficient grounds for license revocation. However, consistent failure to advertise properties as required by regulations or engaging in deceptive advertising practices could lead to disciplinary actions.
In summary, paying a finder's fee to an unlicensed person and possibly charging an excessive commission are practices that could lead to license revocation.
However, charging both the buyer and seller a fee in the same transaction with their knowledge and consent, as well as advertising a property infrequently, are less likely to result in license revocation but may still have other consequences.
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An Individual Retirement Account (IRA) has $20,000 in it, and the owner decides not to add any more money to the account other than interest earned at 8% compounded daily. How much will be in the account 30 years from now when the owner reaches retirement age? There will be $ in the account. (Round to the nearest cent. Use a 365-day year.)
The account will have approximately $174,494.06 in it when the owner reaches retirement age.
To calculate the future value of the IRA, we can use the compound interest formula:
FV = P * [tex](1 + r/n)^(^n^*^t^)[/tex]
Where FV represents the future value, P is the initial principal amount ($20,000), r is the annual interest rate (8%), n is the number of compounding periods per year (365 for daily compounding), and t is the number of years (30).
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
FV = $20,000 * [tex](1 + 0.08/365)^(^3^6^5^*^3^0^)[/tex]
Calculating the expression, we find:
FV ≈ $174,494.06
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The total cost (in dollars) for a company to manufacture and sell x items per week is C=70x+1700, whereas the revenue brought in by selling all x items is R=135x−0.5x2. How many items must be sold to obtain a weekly profit of $400? Hint: Profit = Revenue − Cost. They need to sell Or items:
They need to sell approximately 42 items to obtain a weekly profit of $400.
To find the number of items that must be sold to obtain a weekly profit of $400, we need to calculate the point where the revenue equals the cost plus the desired profit.
Given:
Cost function: C = 70x + 1700 (in dollars)
Revenue function: R = 135x - 0.5x^2 (in dollars)
Desired profit: $400
We can calculate the profit by subtracting the cost from the revenue:
Profit = Revenue - Cost
Substituting the given revenue and cost functions, we have:
Profit = (135x - 0.5x^2) - (70x + 1700)
Profit = 135x - 0.5x^2 - 70x - 1700
Profit = -0.5x^2 + 65x - 1700
Now, we set the profit equation equal to the desired profit of $400 and solve for x:
-0.5x^2 + 65x - 1700 = 400
Rearranging the equation:
-0.5x^2 + 65x - 2100 = 0
To solve this quadratic equation, we can either factor it or use the quadratic formula. Factoring may not be possible in this case, so we'll use the quadratic formula:
x = (-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)) / 2a
In our equation, a = -0.5, b = 65, and c = -2100.
x = (-65 ± √(65^2 - 4(-0.5)(-2100))) / (2(-0.5))
Simplifying the equation further will give us two values for x. We discard the negative value since we are considering the number of items sold:
x = (-65 + √(65^2 - 4(-0.5)(-2100))) / (2(-0.5))
After calculating the expression, we find that x ≈ 42.03.
Therefore, they need to sell approximately 42 items to obtain a weekly profit of $400.
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The project has the following stakeholders:• Testing Lead• Client Site Project Manager• Business Development Manager• Architect• User Experience Lead• Project Sponsor• Project Auditors• CompetitorQUESTION: EXPLAIN how you would use Power/Interest Grid to classify stakeholders based on your prioritization (type out all the reasonings pls) don't need to draw
The Power/Interest Grid is a useful tool for classifying stakeholders based on their level of power and interest in a project. It helps project managers prioritize their engagement and communication efforts with different stakeholders. Let's discuss how we can use the Power/Interest Grid to classify the stakeholders mentioned in the question:
1. Testing Lead:
The Testing Lead is directly involved in the project and holds a high level of power and interest. They have the expertise and knowledge to influence project decisions and outcomes. Therefore, the Testing Lead would be classified as a Key Player. They should be closely engaged and actively involved in project activities.
2. Client Site Project Manager:
The Client Site Project Manager is responsible for overseeing the project from the client's perspective. They have a high level of power as they represent the client's interests and can influence project outcomes. They also have a significant interest in the project's success. Therefore, the Client Site Project Manager would also be classified as a Key Player. Their involvement and communication should be a priority.
3. Business Development Manager:
The Business Development Manager may have a moderate level of power as they can provide strategic insights and resources for the project. However, their interest in the project may vary depending on their role and responsibilities. They would typically be classified as a Keep Informed stakeholder. They should be kept informed about project progress but may not require direct involvement in day-to-day activities.
4. Architect:
The Architect holds expertise and knowledge critical to the project's success. They may have a moderate level of power and a high interest in ensuring that the project aligns with the architectural vision and requirements. Therefore, the Architect would be classified as a Key Player. Their involvement and communication should be prioritized.
5. User Experience Lead:
The User Experience Lead is responsible for ensuring that the project meets the user's needs and expectations. They have a high level of interest and some power in shaping the project's user experience. They would also be classified as a Key Player and should be closely engaged throughout the project.
6. Project Sponsor:
The Project Sponsor typically holds a high level of power and interest in the project's success. They provide financial resources and support and are accountable for the project's outcomes. The Project Sponsor would be classified as a Key Player and should be actively involved in decision-making and communication.
7. Project Auditors:
Project Auditors may have a moderate level of power depending on their role and responsibilities. Their interest in the project lies in ensuring compliance, quality, and adherence to project management practices. They would typically be classified as a Keep Satisfied stakeholder. Their involvement and communication should be focused on addressing their concerns and providing the necessary information for audits.
8. Competitor:
The Competitor may not have direct power over the project, but they have a high level of interest in monitoring the project's progress. Their interest lies in understanding the project's impact on the market and potentially mitigating any competitive advantages gained. The Competitor would be classified as a Keep Informed stakeholder, where they are informed about the project's progress but not directly involved.
By using the Power/Interest Grid to classify these stakeholders, project managers can prioritize their efforts in engaging and communicating with each stakeholder group based on their level of power and interest. This ensures effective stakeholder management and helps maximize project success.
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6. The aggregated demand in the GDP equation means... A. The sum private consumption and government spending B. The total investments of firms in an economy C. AD C+G+I D. None of the above 7. It is usually used by governments and firms to finance deficit without getting into debt A. Wealth B. Savings C. Loans D. None of the above 8. It is usually used by governments and firms to finance investment without getting into debt A. Wealth B. Savings C. Loans D. None of the above 9. Although created to rebuild Europe after the Second World War, it has dedicated effort to fight against poverty A. International Monetary Fund (IMF) B. World Trade Organization (WTO) C. World Bank (WB) D. All of the above 10. It promotes the development of poor countries through the private sector... A. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) B. International Development Association (IDA) C. International Finance Corporation (IFC) D. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) E. International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 11. The International Monetary Fund might intervene in a country's macroeconomics whenever A. X = I B. X-I>0 C. X-I <0
After analyzing the question, the answers are 6. C. AD C+G+I D, 7. C. Loans, 8. Loans, 9. International Monetary Fund (IMF), 10. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), 11. C. X-I <0.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a significant United Nations financial agency and an international financial organization with 190 member nations and a headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Its declared goals include "working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world."
It was established in 1944 and officially began on December 27, 1945, at the Bretton Woods Conference, largely as a result of the theories of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes. Its aim was to rebuild the global monetary system, and it had 29 member nations at the time. The handling of balance of payments issues and global financial crises now heavily relies on it.
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Icebreaker Company (a U.S.-based company) purchases materials from a foreign supplier on December 1, 2020, with payment of 14,000 dinars to be made on March 1, 2021. The materials are consumed immediately and recognized as cost of goods sold at the date of purchase. On December 1, 2020, Icebreaker enters into a forward contract to purchase 14,000 dinars on March 1, 2021. Relevant exchange rates for the dinar on various dates are as follows: Date Spot Rate Forward Rate (to March 1, 2021) December 1, 2020 $ 3.20 $ 3.275 December 31, 2020 3.30 3.400 March 1, 2021 3.45 N/A a-1. Assuming that Icebreaker designates the forward contract as a cash flow hedge of a foreign currency payable, prepare journal entries for the import purchase and foreign currency forward contract in U.S. dollars. a-2. What is the impact on 2020 net income? a-3. What is the impact on 2021 net income? a-4. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods? b-1. Assuming that Icebreaker designates the forward contract as a fair value hedge of a foreign currency payable, prepare journal entries for the import purchase and foreign currency forward contract in U.S. dollars. b-2. What is the impact on net income in 2020 and in 2021? b-3. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods?
Net income is not affected. The impact on net income in 2021 is $0. The impact on net income in 2020 is $175.
(a) (1) The journal entry to record the purchase of materials is as follows: Date Account : Dec. 1, 2020 Inventory (cost of goods sold) $14,000 Accounts Payable (foreign) $14,000(2) On December 1, 2020, Icebreaker enters into a forward contract to purchase 14,000 dinars on March 1, 2021. The forward contract is recorded at fair value, with no impact on net income. The fair value of the forward contract on December 1, 2020, is zero. On December 31, 2020, the fair value of the forward contract is $2,100, computed as follows: $14,000 / $3.4 = $4,117.65 - $4,000 = $117.65 / .0568 (91/365) = $2,065.22, rounded to $2,10.
(b) (2) The impact on net income in 2020 is $175. This amount is recognized in OCI instead of net income. Therefore, net income is not affected. (b) (3) The impact on net income in 2021 is $0. No amounts are included in net income. The cash outflow for the foreign currency forward contract equals the cash inflow from accounts payable. (b) (4) The impact on net income over the two accounting periods is $175 less tax impact (if any).
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There are 10 identical internet service providers (ISPs) in a city serving a market demand with an elasticity of -1.5. The elasticity of supply for each firm is 2.2. The elasticity of demand faced by an individual ISP provider is Your Answer
The following data was extracted from the records of DT Ltd on 28 February 2021, the end of their financial year:
R Share capital (900 000 shares at R2 par value) 1 800 000 Retained income 160 000 Non-Current Assets 1 750 000 Inventories 220 000
Receivables 600 000
Cash/Bank 300 000
Payables 730 000
Loans at 15% p.a. 180 000 Net profit after tax 765 000
Market price of share 270c Dividends per share 65c Required:
1.1. Calculate and comment on each of the following ratios:
1.1.1. Current ratio (last year 2.33 : 1) (4)
1.1.2. Acid test ratio (last year 1.58 : 1) (4)
1.2. Calculate the Price Earnings (PE) ratio and explain what a low PE ratio could mean. (4)
1.3. Calculate the earnings per share. Will shareholders be happy with this? Why? (4)
1.4. Calculate the market to book ratio and explain the significance of this ratio. (4)
1.5. Calculate and comment on the debt equity ratio. (3)
1.6. Calculate the retained for the year'
The data provided is shown below:Current Assets: Invetories + Receivables + Cash/Bank = R220,000 + R600,000 + R300,000 = R1,120,000Current Liabilities: Payables = R730,0001.1.1 Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities= R1,120,000 / R730,000 = 1.53:1
The company’s current ratio for 2021 is 1.53:1, a decrease from last year's ratio of 2.33:1. The decrease in the ratio indicates that the company's liquidity position has deteriorated, indicating a higher risk of insolvency. 1.1.2 Acid Test Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventories) / Current Liabilities= (R1,120,000 - R220,000) / R730,000 = 1.29:1The acid-test ratio in 2021 is 1.29:1, a decrease from the previous year's ratio of 1.58:1. This indicates that the company is less capable of meeting its short-term liabilities using its most liquid assets.1.2
Price Earnings Ratio = Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share= 270c / (765,000 / 900,000) = 3.2 times.A low P/E ratio could indicate that the company's shares are undervalued, or that the market has low expectations for the company's future growth prospects.1.3 Earnings per Share = Net Profit After Tax / Number of Shares= R765,000 / 900,000 shares = 85c.The shareholders will be pleased with the company's earnings per share because it is higher than the dividend of 65c per share.1.4 Market to Book Ratio = Market Price per Share / Book Value per Share= 270c / [(1,800,000 shares x R2) + R160,000] / 1,800,000 shares= 1.28 times.
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You have taken a loan of RO 5,000 from XYZ Bank and you have to pay an instalment of RO 2,000 per year for the next 3 years. Find the annual interest rate.
The annual interest rate on the loan is 6.67%.
To find the annual interest rate, we need to use the formula for calculating the interest rate on a loan. The formula is: Interest Rate = (Total Interest / Principal) * (1 / Number of Years) * 100
In this case, the principal is RO 5,000 and the number of years is 3. We need to calculate the total interest paid over the 3 years.
Total Interest = Total Payments - Principal
Total Payments = RO 2,000 * Number of Years = RO 2,000 * 3 = RO 6,000. Total Interest = RO 6,000 - RO 5,000 = RO 1,000
Now we can calculate the annual interest rate using the formula:
Interest Rate = (RO 1,000 / RO 5,000) * (1 / 3) * 100
Simplifying the equation: Interest Rate = (1/5) * (1/3) * 100
Interest Rate = 0.0667 * 100
Interest Rate = 6.67%. Therefore, the annual interest rate on the loan is 6.67%.
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Wes Ottey would like to buy a condo in Florida in six years. He is looking to invest $75,000 today in a stock that is expected to earn a return of 18.3 percent annually. How much will he have at the end of six years? (Round to the nearest dollar) a. $205,575 b. $225,575 c. $184,681 d. $157,350
The correct answer is: b. $225,575 will he have at the end of six years.
To calculate the future value of the investment, we can use the formula for compound interest: Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods , Plugging in the values given: Present Value = $75,000, Interest Rate = 18.3% or 0.183, Number of Periods = 6 years. Future Value = $75,000 * (1 + 0.183)^6, Future Value ≈ $225,575. Therefore, Wes Ottey will have approximately $225,575 at the end of six years.
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QUESTION: GIVE 5/FIVE, REAL-LIFE AND VERIFIABLE, EXAMPLES OF THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY PRINCIPLE BASED ON THE CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE.
Investing or saving money can help keep pace with inflation and maintain purchasing power.
The time value of money principle is an important financial concept that relates to the fact that a dollar received today is worth more than a dollar received in the future. It is important to understand this concept as it helps in making informed financial decisions.Here are 5 real-life and verifiable examples of the time value of money principle based on the Canadian perspective:
Retirement Savings: The time value of money is evident when it comes to retirement savings. The earlier you start saving for retirement, the more time your money has to grow due to compound interest. Therefore, the earlier you save, the more your money will be worth when you retire.
Mortgage Loans: Mortgage loans are another example of the time value of money. Borrowers pay a certain amount of interest over the life of the loan, which is the lender's compensation for lending the money. The longer the loan term, the more interest you will pay and the higher the cost of borrowing.
Student Loans: Student loans are another example of the time value of money. Interest starts accruing on student loans as soon as they are disbursed. Therefore, the longer it takes to pay off the loan, the more interest will accrue and the higher the total cost of the loan.
Business Investment: Business investment is another example of the time value of money. A business that invests in equipment, research, or development may experience a return on its investment in the future. The time value of money dictates that the sooner a business makes its investment, the sooner it will reap the benefits.
Inflation: Inflation is another example of the time value of money. Inflation is the rate at which the general price level of goods and services in an economy is increasing. The time value of money dictates that money today is worth more than the same amount of money in the future because of inflation.
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1. The stock of Cabbor, Incorporated is trading at $60.00 per share. The company just paid a dividend of $5.00 per share (that is, D0 = 5.00). The growth rate in dividends is projected to be 7 percent per year forever. What is Cabbor’s cost of equity capital (that is, compute the required rate of return on the stock)?
2. Phillips, Inc. just paid a dividend of $3.25 per share on its common stock (that is, D0 = 3.25). Investors expect the dividend to grow at 45% in years 1 and 2, they expect the dividend to grow at 25% in year 3 and they expect that all future dividends (that is, dividends in years 4, 5, ..., infinity) to grow at a constant rate of 5% per year. If the cost of capital for Phillips, Inc. stock is 15%, what is the current price of the stock?
1. The cost of equity capital for Cabbor, Incorporated is 15.92%. 2. The current price of Phillips, Inc.'s stock is approximately $160.94.
1. The cost of equity capital, or the required rate of return on Cabbor, Incorporated's stock, can be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model. The formula for the cost of equity (Ke) is Ke = (D1 / P0) + g, where D1 is the expected dividend per share in the next period, P0 is the current price per share, and g is the expected growth rate in dividends.
In this case, D1 can be calculated by multiplying the current dividend (D0) by (1 + g). The current dividend is $5.00, and the growth rate in dividends is 7% per year, so D1 = $5.00 * (1 + 0.07) = $5.35.
Plugging the values into the formula, we have Ke = ($5.35 / $60.00) + 0.07 = 0.0892 + 0.07 = 0.1592, or 15.92%.
Therefore, Cabbor, Incorporated's cost of equity capital, or the required rate of return on its stock, is 15.92%.
2. To calculate the current price of Phillips, Inc.'s stock, we can use the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). The DDM formula is P0 = D1 / (r - g), where P0 is the current price of the stock, D1 is the expected dividend per share in the next period, r is the required rate of return or cost of capital, and g is the expected growth rate in dividends.
In this case, we need to calculate the expected dividends for each year and the perpetual growth rate. The expected dividends are as follows:
- Year 1: D1 = D0 * (1 + g1) = $3.25 * (1 + 0.45) = $4.71
- Year 2: D2 = D1 * (1 + g2) = $4.71 * (1 + 0.45) = $6.83
- Year 3: D3 = D2 * (1 + g3) = $6.83 * (1 + 0.25) = $8.54
The perpetual growth rate (g) is 5% per year.
Now, we can plug these values into the DDM formula to calculate the current price (P0). Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we have:
P0 = $4.71 / (0.15 - 0.05) + $6.83 / (0.15 - 0.05)² + $8.54 / (0.15 - 0.05)³ = $31.40 + $50.14 + $79.40 = $160.94.
Therefore, the current price of Phillips, Inc.'s stock is approximately $160.94.
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XYZ Corporation, located in the United States, has an accounts payable obligation of ₹750 million payable in one year to a bank in Tokyo. The current spot rate is ¥116/$1.00 and the one year forward rate is ¥109/$1.00. The anmual interest rate is 3 percent in Japan and 6 percent in the United States. XYZ can also buy a one-year call option on yen at the strike price of $0.0086 per yen for a premium of 0.012 cent per yen. The future dollar cost of meeting this obligation using the money market hedge is $6,450,000
$6,545,400
$6,653,833
$6,880,734
As we need JPY 750 Million Payable in Japan after one year, so we should invest an amount that will become JPY 750 million after 1 year from now. Amount need to repay in US after one year (As per money Market Hedge) = $6,653,833.28.Hence option C is correct.
Amount need to invest in Japan = Amount payable/(1+Japan interest rate)
= 750,000,000/1+3%
= 728,155,339.81
Amount to be borrowed from US = Amount required to invest in Japan/Spot rate
= 728155339.81/116
= 6,277,201.21
Amount need to repay after in US= Amount borrowed from US * (1+US interest rate )
6277201.21(1+6%)
=6653833.28
Step: 2
Amount need to repay in US after one year (As per money Market Hedge) = $6,653,833.28
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John decides to raise the grade level of the product of his project. He is affecting: Group of answer choices C The project quality The project scope C The project benchmarks The quality baseline 2. The quality management team has escalated a quality management issues and recommended corrective action for the project, based on findings from a quality audit. This is what output of Manage Quality? Group of answer choices Requested changes Recommended corrective actions Quality reports Project management plan updates
John decides to raise the grade level of the product of his project by improving the product and quality management issues.
1. By raising the grade level of the product in his project, John is affecting the project quality. Increasing the grade level implies improving the quality standards and characteristics of the product to a higher level than initially planned.
2. The output of Manage Quality in this scenario is Recommended corrective actions The quality management team, based on their findings from a quality audit, has identified issues that need to be addressed to ensure adherence to quality standards. These recommended corrective actions serve as a response to the quality management issues identified during the audit and are aimed at resolving or improving those issues.
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