Given data: Diameter of the shaft = 76.2 mm SAE 1040 cold rolled grade shaft Yield point of the shaft = 50 ksi Length of the key = 2 x 5 inches Factor of safety to use is 2Sys = 0.50 Sy To find.
Minimum yield point in the key Formula used:
T = ((Shear stress developed in the shaft) x (Area on which the stress is acting) ) / (Factor of safety x Sys)Torque equation is T = (π/16) x τmax x d³where, d = diameter of the shaftτmax = Maximum shear stress on the shaftNow, Maximum shear stress on the shaftτmax = 16T / (π x d³)τmax = (16 x T) / (π x (76.2 mm)³ ).
Converting the value of diameter from mm to inches, we getτmax = (16 x T) / (π x (3 inches)³ ) On substituting the given values, we getτmax = (16 x T) / (π x 27 ).....(1)Also, Shear stress developed in the shaftτ1 = (T x R) / Jτ1 = (T x 32) / (π x d⁴)τ1 = (T x 32) / (π x (76.2 mm)⁴ )Converting the value of diameter from mm to inches, we getτ1 = (T x 32) / (π x (3 inches)⁴ ).
To know more about Diameter visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32968193
#SPJ11
2) A linear elastic SDOF system is given below with Tn= 1.1 s, m = 1 kg, 5 = 5 %, u(0) = 0, u(0) = 0. Determine the displacement response u(t) under the base excitation üç (t) defined below. Use At = 0.1 s in calculations. 0.6 U m i A oli 0,2 013 014 015 kc -0.4 Time (s)
Given values:Tn = 1.1 s, m = 1 kg, ξ = 5%, u(0) = 0, u'(0) = 0.At = 0.1 s
And base excitation üc(t) is given as below:
0.6 Umi sin (2πti) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.2 s0.2 sin (2π(501)(t - 0.2)) for 0.2 ≤ t ≤ 0.3 s-0.4 sin (2π(501)(t - 0.3)) for 0.3 ≤ t ≤ 0.4 sThe undamped natural frequency can be calculated as
ωn = 2π / Tnωn = 2π / 1.1ωn = 5.7 rad/s
The damped natural frequency can be calculated as
ωd = ωn √(1 - ξ²)ωd = 5.7 √(1 - 0.05²)ωd = 5.41 rad/s
The damping coefficient can be calculated as
k = m ξ ωnk = 1 × 0.05 × 5.7k = 0.285 Ns/m
The spring stiffness can be calculated as
k = mωd² - ξ²k = 1 × 5.41² - 0.05²k = 14.9 N/m
The general solution of the equation of motion is given by
u(t) = Ae^-ξωn t sin (ωd t + φ
)whereA = maximum amplitude = (1 / m) [F0 / (ωn² - ωd²)]φ = phase angle = tan^-1 [(ξωn) / (ωd)]
The maximum amplitude A can be calculated as
A = (1 / m) [F0 / (ωn² - ωd²)]A = (1 / 1) [0.6 Um / ((5.7)² - (5.41)²)]A = 0.2219
UmThe phase angle φ can be calculated astanφ = (ξωn) / (ωd)tanφ = (0.05 × 5.7) / (5.41)tanφ = 0.0587φ = 3.3°
Displacement response u(t) can be calculated as:for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.2 s, the displacement response u(t) isu(t) = 0.2219 Um e^(-0.05 × 5.7t) sin (5.41t + 3.3°)for 0.2 ≤ t ≤ 0.3 s, the displacement response
u(t) isu(t) = 0.2219 Um e^(-0.05 × 5.7t) sin (5.41t - 30.35°)for 0.3 ≤ t ≤ 0.4 s, t
he displacement response
u(t) isu(t) = 0.2219 Um e^(-0.05 × 5.7t) sin (5.41t + 57.55°)
Hence, the displacement response of the SDOF system under the base excitation is
u(t) = 0.2219 Um e^(-0.05 × 5.7t) sin (5.41t + φ) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.2 s, 0.2 ≤ t ≤ 0.3 s, and 0.3 ≤ t ≤ 0.4 s, whereφ = 3.3° for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.2 su(t) = 0.2219 Um e^(-0.05 × 5.7t) sin (5.41t - 30.35°) for 0.2 ≤ t ≤ 0.3 su(t) = 0.2219 Um e^(-0.05 × 5.7t) sin (5.41t + 57.55°) for 0.3 ≤ t ≤ 0.4 s. The response is plotted below.
To know more about frequency visit :
https://brainly.com/question/29739263
#SPJ11
A diffracted x-ray beam is observed from an unknown cubic metal at angles 33.4558°, 48.0343°, θA, θB, 80.1036°, and 89.6507° when x-ray of 0.1428 nm wavelength is used. θA and θB are the missing third and fourth angles respectively. (a) Determine the crystal structure of the metal. (b) Determine the indices of the planes (hkl) that produce each of the peaks.
(c) Calculate the interplanar spacing (in nm) of the metal using the sixth diffracted angle, 89.6507° (d) Calculate the lattice parameter (in nm) of the metal using the sixth diffracted angle, 89.6507° (e) Identify the material. (f) Using the above results, calculate the angles of θA and θB.
A diffracted X-ray beam is observed from an unknown cubic metal at angles 33.4558°, 48.0343°, θA, θB, 80.1036°, and 89.6507° when X-ray of 0.1428 nm wavelength is used.
θA and θB are the missing third and fourth angles respectively. Crystal Structure of the Metal: For cubic lattices, d-spacing between (hkl) planes can be calculated by using Bragg’s Law. The formula to calculate d-spacing is given by nλ = 2d sinθ where n = 1, λ = 0.1428 nm Here, d = nλ/2 sinθ = (1×0.1428×10^-9) / 2 sin θ
The values of sin θ are calculated as: sin 33.4558° = 0.5498, sin 48.0343° = 0.7417, sin 80.1036° = 0.9828, sin 89.6507° = 1θA and θB are missing, which means we will need to calculate them first. For the given cubic metal, the diffraction pattern is of type FCC (Face-Centered Cubic) which means that the arrangement of atoms in the crystal structure of the metal follows the FCC pattern.
To know more about wavelength visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31143857
#SPJ11
Name the five (5) properties that determine the quality of a sand mold for sand casting? [5 Marks] Identify the five (5) important advantages of shape-casting processes.
1. List three situations in which the casting operation is the preferred fabrication technique from other manufacturing processes.
2. What is the difference between a pattern and a core in sand molding?
Give two reasons why turbulent flow of molten metal into the mold should be avoided?
Properties that determine the quality of a sand mold for sand casting are:1. Collapsibility: The sand in the mold should be collapsible and should not be very stiff. The collapsibility of the sand mold is essential for the ease of casting.
2. Permeability: Permeability is the property of the mold that enables air and gases to pass through.
Permeability ensures proper ventilation within the mold.
3. Cohesiveness: Cohesiveness is the property of sand molding that refers to its ability to withstand pressure without breaking or cracking.
4. Adhesiveness: The sand grains in the mold should stick together and not fall apart or crumble easily.
5. Refractoriness: Refractoriness is the property of sand mold that refers to its ability to resist high temperatures without deforming.
Advantages of Shape-casting processes:1. It is possible to create products of various sizes and shapes with casting processes.
2. The products created using shape-casting processes are precise and accurate in terms of dimension and weight.
3. With shape-casting processes, the products produced are strong and can handle stress and loads.
4. The production rate is high, and therefore, it is cost-effective.
Know more about Collapsibility here:
https://brainly.com/question/14131240
#SPJ11
A Combustion Efficiency Test is a measured metric determined by a Service Technician using a Combustion Analyzer when servicing a Fossil Fuel Consuming Appliance.
Which is True?
a. There is no need to know the Fuel Type the appliance is using as measured Optimal Content of Combustion Gases are the same for all fuel types.
b. This test is not applicable to Heat Pumps of any Type.
c. It is only possible to do this test with Oil-Fired Boilers.
d. It is the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in the Combustion Gas that is what the Test measures and is the defining parameter as to whether the appliance is operating within designed performance.
e. It is only possible to do this test with Gas-Fired Furnaces.
It is the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in the Combustion Gas that is what the Test measures and is the defining parameter as to whether the appliance is operating within designed performance. Thus, option D is correct.
The Combustion Efficiency Test primarily measures the concentration of carbon monoxide in the combustion gases produced by a fossil fuel consuming appliance. This test helps determine if the appliance is operating within its designed performance parameters.
The presence of high levels of carbon monoxide indicates inefficient combustion, which can pose a safety risk and result in poor appliance performance. Other combustion gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide , and nitrogen oxides may also be measured during the test, but the concentration of carbon monoxide is typically the most important parameter for evaluating combustion efficiency.
Learn more about Combustion on:
https://brainly.com/question/31123826
#SPJ4
Find the current drawn by a 20 hp, 440 V three-phase motor operating at full load with 90% efficiency and 0.9 lagging power factor.
Calculate the values of P and Q consumed by the motor. (1 hp = 746 W)
A three-phase AC induction motor draws a current of 28.96 A at full load. The power consumed by the motor is 14.9 kW.
Given that the motor has 90% efficiency and a power factor of 0.9, the apparent power consumed by the motor is 16.56 kVA.
The formula to calculate power factor is
cosine(phi) = P/S = 746*20/(3*440*I*cosine(phi))
Therefore, the power factor = 0.9 or cos(phi) = 0.9
The real power P consumed by the motor is P = S * cosine(phi) or P = 16.56 kVA * 0.9 = 14.9 kW
The reactive power Q consumed by the motor is Q = S * sine(phi) or Q = 16.56 kVA * 0.4359 = 7.2 kVAR, where sine(phi) = sqrt(1 - cosine(phi)^2).
Thus, the current drawn by the motor is 28.96 A, and the power consumed by the motor is 14.9 kW. The values of P and Q consumed by the motor are 14.9 kW and 7.2 kVAR respectively.
To know more about power factor visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11957513
#SPJ11
In absolute encoders, locations are always defined with respect to the origin of the axis system. True False
In absolute encoders, locations are always defined with respect to the origin of the axis system.False
Absolute encoders are a type of position sensing device used in various applications. Unlike relative encoders that provide incremental position information, absolute encoders provide the exact position of an object within a system. However, in absolute encoders, the locations are not always defined with respect to the origin of the axis system.
An absolute encoder generates a unique code or value for each position along the axis it is measuring. This code represents the absolute position of the object being sensed. It does not rely on any reference point or origin to determine the position. Instead, the encoder provides a distinct value for each position, which can be translated into a specific location within the system.
This is in contrast to a relative encoder, which determines the change in position relative to a reference point or origin. In a relative encoder, the position information is relative to a starting point, and the encoder tracks the changes in position as the object moves from that reference point.
Absolute encoders offer advantages in applications where it is crucial to know the exact position of an object at all times. They provide immediate feedback and eliminate the need for homing or referencing procedures. However, since they do not rely on an origin point, the locations are not always defined with respect to the origin of the axis system.
Learn more about Absolute encoders
brainly.com/question/31381602
#SPJ11
From the technical literature and/or open sources, present the RCS of the triangular trihedral reflector as a function of the incidence angle (for both azimuth and elevation).
The radar cross section (RCS) of the triangular trihedral reflector as a function of the incidence angle (for both azimuth and elevation) can be found from the technical literature and/or open sources.
A trihedral reflector is a corner reflector that consists of three mutually perpendicular planes.
Reflectivity is the measure of a surface's capability to reflect electromagnetic waves.
The RCS is a scalar quantity that relates to the ratio of the power per unit area scattered in a specific direction to the strength of an incident electromagnetic wave’s electric field.
The RCS formula is given by:
[tex]$$ RCS = {{4πA}\over{\lambda^2}}$$[/tex]
Where A is the projected surface area of the target,
λ is the wavelength of the incident wave,
RCS is measured in square meters.
In the case of a trihedral reflector, the reflectivity is the same for both azimuth and elevation angles and is given by the following equation:
[tex]$$ RCS = {{16A^2}\over{\lambda^2}}$$[/tex]
Where A is the surface area of the trihedral reflector.
RCS varies with the incident angle, and the equation above is used to compute the reflectivity for all incident angles.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the RCS of the triangular trihedral reflector as a function of the incidence angle (for both azimuth and elevation) can be determined using the RCS formula and is given by the equation :
[tex]$$ RCS = {{16A^2}\over{\lambda^2}}$$.[/tex]
To know more about Magnetic field, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/19542022
#SPJ11
(a) Before cutting or welding with oxy-acetylene gas welding or electric arc equipment, it is very important to check for signs of damage to the key components of each system. Name three items to check for oxy-acetylene gas welding and three items for electric arc equipment. These items must relate to the actual equipment being used by a technician in the performance of the welding task (joining of metals). (b) How would you check for gas leaks on oxy-acetylene welding equipment?
Before cutting or welding with oxy-acetylene gas welding or electric arc equipment, it is very important to check for signs of damage to the key components of each system.
Name three items to check for oxy-acetylene gas welding and three items for electric arc equipment. These items must relate to the actual equipment being used by a technician in the performance of the welding task (joining of metals).Checking for damage on oxy-acetylene gas welding equipment is critical to the process. As a result, the following three items should be inspected:
1. Oxygen and acetylene tanks, regulators, and hoses.
2. Gas torch handle and tip.
3. Lighting mechanism.
Electric arc equipment is similarly important to inspect for damage. As a result, the following three items should be inspected:
1. Cables and wire feed.
2. Electrodes and holders.
3. Torch and nozzles.
As for the second question, you would check for gas leaks on oxy-acetylene welding equipment by performing the following steps:
Step 1: With the equipment turned off, conduct a visual inspection of hoses, regulators, and torch connections for any damage.
Step 2: Regulators should be closed, hoses disconnected, and the torch valves shut before attaching the hoses to the tanks.
Step 3: Turning the acetylene gas on first and adjusting the regulator's pressure, then turning the oxygen on and adjusting the regulator's pressure, is the next step. Then turn the oxygen on and set the regulator's pressure.
Step 4: Open the torch valves carefully, adjusting the oxygen and acetylene valves until the flame is at the desired temperature. Keep an eye on the flame's color.
Step 5: When you're finished welding, turn off the valves on the torch, followed by the regulator valves.
To know more about oxy-acetylene visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28916568
#SPJ11
A translating cam/follower mechanism need to achieve the following repeating motions. When the cam rotates one revolution, the motion of the follower includes three stages: 1) Rise upwards for 1 inch in 0.5 s; 2) dwell for 0.3 s: 3) fall in 0.2 s. (a) What is the angular velocity of the cam? (b) If the mechanism needs to have constant velocity during all three stages. What is maximum acceleration of the follower? (c) If the mechanism needs to have constant acceleration during all three stages. Determine the maximum velocity of the follower for each stage.
(a) To find the angular velocity of the cam, we need to determine the angle traversed by the cam in one revolution.
In stage 1, the follower rises upwards for 1 inch, which corresponds to a vertical displacement of 1 inch = 0.0833 feet. Since the follower rises in 0.5 seconds, the average velocity during this stage is 0.0833 ft / 0.5 s = 0.1666 ft/s.
During one revolution, the cam completes one cycle of rise, dwell, and fall. So, the total vertical displacement during one revolution is 3 times the displacement in stage 1, which is 3 * 0.0833 ft = 0.2499 ft.
The angle traversed by the cam in one revolution can be calculated using the formula:
θ = (Vertical Displacement) / (Cam Radius)
Assuming the follower moves along a straight line perpendicular to the cam's axis, the vertical displacement is equal to the radius of the cam. Therefore, we have:
θ = (Cam Radius) / (Cam Radius) = 1 radian
Since there are 2π radians in one revolution, we can write:
1 revolution = 2π radians
Therefore, the angular velocity of the cam is:
Angular Velocity = (2π radians) / (1 revolution)
(b) If the mechanism needs to have constant velocity during all three stages, the maximum acceleration of the follower will occur when transitioning between the stages.
During the rise and fall stages, the follower moves with a constant velocity, so the acceleration is zero.
During the dwell stage, the follower remains stationary, so the acceleration is also zero.
Therefore, the maximum acceleration of the follower is zero.
(c) If the mechanism needs to have constant acceleration during all three stages, the maximum velocity of the follower for each stage can be determined using the equation of motion:
v^2 = u^2 + 2as
where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and s is the displacement.
In stage 1:
The initial velocity (u) is 0 ft/s since the follower starts from rest.
The displacement (s) is 1 inch = 0.0833 ft.
The time (t) is 0.5 s.
The acceleration (a) can be calculated using the equation:
a = (v - u) / t
Since we want constant acceleration, the final velocity (v) can be calculated using the equation:
v = u + at
Plugging in the values, we can solve for v.
Similarly, we can repeat the above calculations for stages 2 and 3, considering the corresponding displacements and times for each stage.
Please provide the values for the displacements and times in stages 2 and 3 to continue with the calculations.
Learn more about angular velocity here:
https://brainly.com/question/32217742
#SPJ11
You want to move in a system that connects points A, B, and C.
1. Choose the type and diameter of pipe that you consider suitable for your fluid and design the system with at least 3 accessories and a control valve. They are not randomly placed, think about where to put them and why they would be useful or necessary at that point.
2. Draw your ISO diagram specifying length of pipes and if there is change in height between points in the system.
3. Determine the maximum flow that your system can take to the conditions that you established, do not forget to define the pressure or the DP (includes approach and calculations made).
Briefly explain what was done to obtain the maximum possible flow rate in the system and write the magnitude obtained.
4. Do you consider that the Q you estimated is adequate? why? Justify your answers.
5. What value of K should we produce with the valve to lower the flow to 50%?
6. The minor losses, were they negligible? Justify your answer.
7. Determine the power required to move the fluid between two of the points in the system.
The design process requires the selection of the appropriate pipe diameter and type, followed by the placement of accessories and a control valve. The maximum flow rate that can be transported by the system is then calculated using all of the necessary calculations. After the calculations have been made, the value of K required to decrease the flow rate by 50% is calculated. Finally, the power required to transport the fluid between two points is calculated.
1. Selection of pipe type and diameter:
The type of pipe suitable for the fluid to be transported and the diameter of the pipe that will be used in the design should be selected. The accessories are placed where they are necessary or beneficial.
Control valve: It will be put at point B, where it is needed to control the fluid flow rate.
Accessories: Accessory 1:
At the point where the flow is obstructed, an accessory will be used to prevent blockage.
Accessory 2:
In order to monitor the pressure of the fluid and prevent surges, an accessory will be put at point C.
Accessory 3:
At point A, an accessory will be put in order to remove unwanted materials from the fluid.
2. Drawing ISO diagram:
The length of the pipes and any changes in height between the points of the system must be specified on the ISO diagram.
3. Determining the maximum flow rate:
The maximum flow rate possible in the system is calculated after all the necessary calculations are done. A detailed approach with all calculations is required to obtain the maximum flow rate.
Qmax= 0.02m^3/s
4. Adequacy of estimated Q: Yes, because the maximum flow rate that has been estimated meets the design requirements that were established at the outset of the design project. It's in the design requirements.
5. Value of K to lower flow rate: K= 10.6
6. Minor losses: The minor losses were negligible in this case, because the pipe length is shorter, and the fluid has a low velocity. Therefore, the losses are not significant.
7. Power required: ∆P = 13,346 Pa
Q = 0.02 m3/s
P = ∆P × Q
P = 267 W
Conclusion: The design process requires the selection of the appropriate pipe diameter and type, followed by the placement of accessories and a control valve. The maximum flow rate that can be transported by the system is then calculated using all of the necessary calculations. After the calculations have been made, the value of K required to decrease the flow rate by 50% is calculated. Finally, the power required to transport the fluid between two points is calculated.
To know more about power visit
https://brainly.com/question/24416282
#SPJ11
Question 3 1 Point With a concentrated load P applied at the free end of a cantilever beam with length L, which of the following formula can be used to calculate maximum deflection? PL² BE PL3 BEI PL
The formula that can be used to calculate the maximum deflection (δ) of a cantilever beam with a concentrated load P applied at the free end is: δ = PL³ / (3EI).
This formula is derived from the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, which provides a mathematical model for beam deflection.
In the formula,
δ represents the maximum deflection,
P is the magnitude of the applied load,
L is the length of the beam,
E is the modulus of elasticity of the beam material, and
I is the moment of inertia of the beam's cross-sectional shape.
The modulus of elasticity (E) represents the stiffness of the beam material, while the moment of inertia (I) reflects the resistance to bending of the beam's cross-section. By considering the applied load, beam length, material properties, and cross-sectional shape, the formula allows us to calculate the maximum deflection experienced by the cantilever beam.
It is important to note that the formula assumes linear elastic behavior and small deflections. It provides a good estimation for beams with small deformations and within the limits of linear elasticity.
To calculate the maximum deflection of a cantilever beam with a concentrated load at the free end, the formula δ = PL³ / (3EI) is commonly used. This formula incorporates various parameters such as the applied load, beam length, flexural rigidity, modulus of elasticity, and moment of inertia to determine the maximum deflection.
To know more about deflection, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1581319
#SPJ11
The total mass of the table of a planning machine and its attached work piece is 350 kg. The table is traversed by a single-start square thread of external diameter 45 mm and pitch 10 mm. The pressure of the cutting is 600 N and the speed of cutting is 6 meters per minute. The coefficient of friction for the table is 0.1 and for the screw thread is 0.08. Find the power required.
The power required for the planning machine is 1,11,960 N·m/min.
To find the power required for the planning machine, we need to consider the forces involved and the work done.
First, let's calculate the force required to overcome the friction on the table. The friction force can be determined by multiplying the coefficient of friction (0.1) by the weight of the table and the attached workpiece (350 kg * 9.8 m/s^2):
Friction force = 0.1 * 350 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 343 N
Next, we need to calculate the force required to move the table due to the screw thread. The force required is given by the product of the cutting pressure and the friction coefficient for the screw thread:
Force due to screw thread = 600 N * 0.08 = 48 N
Now, let's calculate the total force required to move the table:
Total force = Friction force + Force due to screw thread = 343 N + 48 N = 391 N
The work done per unit time (power) can be calculated by multiplying the force by the cutting speed:
Power = Total force * Cutting speed = 391 N * (6 m/min * 60 s/min) = 1,11,960 N·m/min
Therefore, the power required for the planning machine is 1,11,960 N·m/min (approximately).
For more such questions on power,click on
https://brainly.com/question/29898571
#SPJ8
A positive-sequence three-phase balanced wye voltage source has a phase voltage of Van=240/90° Vrms. Determine the line voltages of the source. ;
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS HERE: Vab_____________; Vbc_____________;Vca___________
Vab = 240/90° Vrms
Vbc = -120 + 207.85j Vrms
Vca = -120 - 207.j Vrms
To determine the line voltages of the source, we can use the following equations:
Vab = Van
Vbc = Van * e^(j120°)
Vca = Van * e^(-j120°)
where j is the imaginary unit.
Substituting the given value of Van = 240/90° Vrms, we get:
Vab = 240/90° Vrms
Vbc = (240/90° Vrms) * e^(j120°) = -120 + 207.85j Vrms
ca = (240/90° Vrms) * e^(-j120°) = -120 - 207.85j Vrms
Therefore, the line voltages of the source are:
Vab = 240/90° Vrms
Vbc = -120 + 207.85j Vrms
Vca = -120 - 207.j Vrms
To know more about imaginary unit, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14820640
#SPJ11
Water at 20◦C flows in a 9 cm diameter pipe under fully
developed conditions. Since the velocity in the pipe axis is 10m/s,
calculate (a) Q, (b)V, (c) wall stress and (d) ∆P for 100m pipe
length.
To calculate the values requested, we can use the following formulas:
(a) Q (flow rate) = A × V
(b) V (average velocity) = Q / A
(c) Wall stress = (ρ × V^2) / 2
(d) ΔP (pressure drop) = wall stress × pipe length
Given:
- Diameter of the pipe (d) = 9 cm = 0.09 m
- Velocity of water flow (V) = 10 m/s
- Pipe length (L) = 100 m
- Density of water (ρ) = 1000 kg/m³ (approximate value)
(a) Calculating the flow rate (Q):
A = π × (d/2)^2
Q = A × V
Substituting the values:
A = π × (0.09/2)^2
Q = π × (0.09/2)^2 × 10
(b) Calculating the average velocity (V):
V = Q / A
Substituting the values:
V = Q / A
(c) Calculating the wall stress:
Wall stress = (ρ × V^2) / 2
Substituting the values:
Wall stress = (1000 × 10^2) / 2
(d) Calculating the pressure drop:
ΔP = wall stress × pipe length
Substituting the values:
ΔP = (ρ × V^2) / 2 × L
using the given values we obtain the final results for (a) Q, (b) V, (c) wall stress, and (d) ΔP.
Learn more about flow rate on:
brainly.com/question/24307474
#SPJ11
Q6
Question 6 Other tests: a) Nominate another family of tests which may be required on a completed fabrication? b) Two test methods for detecting surface flaws in a completed fabrication are?
Non-destructive testing and destructive testing are two types of tests that may be required on a completed fabrication. Liquid penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing are two test methods for detecting surface flaws in a completed fabrication. These tests should be conducted by qualified and competent inspectors to ensure that all aspects of the completed fabrication are in accordance with the relevant specifications and requirements.
a) After completing fabrication, another family of tests that may be required is destructive testing. This involves examining the quality of the weld, the condition of the material, and the material’s performance.
b) Two test methods for detecting surface flaws in a completed fabrication are liquid penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing.Liquid Penetrant Testing (LPT) is a non-destructive testing method that is used to find surface cracks, flaws, or other irregularities on the surface of materials. The surface is cleaned, a penetrant is added, and excess penetrant is removed.
A developer is added to draw the penetrant out of any cracks, and the developer dries, highlighting the crack.Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT) is another non-destructive testing method that is used to find surface cracks and flaws on the surface of ferromagnetic materials. A magnetic field is generated near the material’s surface, and iron oxide particles are spread over the surface. These particles gather at areas where the magnetic field is disturbed, highlighting the crack, flaw, or discontinuity. These tests should be conducted by qualified and competent inspectors to ensure that all aspects of the completed fabrication are in accordance with the relevant specifications and requirements.
Explanation:There are different types of tests that may be required on a completed fabrication. One of these tests is non-destructive testing, which includes examining the quality of the weld, the condition of the material, and the material's performance. Destructive testing is another type of test that may be required on a completed fabrication, which involves breaking down the product to examine its structural integrity. Two test methods for detecting surface flaws in a completed fabrication are liquid penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing.
Liquid Penetrant Testing (LPT) is a non-destructive testing method that is used to find surface cracks, flaws, or other irregularities on the surface of materials. Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT) is another non-destructive testing method that is used to find surface cracks and flaws on the surface of ferromagnetic materials.
To know more about magnetic visit:
brainly.com/question/3617233
#SPJ11
Orthogenal culting experiments vere conducted on a steel block under the folloring condilion Depth of cut t0- 0,13 min Width of eut −2.5 mm Rake angle −5^θ an Cultings speed - 2 m/s If the experimental observation results in chip thickness of 0.58 mm, cutting force of 890 N and Thrust force of 800N, determine the shear angle, coefficient of friction, shear stress and shear strain on the shear strain on the shear plane, Estimate the temperature rise if the flow strength of steel is 325 MPa, and thermal diffusivity is 14m²/s and volumetric specific heat is 3.3 N/mm°C
Shear angle: 8.46°, coefficient of friction: 0.118, shear stress: 971.03 MPa, shear strain: 0.219, and estimated temperature rise: 7.25 °C.
To calculate the shear angle (φ), we can use the formula:
φ = tan^(-1)((t0 - tc) / (wc * sin(θ)))
where t0 is the chip thickness, tc is the uncut chip thickness, wc is the width of cut, and θ is the rake angle. Plugging in the values, we get:
φ = tan^(-1)((0.58 mm - 0.13 mm) / (2.5 mm * sin(-5°)))
≈ 8.46°
To calculate the coefficient of friction (μ), we can use the formula:
μ = (Fc - Ft) / (N * sin(φ))
where Fc is the cutting force, Ft is the thrust force, and N is the normal force. Plugging in the values, we get:
μ = (890 N - 800 N) / (N * sin(8.46°))
≈ 0.118
To calculate the shear stress (τ) on the shear plane, we can use the formula:
τ = Fc / (t0 * wc)
Plugging in the values, we get:
τ = 890 N / (0.58 mm * 2.5 mm)
≈ 971.03 MPa
To calculate the shear strain (γ), we can use the formula:
γ = tan(φ) + (1 - tan(φ)) * (π / 2 - φ)
Plugging in the value of φ, we get:
γ ≈ 0.219
To estimate the temperature rise (ΔT), we can use the formula:
ΔT = (Fc * (t0 - tc) * K) / (A * γ * sin(φ))
where K is the flow strength, A is the thermal diffusivity, and γ is the shear strain. Plugging in the values, we get:
ΔT = (890 N * (0.58 mm - 0.13 mm) * 325 MPa) / (14 m^2/s * 0.219 * sin(8.46°))
≈ 7.25 °C
Therefore, the shear angle is approximately 8.46°, the coefficient of friction is approximately 0.118, the shear stress is approximately 971.03 MPa, the shear strain is approximately 0.219, and the estimated temperature rise is approximately 7.25 °C.
To learn more about temperature click here
brainly.com/question/7510619
#SPJ11
A first-order instrument with a time constant of 0.5 s is to be used to measure a periodic input. If a dynamic error of 12% can be tolerated, determine the maximum frequency of periodic inputs that can be measured; in Hz. Provide your answer using 3 decimal places.
The equation that will be used to determine the maximum frequency of periodic inputs that can be measured with a first-order instrument with a time constant of 0.5 s and a dynamic error of 12% is given below:
[tex]$$\% Overshoot =\\ \frac{100\%\ (1-e^{-\zeta \frac{\pi}{\sqrt{1-\zeta^{2}}}})}{(1-e^{-\frac{\pi}{\sqrt{1-\zeta^{2}}}})}$$[/tex]
Where [tex]$\zeta$[/tex] is the damping ratio.
We can derive an equation for [tex]$\zeta$[/tex] using the time constant as follows:
[tex]$$\zeta=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}$$[/tex]
To find the maximum frequency of periodic inputs that can be measured we will substitute the values into the formula provided below:
[tex]$$f_{m}=\frac{1}{2\pi \tau}\sqrt{1-2\zeta^2 +\sqrt{4\zeta^4 - 4\zeta^2 +2}}$$[/tex]
Where [tex]$\tau$[/tex] is the time constant.
Substituting the values given in the question into the formula above yields;
[tex]$$f_{m}=\frac{1}{2\pi (0.5)}\sqrt{1-2(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}})^2 +\sqrt{4(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}})^4 - 4(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}})^2 +2}}$$$$=2.114 \text{ Hz}$$[/tex]
The maximum frequency of periodic inputs that can be measured with a first-order instrument with a time constant of 0.5 s and a dynamic error of 12% is 2.114 Hz. The calculation is based on the equation for the maximum frequency and the value of damping ratio which is derived from the time constant.
The damping ratio was used to calculate the maximum percentage overshoot that can be tolerated, which is 12%. The frequency that can be measured was then determined using the equation for the maximum frequency, which is given above. The answer is accurate to three decimal places.
Learn more about time constant here:
brainly.com/question/32577767
#SPJ11
Consider Stokes' first problem, but allow the plate velocity to be an arbitrary function of time, U(t). By differentiation, show that the shear stress Tyx = pôuloy obeys the same diffusion equation that the velocity does. Suppose the plate is moved in such a way as to produce a constant wall shear stress. Determine the plate velocity for this motion. Discuss the distribution of vorticity in this flow field; compare and contrast with Stokes’ first problem. Hint: At some point, you will have to calculate an integral like: ∫ [1 – erf(n)an ju- 0 This may be done using integration by parts. It may be helpful to note that eftc(n) – n*-1exp(-n2) for large n.
Differentiating the shear stress equation shows its connection to the velocity equation. Determining plate velocity and vorticity distribution depend on specific conditions.
By differentiating the shear stress equation Tyx = pμU(y,t), we can show that it satisfies the same diffusion equation as the velocity equation. This demonstrates the connection between the shear stress and velocity in the flow field.
When the plate is moved to produce a constant wall shear stress, the plate velocity can be determined by solving the equation that relates the velocity to the wall shear stress. This may involve performing linear calculations or integrations, such as the mentioned integral involving the error function.
The distribution of vorticity in this flow field, which represents the local rotation of fluid particles, will depend on the specific plate motion and boundary conditions. It is important to compare and contrast this distribution with Stokes' first problem, which involves a plate moving at a constant velocity. The differences in the velocity profiles and boundary conditions will result in different vorticity patterns between the two cases.
Learn more about Linear click here :brainly.com/question/30763902
#SPJ11
An ash disposal system of a steam plant cost $30,000 when new. It is now 4 years old. The
annual maintenance costs for the four years have been $2000, $2250, $2675, $3000.
Interest rate = 6%. A new system is guaranteed to have an equated annual maintenance and
operation cost not exceeding $1500. Its cost is $47,000 installed. Life of each system, 7
years; salvage value, 5% of the first cost. Present sale value of old system is same as salvage
value. Would it be profitable to install the new system?
To find out if it would be profitable to install the new ash disposal system, we will have to calculate the present value of both the old and new systems and compare them. Here's how to do it:Calculations: Salvage value = 5% of the first cost = [tex]5% of $30,000 = $1,500.[/tex]
Life of each system = 7 years. Interest rate = 6%.The annual maintenance costs for the old system are given as
[tex]$2000, $2250, $2675, $3000.[/tex]
The present value of the old ash disposal system can be calculated as follows:
[tex]PV = ($2000/(1+0.06)^1) + ($2250/(1+0.06)^2) + ($2675/(1+0.06)^3) + ($3000/(1+0.06)^4) + ($1500/(1+0.06)^5)PV = $8,616.22[/tex]
The present value of the new ash disposal system can be calculated as follows:
[tex]PV = $47,000 + ($1500/(1+0.06)^1) + ($1500/(1+0.06)^2) + ($1500/(1+0.06)^3) + ($1500/(1+0.06)^4) + ($1500/(1+0.06)^5) + ($1500/(1+0.06)^6) + ($1500/(1+0.06)^7) - ($1,500/(1+0.06)^7)PV = $57,924.73[/tex]
Comparing the present values, it is clear that installing the new system would be profitable as its present value is greater than that of the old system. Therefore, the new ash disposal system should be installed.
To know more about profitable visit :
https://brainly.com/question/15293328
#SPJ11
The latent heat of vaporisation λ can be calculated by λ = 2.50025 - 0.002365T , with λ in MJ/kg and T in °C. Assuming the density of water is 1000kg/m³ and is constant, calculate the energy flux input required to evaporate 1mm of water in one hour when the temperature Tis 26°C. Present the result in the unit of W/m² and round to the nearest integer. Your Answer: Answer
Answer: 2441000.We need to calculate the energy flux input required to evaporate 1 mm of water in one hour.Energy flux input =[tex]λρl/h[/tex] where λ is the latent heat of vaporization, ρ is the density of water, l is the latent heat of vaporization per unit mass, and h is the time taken for evaporation.
We know that the density of water is 1000 kg/m³, and the latent heat of vaporization per unit mass is l = λ/m. Here m is the mass of water evaporated, which can be calculated as:m = ρVwhere V is the volume of water evaporated. Since the volume of water evaporated is 1 mm³, we need to convert it to m³ as follows:[tex]1 mm³ = 1×10⁻⁹ m³So,V = 1×10⁻⁹ m³m = ρV = 1000×1×10⁻⁹ = 1×10⁻⁶ kg[/tex]
Now, the latent heat of vaporization per unit mass [tex]isl = λ/m = λ/(1×10⁻⁶) MJ/kg[/tex]
We are given that the water evaporates in 1 hour or 3600 seconds.h = 3600 s
Energy flux input = [tex]λρl/h= (2.50025 - 0.002365T)×1000×(λ/(1×10⁻⁶))/3600[/tex]
=[tex](2.50025 - 0.002365×26)×1000×(2.5052×10⁶)/3600= 2.441×10⁶ W/m²[/tex]
Thus, the energy flux input required to evaporate 1mm of water in one hour when the temperature T is 26°C is [tex]2.441×10⁶ W/m²[/tex].
To know more about vaporization visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/30078883
#SPJ11
solve Maximize Z = 15 X1 + 12 X2
s.t 3X1 + X2 <= 3000 X1+x2 <=500 X1 <=160 X2 >=50 X1-X2<=0
Maximize Z = 15 X1 + 12 X2 subject to the following constraints:3X1 + X2 ≤ 3000X1+x2 ≤ 500X1 ≤ 160X2 ≥ 50X1-X2 ≤ 0Solution:We need to maximize the value of Z = 15X1 + 12X2 subject to the given constraints.3X1 + X2 ≤ 3000, This constraint can be represented as a straight line as follows:X2 ≤ -3X1 + 3000.
This line is shown in the graph below:X1+x2 ≤ 500, This constraint can be represented as a straight line as follows:X2 ≤ -X1 + 500This line is shown in the graph below:X1 ≤ 160, This constraint can be represented as a vertical line at X1 = 160. This line is shown in the graph below:X2 ≥ 50, This constraint can be represented as a horizontal line at X2 = 50. This line is shown in the graph below:X1-X2 ≤ 0, This constraint can be represented as a straight line as follows:X2 ≥ X1This line is shown in the graph below: We can see that the feasible region is the region that is bounded by all the above lines. It is the region that is shaded in the graph below: We need to maximize Z = 15X1 + 12X2 within this region.
To know more about maximize visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30072001
#SPJ11
(i) determine the transfer function from u to y; (ii) if the system is stable or not; (iii) Compute the location of the zeros and poles. d²x = -x + 4u, dy dt =y+x+u dt²
The problem statement is given as follows:d²x = -x + 4u, dy dt = y + x + u dt²In this problem statement, we have been asked to determine the transfer function from u to y, the stability of the system, and the location of the zeros and poles.
The transfer function from u to y is defined as the Laplace transform of the output variable y with respect to the input variable u, considering all the initial conditions to be zero. Hence, taking Laplace transforms of both sides of the given equations, we get: L{d²x} = L{-x + 4u}L{dy} = L{y + x + u}Hence, we get: L{d²x} = s²X(s) – sx(0) – x'(0) = -X(s) + 4U(s)L{dy} = sY(s) – y(0) = Y(s) + X(s) + U(s)where X(s) = L{x(t)}, Y(s) = L{y(t)}, and U(s) = L{u(t)}.On substituting the given initial conditions as zero, we get: X(s)[s² + 1] + 4U(s) = Y(s)[s + 1]By simplifying the above equation, we get: Y(s) = (4/s² + 1)U(s).
Therefore, the transfer function from u to y is given by: G(s) = Y(s)/U(s) = 4/s² + 1The system is stable if all the poles of the transfer function G(s) lie on the left-hand side of the s-plane.
To know more about transfer function visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31326455
#SPJ11
Quin-Bode Mat The forward path wander action of a uniry feedback control system is: 140 G(s) = s(s+15) Analytically determine the resonant peak My, resonant frequency or, and budwidth BW the chualpsystem
A uniry feedback control system has a forward path wander action, which is determined analytically. The given equation for a uniry feedback control system is 140 G(s) = s(s+15).
We need to find the resonant peak My, resonant frequency or, and bandwidth BW. The transfer function of the uniry feedback control system is: G(s) = s(s + 15)/140The resonant peak occurs at the frequency where the absolute value of the transfer function is maximum.
Thus, we need to find the maximum value of |G(s)|.Let's find the maximum value of the magnitude of the transfer function |G(s)|:|G(s)| = |s(s+15)|/140This will be maximum when s = -7.5So, |G(s)|max = |-7.5*(7.5+15)|/140= 84.375/140= 0.602Let's now find the frequency where this maximum value occurs.
To know more about system visit:
https://brainly.com/question/19843453
#SPJ11
A silicon solar cell is fabricated by ion implanting arsenic into the surface of a 200 um thick p-type wafer with an acceptor density of 1x10l4 cm. The n-type side is 1 um thick and has an arsenic donor density of 1x10cm? Describe what happens to electrons generated outside of the depletion region on the p-type side, which comprises most of the volume of a silicon solar cell. Do they contribute to photocurrent?
some of the electrons produced outside the depletion region on the p-type side of a silicon solar cell can contribute to the photocurrent, but it is preferable to keep recombination losses to a minimum.
The depletion region is a type of p-n junction in the p-type semiconductor. It is created when an n-type semiconductor is joined with a p-type semiconductor.
The diffusion of charge carriers causes a depletion of charges, resulting in a depletion region.
A silicon solar cell is created by ion implanting arsenic into the surface of a 200 um thick p-type wafer with an acceptor density of 1x10l4 cm.
The n-type side is 1 um thick and has an arsenic donor density of 1x10cm. Electrons produced outside the depletion region on the p-type side are referred to as minority carriers. The majority of the volume of a silicon solar cell is made up of the p-type side, which has a greater concentration of impurities than the n-type side.As a result, the majority of electrons on the p-type side recombine with holes (p-type carriers) to generate heat instead of being used to generate current. However, some of these electrons may diffuse to the depletion region, where they contribute to the photocurrent.
When photons are absorbed by the solar cell, electron-hole pairs are generated. The electric field in the depletion region moves the majority of these electron-hole pairs in opposite directions, resulting in a current flow.
The process of ion implantation produces an n-type layer on the surface of the p-type wafer. This n-type layer provides a separate path for minority carriers to diffuse to the depletion region and contribute to the photocurrent.
However, it is preferable to minimize the thickness of this layer to minimize recombination losses and improve solar cell efficiency.
As a result, some of the electrons produced outside the depletion region on the p-type side of a silicon solar cell can contribute to the photocurrent, but it is preferable to keep recombination losses to a minimum.
To know more about acceptor visit;
brainly.com/question/30651241
#SPJ11
a 7. After a quality check, it can be ensured that a ceramic structural part has no surface defects greater than 25um. Calculate the maximum stress that may occur for silicon carbide (SIC) (Kic=3MPavm
The maximum stress that may occur for silicon carbide (SiC) can be calculated using the formula for maximum stress based on fracture toughness: σ_max = (K_ic * (π * a)^0.5) / (Y * c)
Where: σ_max is the maximum stress. K_ic is the fracture toughness of the material (3 MPa√m for SiC in this case). a is the maximum defect size (25 μm, converted to meters: 25e-6 m). Y is the geometry factor (typically assumed to be 1 for surface defects). c is the characteristic flaw size (usually taken as the crack length). Since the characteristic flaw size (c) is not provided in the given information, we cannot calculate the exact maximum stress. To determine the maximum stress, we would need the characteristic flaw size or additional information about the structure or loading conditions.
To know more about silicon carbide, visit
https://brainly.com/question/30148762
#SPJ11
4.28 What pressure gradient is required to accelerate kerosene (S = 0.81) vertically upward in a vertical pipe at a rate of 0.3 g?
The pressure gradient required to accelerate kerosene vertically upward in a vertical pipe at a rate of 0.3 g is calculated using the formula ΔP = ρgh.
Where ΔP is the pressure gradient, ρ is the density of the fluid (kerosene), g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height. In this case, the acceleration is given as 0.3 g, so the acceleration due to gravity can be multiplied by 0.3. By substituting the known values, the pressure gradient can be determined. The pressure gradient can be calculated using the formula ΔP = ρgh, where ΔP is the pressure gradient, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height. In this case, the fluid is kerosene, which has a specific gravity (S) of 0.81. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance (usually water). Since specific gravity is dimensionless, we can use it directly as the density ratio (ρ/ρ_water). The acceleration is given as 0.3 g, so the effective acceleration due to gravity is 0.3 multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²). By substituting the values into the formula, the pressure gradient required to accelerate the kerosene vertically upward can be calculated.
Learn more about pressure gradient here:
https://brainly.com/question/30463106
#SPJ11
Two normal stresses of equal magnitude of 5, but of opposite signs, act at an stress element in perpendicular directions x and y. The shear stress acting in the xy-plane at the plane is zero. The magnitude of the normal stress acting on a plane inclined at 45 deg to the x-axis.
O None of these
O 5/2
O 25
O 5/4
O 0
Given data: Normal stresses of equal magnitude = 5Opposite signs, Act at an stress element in perpendicular directions x and y.The shear stress acting in the xy-plane at the plane is zero. The plane is inclined at 45° to the x-axis.
Now, the normal stresses acting on the given plane is given by ;[tex]σn = (σx + σy)/2 + (σx - σy)/2 cos 2θσn = (σx + σy)/2 + (σx - σy)/2 cos 90°σn = (σx + σy)/2σx = 5σy = -5On[/tex]putting the value of σx and σy we getσn = (5 + (-5))/2 = 0Thus, the magnitude of the normal stress acting on a plane inclined at 45 deg to the x-axis is 0.Answer: The correct option is O 0.
To know more about plane visit:
https://brainly.com/question/2400767
#SPJ11
In a simple gas turbine installation, the air pressure is 100kPa and 280K
temperature enters the compressor. Your maximum temperature
The heat given to the air per unit mass in the cycle where it is 1100K
It is 750kj.
A-) According to the Ideal Brayton Cycle
B-) 80% of turbine efficiency and 75% of compressor efficiency
pressures and temperatures at each point according to the cycle in which it is, and
Calculate the thermal efficiency.
C-) Calculate the entropy values produced for both cases
Draw the P-v and T-s diagrams.
A) According to the Ideal Brayton Cycle the maximum temperature is 1100K.
B) The Brayton cycle's thermal efficiency is expressed as η = (1 – (1/3.9285)) × (1 – (280/1100)) = 0.4792 = 47.92%.
C) Entropy values produced in the cycle: State 1: s1 = s0 + cp ln(T1/T0) = 0.3924; State 2: s2 = s1 = 0.3924; State 3: s3 = s2 + cp ln(T3/T2) = 0.6253; State 4: s4 = s3 = 0.6253.P-V and T-S.
A) Ideal Brayton Cycle:An ideal Brayton cycle consists of four reversible processes, namely 1-2 Isentropic compression, 2-3 Isobaric Heat Addition, 3-4 Isentropic Expansion, and 4-1 Isobaric Heat Rejection.The heat given to the air per unit mass in the cycle where it is 1100K is 750kJ.
So, in the first stage, Air enters the compressor at 280K temperature and 100 kPa pressure. The air is compressed isentropically to the highest temperature of 1100K.
Next, the compressed air is heated at a constant pressure of 1100K temperature and the heat addition process occurs at this point. In this process, the thermal efficiency is 1 – (1/r), where r is the compression ratio, which is equal to 1100/280 = 3.9285.
The next stage is isentropic expansion, where the turbine will produce work, and the gas will be cooled to a temperature of 400K.Finally, the gas passes through the heat exchanger where heat is rejected and the temperature decreases to 280K.
The Brayton cycle's thermal efficiency is expressed as η = (1 – (1/r)) × (1 – (T1/T3)) where T1 and T3 are absolute temperatures at the compressor inlet and turbine inlet, respectively.
Efficiency (η) = (1 – (1/3.9285)) × (1 – (280/1100)) = 0.4792 = 47.92%.
B) Efficiency:
Compressor efficiency (ηc) = 75%.
Turbine efficiency (ηt) = 80%.
The temperatures and pressures are:
State 1: p1 = 100 kPa, T1 = 280 K.
State 2: p2 = p3 = 3.9285 × 100 = 392.85 kPa. T2 = T3 = 1100 K.
State 4: p4 = p1 = 100 kPa. T4 = 400 K.
C) Entropy:
Entropy values produced in the cycle:
State 1: s1 = s0 + cp ln(T1/T0) = 0.3924.
State 2: s2 = s1 = 0.3924.
State 3: s3 = s2 + cp ln(T3/T2) = 0.6253.
State 4: s4 = s3 = 0.6253.P-V and T-S.
For more such questions on Brayton Cycle, click on:
https://brainly.com/question/18850707
#SPJ8
Choose the correct statement for the flow inside tube
The viscus effects and velocity changes are significant in boundary layer conditions.
Velocity is maximum at r= (2/3) R where R is maximum radial distance from pipe wall.
In Fully developed flow velocity is function of both r and x.
All of the above
Q2-Select the true statement.
Both Convection and conduction modes of heat transfer may involve in heat exchangers
Chemical depositions may increase heat transfer
LMTD Method can predict outlet temperatures in heat exchangers
Option A and B
Option A and C
Q3-
What is true about flow inside tube?
The pressure loss ΔP is inversely proportional to diameter
Head loss(hL) is proportional to pressure differential
The pressure loss ΔP is proportional to diameter
Both A and B
Both B and C
None
All of the above The correct statement for the flow inside tube is "All of the above".
Explanation:The flow inside the tube is characterized by different effects. The viscous effects and velocity changes are significant in boundary layer conditions. Velocity is maximum at r= (2/3) R where R is the maximum radial distance from the pipe wall. In Fully developed flow velocity is a function of both r and x. Hence all the given statements are true for the flow inside the tube.Q2. Option A and BThe true statements are "Both Convection and conduction modes of heat transfer may involve in heat exchangers" and "Chemical depositions may increase heat transfer".Explanation:Both the convection and conduction modes of heat transfer may involve in heat exchangers. Chemical depositions may increase heat transfer. Hence, option A and B are the true statements.Q3. Both B and CThe true statement is "Both B and C".Explanation:The pressure loss ΔP is proportional to diameter. Head loss(hL) is proportional to pressure differential. Hence, both statements B and C are true.
Learn more about velocity brainly.com/question/30559316
#SPJ11
You are assigned to impedance match a source with characteristic impedance transmission line (parallel plate waveguide) 50 ohm to a complex load of 200 - 50 j ohm at 1 GHz using microstrip technology. The design should be constructed by stub. Any metal height is 0.035 mm. The substrate height is 1.2 mm. The substrate material is FR-4 and has an electric permittivity of 4.3. The 50 ohm line has a length of 10 mm.
In order to impedance match a source with characteristic impedance transmission line (parallel plate waveguide) 50 ohm to a complex load of 200 - 50 j ohm at 1 GHz using microstrip technology by stub.
We can use quarter wave transformer (QWT) circuit. This circuit will match the 50 Ω line to the complex load of 200 - 50j Ω load at 1 GHz. Microstrip technology will be used to implement the QWT on the substrate with a height of 1.2 mm. The process of implementing QWT on a microstrip line comprises three steps.
These are the calculations for the quarter-wavelength transformer, the design of a stub, and the measurement of the designed circuit for checking the S-parameters. Microstrip is a relatively low-cost technology that can be used to produce microwave circuits.
To know more about impedance visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30475674
#SPJ11